12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

1. Consider the universal set S = {2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 81}. A and B are two subsets of S such
that A = {5, 8, 13, 81} and B = {2, 3, 8, 55}. Find
(a) A  B ,
(b) A  B ,
(c) A ',
(d) A'  B ,
(e) A'  B '.

2. Consider the universal set S = {A, B, D, E, G, H, M, P}. X, Y and Z are three subsets of S such that
X = {B, P}, Y = {A, D, H, M} and Z = {A, E, M, P}. Find
(a) X  Y ,
(b) Y  Z ,
(c) Y '  Z ',
(d) X  Y  Z '.

3. Find the sample space S and the corresponding size n(S ) for each of the following random
activities.
(a) A letter is selected at random from the word COMPUTER.
(b) A candle is drawn at random from a bag with six candles of different colours, including white,
blue, green, yellow, purple and red.
(c) There are three children (C 1 , C 2 , C 3 ) and four gifts (G 1 , G 2 , G 3 , G 4 ). A child and a gift are
selected at random so that the child can get the gift.
(d) There are four students (S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 ) in a group. Two of them are selected at random to join
a talent contest.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

4. There are a number of banknotes in a wallet.

If a banknote is drawn randomly from the wallet, list the outcomes of the following events and find
the corresponding number of outcomes.
(a) A = {A banknote with a 2-digit face value is drawn}
(b) B = {A $10 banknote is not drawn}
(c) C = {A $2 000 banknote is drawn}

5. There are one small-sized (S), one medium-sized (M) and one large-sized (L) T-shirts. Two T-shirts
are drawn at random one by one with replacement. Suppose the notation ML denotes that the
T-shirt with size M and the T-shirt with size L are drawn at the first and the second draws
respectively. Express each of the following events as a set and find the corresponding number of
outcomes.
(a) The two T-shirts drawn are in different sizes.
(b) The second T-shirt drawn is smaller than the first T-shirt.

6. There are three cards numbered 4, 6 and 9. Two cards are drawn at random one by one with
replacement to form a two-digit number. Suppose a number 46 is formed when the cards numbered
4 and 6 are drawn at the first and the second draws respectively. Express each of the following
events as a set and find the corresponding number of outcomes.
(a) A, where A is the event that a composite number is formed.
(b) B, where B is the event that a multiple of 3 is formed.
(c) A'
(d) B'

7. The result of an experiment is either positive (+) or negative (−). The experiment is conducted
three times and the results are recorded. Suppose ++− denotes that the results are positive in the
first and second trials while the result is negative in the third trial.
(a) Write down the sample space S by listing its outcomes.
(b) List the outcomes of the following events.
(i) A = {The result is positive in the first trial}
(ii) B = {The results are positive in at least two consecutive trials}
(iii) C = {At least one result is negative}
(c) (i) Find A  C.
(ii) Find A  B' .
(d) (i) Is A  C a certain event? Explain your answer.
(ii) Is A  B' a certain event? Explain your answer.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

8. The following is a schedule of Grace in April in a certain year.

April
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

1 2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Hiking Swimming Swimming

10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Test Swimming Test Swimming Test
Test Test

17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Hiking Swimming Swimming

24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Swimming Swimming

A day is selected at random in April.

(a) List the outcomes of the following events.
(i) H = {Go hiking on the day}
(ii) S = {Go swimming on the day}
(iii) T = {Test on the day}
(b) Express the following events as a set and find the corresponding number of outcomes.
(i) N, where N is the event that there are no schedules on the day.
(ii) S  T
(iii) H  T
(iv) S '  ( H  T )

9. There are 3 boys (B 1 , B 2 , B 3 ) and 2 girls (G 1 , G 2 ) in a classroom. The teacher will choose a student
randomly to answer a question each time.
(a) If a total of two questions are answered by the students and each student can answer more than
one question, express each of the following events as a set.
(i) The students of the same gender are chosen.
(ii) At least one girl is chosen.
(b) If a total of three questions are answered by the students and each student cannot answer more
than one question, express the event that the questions are answered alternately by male and
female students as a set.
(Suppose B 1 G 1 denotes that the first and the second questions are answered by the students B 1 and
G 1 respectively, and B 1 G 1 G 2 denotes that the first, the second and the third questions are answered
by the students B 1 , G 1 and G 2 respectively.)

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

1. There are eight cards numbered 4, 7, 18, 19, 27, 33, 40 and 48. A card is chosen at random. Find
the probabilities of choosing
(a) a card with an even number,
(b) a card with a prime number,
(c) a card with a number divisible by 6.

2. In a class of 40 students, each student brings one school bag. 14 of them bring red school bags,
8 of them bring blue school bags and the rest bring black school bags. A student in the class is
selected at random. Find the probabilities of selecting
(a) a student who brings a blue school bag,
(b) a student who brings a red or black school bag.

3. In a pack of playing cards, some cards are missing. Sue selects a card at random from the pack of
playing cards with replacement for 60 times. The table below shows the suits of the cards selected.
Suits Spade Heart Club Diamond

Frequency 12 18 16 14

Find the experimental probabilities of getting

(a) a club,
(b) a spade or a heart,
(c) a red card.

4. The figure shows a polygon ABCDE. A dart hits a point in ABCDE at E

A
random for 50 times. The following table shows the numbers of hits in
ADE, ABD and BCD.
Location ADE ABD BCD B
D
Number of hits 21 12 17

Find the experimental probabilities that

C
(a) a dart hits a point in ABD,
(b) a dart does not hit any point in ABD,
(c) a dart hits a point in the quadrilateral ABDE.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

5. There are 12 bags of plain milk chocolates, 10 bags of milk chocolates with hazelnut and 18 bags
of dark chocolates with hazelnut. A bag of chocolates is selected at random. Find the probabilities
that
(a) a bag of dark chocolates is selected,
(b) a bag of chocolates without hazelnut is selected,
(c) a bag of milk chocolates is selected.

6. In an examination, 52 out of 200 students get grade A, 46 get grade B, 65 get grade C and 37 do
not pass the examination. A student sitting for the examination is selected at random. Find the
probabilities that
(a) a student who does not pass the examination is selected,
(b) a student getting grade A or B is selected,
(c) a student who does not get grade B is selected.

7. There are 2 square pyramids, 5 rectangular pyramids of base dimensions 3 cm  4 cm, and
3 hexagonal pyramids. If a pyramid is selected randomly, find the probabilities that
(a) the pyramid has 7 vertices,
(b) the pyramid has 4 triangular lateral faces,
(c) the pyramid has 7 vertices and 4 triangular lateral faces.

8. The following table shows the results of 200 participants in a competition.

Grade A B C D E Fail
Number of participants 13 27 58 44 40 18

If the participants get a grade A or B, they will be awarded a certification of distinction. Otherwise,
the participants will be awarded a certification of participation if they do not fail the competition.
A participant is selected at random. Find the probabilities of selecting the following participants.
(a) A participant who gets grade C.
(b) A participant who is awarded a certification of distinction.
(c) A participant who is awarded a certification.

9. 3 coins are tossed 100 times, and the numbers of heads are recorded as follows.
Number of heads 0 1 2 3

Frequency 21 29 32 18

Find the experimental probabilities that

(a) exactly 2 heads are obtained,
(b) no tails are obtained,
(c) at least 2 tails are obtained.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

10. A manufacturer produces 100 cans of orange juice. Their volumes are recorded in the following
table.
Volume less than (mL) 490 495 500 505 510

Frequency 0 23 58 89 100

Find the experimental probabilities that

(a) the manufacturer produces a can of orange juice with the volume less than 500 mL,
(b) the manufacturer produces a can of orange juice with the volume not less than 505 mL,
(c) the manufacturer produces a can of orange juice with the volume less than 495 mL or not less
than 500 mL.

11. 5 French, 3 Japanese and a number of Chinese passengers are queuing up at an airport check-in
1
counter. If a passenger is selected at random, the probability of selecting a Japanese is . How
4
many Chinese passengers are there in the queue?

12. On a sports ground, there are 8 athletes participating in the Marathon, 12 athletes participating in
the 400 m race and a number of athletes participating in the 100 m race. It is known that each of
them participates in one event only. If an athlete is selected at random, the probability of selecting
3
an athlete participating in the 100 m race is . How many athletes are there on the sports ground?
7

13. In a box of lucky stars, 7 of them are red, 9 are blue, n are yellow and 9 are purple. If the
7
probability of drawing a blue or yellow lucky star at random is , find the probability of drawing
15
a purple lucky star.

14. The following table shows the numbers of marbles of different colours in a bag.
Colour Red Yellow Blue Purple Grey

Number of marbles 78 56 m n 72

Kevin selects a marble at random from the bag, and the probabilities of selecting a blue marble and
1 5
a purple marble are and respectively.
5 32
(a) Find the values of m and n.
(b) Find the probability of getting a grey or blue marble.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

15. 25 participants of a reading award scheme are selected randomly. The following table shows the
number of books read by them.
Number of books read Less than 15 15 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 More than 40

Frequency 5 8 7 3 2

(a) If a participant of the scheme is selected randomly, find the experimental probabilities that
(i) the participant read less than 15 books,
(ii) the participant read 21 books or more.
(b) If there will be 150 people participating in the scheme next year, estimate the number of
participants who will read more than 40 books.

16. The following table shows the results of selecting a letter each time from the word EXAMINATION
for 40 times with replacement.
Letter E X A M I N T O

Frequency 2 4 6 4 8 8 3 5

If a letter is selected each time from the word for 100 times with replacement, estimate the number
of times that a vowel will be selected.

1. Fanny throws a dart at a dartboard at random, and the probability for the dart to hit the dartboard is
0.73. Find the probability that the dart does not hit the dartboard.

2. In a box of blocks, 17 of them are triangular prisms, 8 of them are cuboids and 15 of them are
cylinders. A block is chosen at random from the box. Find the probabilities that
(a) a block without vertices is chosen,
(b) a block with at least 8 edges is chosen,
(c) a block with at least 1 plane surface is chosen.

3. The following table shows the numbers of days of absence from school for a group of students.
Number of days of absence from school 0 1 2 3 More than 3

Frequency 30 5 3 1 1

A student is selected at random from the group. Find the probabilities that
(a) a student who has not been absent from school on any day is selected,
(b) a student who has been absent from school for 3 days or more is selected,
(c) a student who has been absent from school for at most 1 day is selected.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

4. Susan, Don and their classmates take an oral test. The probabilities for Susan and Don to get full
1 1
marks in the test are and respectively, while the probability for both Susan and Don to get full
2 3
1
marks is . Find the probability that Susan or Don gets full marks in the test.
6

5. A biased dice is thrown twice. It is known that the probability of obtaining a number 6 at each
throw is 0.3 and the probability of obtaining a number 6 twice is 0.09. Find the probability of
obtaining a number 6 at least once.

6. The following table shows the probabilities of having different numbers of customers waiting at a
cashier counter in a supermarket at 12:00 noon.
Number of customers 0 1 2 3 4 or more

Probability 0.1 0.15 0.24 0.36 x

(a) Find the value of x.

(b) Find the probability that there are at least 3 customers waiting at the cashier counter at
12:00 noon.
(c) Find the probability that there are not more than 2 customers waiting at the cashier counter at
12:00 noon.

7. In a city, the blood type of 28% of the residents is A, the blood type of 33% of the residents is
either A or AB, and the blood type of 45% of the residents is O. A resident of the city is chosen at
random. Find the probabilities of the following events.
(a) The blood type of the resident chosen is neither AB nor B.
(b) The blood type of the resident chosen is either B or O.
(c) The blood type of the resident chosen is B.

8. Among the students in class 5A, 78% of them like playing badminton, 60% like swimming and
playing badminton, and 98% like either swimming or playing badminton. If a student in class 5A is
chosen at random, find the probability that the chosen student likes swimming.

9. There are some English books, Chinese books, Spanish books, Japanese books and Korean books
on a bookshelf. If one of the books is selected at random, the probabilities of selecting books of
different languages are as follows.
1
P(English book) = ,
5
1
P(Spanish book) = ,
12
3
P(Korean book) = ,
10
1
P(Chinese book) = P(Japanese book) +
4
Find the probability of selecting a Chinese book or an English book .

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

10. There are 2 male and 1 female candidates in the chairman election for the students’ union in a
school, while there are 1 male and 3 female candidates in the vice-chairman election for the
students’ union. If the candidates in each election are equally likely to be elected, find the
probabilities of the following events.
(a) Two female candidates are elected.
(b) No female candidates are elected.
(c) At least one female candidate is elected.

11. The following table shows the distribution of the marital status of the employees in a company.
Marital status Single Married Divorced

Male 3 7 1

Female 5 14 0

If an employee of the company is selected at random, find the probabilities of the following events.
(a) The employee selected is married.
(b) The employee selected is a female.
(c) The employee selected is a female or married.

12. The following table shows the distribution of the hotels of different grades under an organization
in Hong Kong and Singapore.
Grade 5 stars 4 stars 3 stars Below 3 stars

Hong Kong 12.2% 12.8% 13.3% 12.2%

Singapore 11.2% 14.4% 11.7% 12.2%

A hotel under this organization is selected at random. Find the probabilities of the following
events.
(a) A 5-star or 4-star hotel is selected.
(b) A hotel in Hong Kong is selected.
(c) A 4-star hotel or a hotel in Hong Kong is selected.

13. If Eric draws a ball at random from each of two boxes A and B, the probabilities of drawing a red
ball from box A and box B are 0.7 and 0.68 respectively, while the probability of drawing 2 red
balls is 0.476. Find the probabilities that
(a) the ball drawn from box B is not red,
(b) at least 1 red ball is drawn,
(c) no red balls are drawn.

14. In a pop music awards ceremony, 52% of the awardees are males, 88% of the awardees are from
Hong Kong, and 43% of the awardees are males from Hong Kong. An awardee is selected at
random in the ceremony. Find the probabilities of the following events.
(a) The awardee selected is a male or from Hong Kong.
(b) The awardee selected is neither a male nor from Hong Kong.
(c) The awardee selected is from Hong Kong but not a male.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

15. The following table shows the probabilities of selecting a student from class 5A who has joined the
events in the swimming gala and the sports day.
Both swimming gala Neither swimming gala
Swimming gala only Sports day only
and sports day nor sports day
Probability x 0.187 5 0.312 5 0.437 5

Find the probabilities of selecting a student from class 5A who

(a) has joined the events in the swimming gala and the sports day,
(b) has joined the events in the sports day,
(c) has not joined the events in the swimming gala.

16. There are 32 cards with a number on each card. 18 of the cards have an even number and 15 of
the cards have a number divisible by 3. If a card is drawn at random, the probability of
1
drawing a card with neither an even number nor a number divisible by 3 is . Find the probabilities
4
of drawing
(a) a card with an even number divisible by 3,
(b) a card with an odd number divisible by 3.

17. The following table shows the distribution of the number of years of teaching ex perience of the
teachers in a school.
Teaching experience (years) 0-5 6 - 10 11 or above

Male 7 y 12

Female 9 12 x

If a teacher in the school is selected at random, the probabilities of selecting a teacher with
6 - 10 years of teaching experience and a teacher with at least 11 years of teaching experience are
1 2
and respectively.
3 5
(a) Find the values of x and y.
(b) Find the probabilities of the following events if a teacher in the school is sel ected at random.
(i) A male teacher with less than 5.5 years of teaching experience is selected.
(ii) A female teacher is selected.
(iii) A female teacher or a teacher with at least 5.5 years of teaching experience is selected.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

18. For a group of 60 students who have sat for speaking examinations of English Language and
Chinese Language, the following table shows the proportions of them passing these two
examinations.
Speaking examination English Language Chinese Language

7 x
Male
30 60
3 1
Female
10 3

It is known that no female students pass both speaking examinations. A student is chosen randomly
from the group.
(a) Find the probabilities that
(i) the chosen student passes the speaking examination of English Language,
(ii) the chosen student is a female and passes at least one of the speaking examinations.

(b) If the probability of choosing a student who does not pass the speaking examination of
2
Chinese Language is , and the probability of choosing a male student who passes at least
5
1
one of the speaking examinations is ,
3
(i) find the value of x,
(ii) find the number of male students who pass the speaking examination of English Language
only,
(iii) find the number of students in the group who do not pass both speaking examinations.

1. On an island, the probability that it rains on any day is 0.3. The weather conditions on any day are
independent. On the coming two successive days, find the probabilities that
(a) it will rain on both days,
(b) it will not rain on any day,
(c) it will rain on the first day only.

2. For an unbiased dice, there are odd numbers on four of its faces, and even numbers on the remaining
two faces. The dice is thrown twice. Find the probabilities that
(a) two odd numbers are obtained,
(b) two odd numbers or two even numbers are obtained,
(c) at least one odd number is obtained.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

3. Judy has 5 pairs of socks of different colours. One of each pair of socks is put into drawer A and
another one is put into drawer B. Judy selects one sock from each drawer randomly. Find the
probabilities that
(a) both socks are of the same colour,
(b) both socks are of different colours.

4. 40% of eggs in bag A are marked with red dots, and 52% of eggs in bag B are marked with red dots.
If one egg is selected from each bag at random, find the probabilities that
(a) both eggs selected are marked with red dots,
(b) only one of the eggs selected is not marked with a red dot.

5. On average, Emma can get full marks in four out of six dictations, and Andrew can get full marks
in three out of eight dictations. They attempt the same dictation.
(a) Is the probability for both of them to get full marks in this dictation greater than the
probability for none of them to get full marks in this dictation? Explain your answer.
(b) Find the probability that at least one of them gets full marks in this dictation.

6. It is known that there may be more than one football club winning a league each year. Two
independent football clubs participated in the league from 2011 to 2014. Each of them won the
league once, and it was equally likely for each club to win the lea gue in any year. Find the
probabilities that
(a) both clubs won the league in 2014,
(b) two clubs won the league in different years.

7. In classroom A, 10 out of 24 students are exchange students. In classroom B, 12 out of 32 students

are exchange students. If a student is chosen at random from each classroom, find the probabilities
that
(a) both students are exchange students,
(b) none of them are exchange students,
(c) only one of them is an exchange student.

8. There are 2 pencils, 3 rulers and 2 rubbers in pencil case X and there are 3 pencils, 1 ruler and
2 rubbers in pencil case Y. An item is selected from each pencil case at random. Find the
probabilities that
(a) two rubbers are selected,
(b) only one ruler is selected,
(c) two items selected are different.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

9. A letter is selected randomly from each of the three words HIGH, ONE and HOPE. Find the
probabilities that
(a) three letters selected are G, N and P,
(b) three letters selected are vowels,
(c) exactly two letters selected are the same.

10. The ratios of the numbers of birds, mammals and reptiles in two zoos are 2 : 1 : 3 and 5 : 2 : 3. An
animal is selected at random from these 3 species of animals in each zoo. Find the probabilities
that
(a) both animals are of the same species,
(b) both animals are of different species,
(c) at most one animal is a mammal.

11. A bakery specializes in lemon tarts, apple pies and blueberry cupcakes. The probabilities that
4
Veronica buys lemon tarts, apple pies and blueberry cupcakes from the bakery for dessert are ,
5
4 5
and respectively. Assume that the purchase of each kind of dessert is independent. Find the
9 8
probabilities that
(a) she buys lemon tarts or apple pies,
(b) she buys less than two kinds of desserts.

12. Louis has 1 red ball, 3 blue balls and n green balls. Kay has 3 red balls, 4 blue balls and 5 green
balls. If they exchange one of their balls at random, the probability that the number of balls of each
10
colour got by each of them remains the same is .
27
(a) Find n.
(b) Find the probability that they exchange a red ball and a green ball.

1
13. The probability for Ken to go to school by bus on any school day is k, where  k  1. Assume
2
that the transportation taken by Ken on any school day is independent of the other days.
3
(a) If the probability for Ken to go to school by bus on only one of the next two school days is ,
8
find k.
(b) Find the probability that Ken will go to school by bus on at least two of the next three school
days.

14. A light bulb testing consists of two parts. The probabilities for a light bulb to pass test I and test II
are 0.74 and 0.55 respectively. The results of the tests are independent of each other. A light bulb
passing at least one test will be packed into a box. Light bulbs A and B are the two light bulbs
tested. Find the probabilities that
(a) light bulb A passes both tests,
(b) light bulb B passes only one test,
(c) at least one of these light bulbs is packed into a box.
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)

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15. Both Sandy and Dior are planning to send eCards to their friends in the coming Christmas. The
following table shows the probabilities of their choices of sending eCards with games and with
videos.
eCards with games eCards with videos

3 1
Sandy
4 3
4 3
Dior
5 8

It is given that the choice of the type of eCards sent by each of them is independent. Find the
probabilities that
(a) both Sandy and Dior send both types of eCards to their friends,
(b) at least one of them sends one type of eCards to their friends,
(c) only one of them does not send eCards to her friends.

16. There are 5 multiple choice questions in a quiz. Each question has 3 options of which only one of
them is the correct answer. If Macy answers these 5 questions by choosing the options randomly,
find the probabilities that
(a) Macy answers all questions correctly,
(b) Macy answers neither the first nor the last question correctly,
(c) Macy gives alternately correct and incorrect answers to the questions,
(d) Macy answers two consecutive questions correctly only.

17. The probabilities for Bradley, Kathleen, Natalie and Teddy to go to restaurant A for dinner on any
1 3 2 4
day are , , and respectively. If their choices for dinner are independent of each other, find
2 4 5 7
the probabilities that, on the same day,
(a) all of them go to restaurant A,
(b) only three of them go to restaurant A,
(c) at least one of them goes to restaurant A,
(d) only two of them, including Natalie, go to restaurant A.

18. A box contains 3 face cards and 2 number cards. Molly randomly draws cards from the box one by
one with replacement. Find the probabilities that
(a) she gets her first number card in the second draw,
(b) she gets her second number card in the third draw,
(c) she gets her first number card in or after the fourth draw.

19. There are 3 rotten apples in a box of 15 apples. Issac draws an apple from the box n times
randomly with replacement.
(a) Find the probability that Issac draws at least one rotten apple in terms of n.
(b) At least how many times should Issac draw an apple to ensure that the probability for him to
draw at least one rotten apple is greater than 0.95?

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

20. Fiona and Lucy throw a dart to a dartboard in turn until a dart hits the dartboard. The probabilities
for Fiona and Lucy to hit the dartboard at any attempt are x and 0.7 respectively. Fiona throws a
dart first. The probability for Fiona to hit the dartboard within two attempts is 0.848.
(a) Find x.
(b) Find the probability that Lucy hits the dartboard in at most three attempts. (Give your answer
correct to 4 decimal places.)

21. The figure shows three bags X, Y and Z. Bag X contains 2 black balls (B) and 1 whi te ball (W).
Bag Y contains 3 red balls (R) and 2 black balls (B). Bag Z contains 1 white ball (W) and 1 red
ball (R).

(a) A ball is drawn at random from each bag. Find the probabilities that
(i) none of the balls drawn are black,
(ii) exactly 1 of the balls drawn is red.
(b) Sandy draws two balls at random from each bag with replacement. Find the probabilities that
(i) exactly 1 of the six balls drawn are white,
(ii) exactly 3 of the six balls drawn are red.

22. In Figure I, the current can flow from A to B if there are P Q

no defective resistors along either the route APQB or ARB.

The probabilities for resistors P, Q and R to be defective A B
are 0.7, 0.05 and 0.25 respectively. The resistors work R
independently.
Figure I
(a) Find the probabilities that exactly two resistors are
defective.
(b) Find the probabilities that the current can flow from A
to B.
(c) The circuit is reconnected as shown in Figure II. The P

probabilities for each resistor to be defective remain Q

unchanged. The current can flow from A to B if there A B
are no defective resistors along either the route APQB R
or ARQB. Joyce claims that the probability for the
current to flow from A to B in Figure II is greater than Figure II
that in Figure I. Do you agree? Explain your answer.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

23. Gordon drives from city A to city B via two tunnels C and D in the morning, and he will return to
city A with the same route in the evening. In the morning, the probabilities for tunnel C and tunnel
D to have traffic jam are 0.4 and 0.7 respectively. In the evening, the probabilities for tunnel C and
tunnel D to have traffic jam are 0.58 and 0.48 respectively. The condition of each tunnel at any
time is independent.
(a) When is there a higher chance of not being stuck in any traffic jam? Explain your answer.
(b) Find the probability that Gordon is stuck in traffic jams in the morning and in the evening on a
day. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant figures.)

24. There are three papers in an English examination. If a candidate has passed at least two papers in
the examination, he/she is awarded a certificate. The probabilities of passing paper I, paper II and
2 1
paper III are , and p respectively. The results of the papers are independent of each other.
5 4
(a) Find the probability of passing all three papers in terms of p.
(b) Find the probability of being awarded a certificate in terms of p.
(c) If 40% of the candidates are awarded a certificate each after the examination, find the value
of p.

1. A box contains 10 balls numbered 1 to 10. Two balls are drawn randomly from the box without
replacement. Find the probability that the two numbers drawn are the factors of 10.

2. Martin is going to buy breakfast from the fast food shops A or B. If he buys breakfast from the fast
4
food shop A, the probability for him to arrive at the office on time is ; if he buys breakfast from
5
2
the fast food shop B, the probability for him to arrive at the office on time is . If Martin
3
randomly chooses one of the fast food shops, find the probabilities that
(a) he buys breakfast from the fast food shop A and he arrives at the office on time,
(b) he buys breakfast from the fast food shop B and he does not arrive at the office on time.

3. There are 8 overseas jockeys and 6 local jockeys in a horse race. If two jockeys are randomly
selected from the horse race without replacement, find the probabilities that
(a) two overseas jockeys are selected,
(b) they are both overseas or both local jockeys.

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4. There are 3 strawberry candies, 7 mango candies and 8 durian candies in a bag. If two candies are
drawn from the bag randomly without replacement, find the probabilities that
(a) no durian candies are drawn,
(b) one strawberry and one durian candies are drawn.

5. 70% of the tourists in a tour group come from city A. Among them, 68% are males. For the rest of
the tourists in the tour group, 52% of them are females. If a tourist is selected at random from the
group, find the probability that she is a female.

7
6. If tomorrow is a sunny day, the probability for Alice to go swimming is ; otherwise, the
9
2
probability for Alice not to go swimming is . Given that the probability for tomorrow to be a
3
3
sunny day is , find the probability for Alice to go swimming.
4

3
7. The probability for Lewis to park his car in street A is . If he parks his car in street A, the
5
probability that he will be fined is 0.65; otherwise, the probability that he will be fined is 0.45. Is
the probability that he will be fined greater than the probability that he will not be fined? Explain
your answer.

8. A number is picked at random from integers 1 to 50. Find the probabilities that
(a) the number is divisible by 2, given that it is a multiple of 8,
(b) the number is a multiple of 6, given that it is divisible by 4.

9. There are two balls numbered ‘1’, one ball numbered ‘2’, one ball numbered ‘3’ and two balls
numbered ‘4’ in a bag. Two balls are drawn at random from the bag.
(a) Given that the product of the numbers on the balls is greater than 4, find the probability that
the number on one of the balls is 3.
(b) Given that the number on one of the balls is 2, find the probability that the sum of the
numbers on the balls is less than 4.

10. It is given that the probability for Jeremy to participate in high jump on the sports day is 0.72. The
probability that he participates in high jump and gets a medal is 0.57. Given that Jeremy
participates in high jump on the sports day, find the probability that he gets a medal.

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11. The following table shows the favourite singers of S5 and S6 students. Each of them selects only
one singer.
Singer A Singer B Singer C

S5 58 47 60

S6 30 50 55

If a student is randomly selected from S5 and S6, find the probabilities of selecting
(a) a S5 student,
(b) a S6 student whose favourite singer is singer C,
(c) a S6 student, given that his / her favourite singer is singer C.

12. The following table shows the orders of 40 customers in a restaurant . Each of them makes only one
order.
Steak Pork Chicken

Male 10 6 4

Female 8 4 8

A customer is randomly selected from the restaurant.

(a) Given that the customer is male, find the probability that he orders pork.
(b) Given that the customer orders steak, find the probability that the customer is female.
(c) Given that the customer does not order chicken, find the probability t hat the customer is male.

13. Matthew drives from A to B every day, and passes through two traffic spots X and Y, as show n in
the figure. The probabilities of having traffic congestion at X and Y each day are 0.24 and 0.15
respectively. If there is a congestion, the probability for Matthew to be late for work is 0.8;
otherwise, the probability for Matthew to be late for work is 0.15. Assume that traffic congestion at
any spot occurs independently.
A X Y B
0.24 0.15

(a) Find the probability that there is traffic congestion on a day.

(b) Find the probability that Matthew is late for work on a day.

7 5
14. In S5A, the probabilities that a student has a bicycle and a skateboard are and respectively.
10 12
1
The probability that a student has both a bicycle and a skateboard is . If a student is selected
4
randomly from S5A, find the probabilities that
(a) the student has a bicycle given that he / she has a skateboard,
(b) the student has a skateboard given that he / she has a bicycle,
(c) the student does not have a skateboard given that he / she has a bicycle.

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15. Box A contains 4 gold coins and 2 silver coins, and box B contains 3 gold coins and 4 silver coins.
(a) If a coin is drawn randomly from each box, find the probability that two gold coins are drawn.
(b) A coin randomly drawn from box A is put into box B, and then a coin is drawn randomly from
box B. Find the probability that a gold coin is drawn from box B.

16. There are two parts in a music examination: practical and theory. The probabilities that students
get excellent grades in practical and theory are 0.72 and 0.6 respectively, while the probability
that students get excellent grades in both parts is 0.48. Tina and Mary both sit for the music
examination.
(a) Given that Tina gets excellent grade in practical, find the probability that she also gets
excellent grade in theory.
(b) Given that Tina and Mary both get excellent grades in theory, find the probability that exactly
one of them gets excellent grade in practical.

17. In a city, 30% of the citizens are overweight. 68% of the overweight citizens and 38% of the
non-overweight citizens are males.
(a) If a citizen is randomly selected from the city, find the probability that he is a male.
(b) Three citizens are randomly selected with replacement. Given that there are at most 2 males,
find the probability that there is exactly 1 female. (Give your answer correct to 3 significant
figures.)

18. There are six $1 coins, one $2 coin and x $5 coins in Hazel’s bag, where x  1. It is given that if
2
two coins are picked at random, the probability of picking two coins with the same value is .
5
(a) Prove that 3x − 31x + 66 = 0.
2

(b) If two coins are picked at random, find the probability that the total value of the coins is less
than $4.

19. There are 4 red balls and 2 green balls in a bag. Ella and Ann take turns to draw a ball at random
from the bag without replacement. The person who gets two green balls first can get a prize. If Ella
draws first, find the probabilities that
(a) Ella gets the prize,
(b) Ann gets the prize,
(c) at most 4 balls are drawn until one of these two persons gets the prize.

20. In a pack of 52 playing cards (without jokers), two cards are randomly drawn from the pack of
cards without replacement. Find the probabilities that
(a) the two cards drawn are of the same colour,
(b) the two cards drawn are of the same suit given that the two cards drawn are of the same
colour.

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21. In a showcase, there are three brands of watches A, B and C. The profit from selling each watch
and the number of each brand of watches available are given below:
Brand A B C

Profit ($) 100 130 150

Number of watches 3 7 5

Carol randomly selects 2 watches from the showcase. Find the probabilities that
(a) only one brand A watch is selected,
(b) the total profit from selling the watches selected is greater than $250,
(c) the same brand of watches are selected given that the total profit from selling the watches
selected is greater than $250.

22. Both supermarkets A and B organize lucky draws for their customers. The probabilities for a
1 3
customer to get prizes from supermarkets A and B are and respectively. Selina is one of the
16 23
customers of both supermarkets. Given that she gets prizes from at least one of the supermarkets,
find the probability that she gets prizes from supermarket B.

23. There are less than 35 but more than 25 books on a bookshelf, and they are fiction books,
textbooks and travel books. The number of fiction books is 60% more than that of textbooks, and
the number of travel books is less than that of fiction books by 12.
(a) Find the number of each type of books on the bookshelf.
(b) If three books are selected from the bookshelf randomly, find the probabilities that
(i) three books are of different types,
(ii) at least one fiction book is selected given that at least one travel book is selected.

24. In a district, 37.5% of the residents are smokers, and 32% of the non-smokers have cancer. It is
given that 48.5% of the residents have cancer.
(a) Find the probability that a randomly selected smoker has cancer.
(b) Two residents are selected randomly from the district with replacement. Find the probability
that both of them are smokers and at least one of them has cancer. (Give your answer correct
to 3 significant figures.)

25. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the age distribution of an audience of 20 in a cinema.

Stem (tens) Leaf (units)

0 6 7 7 9
1 5 7 7 8 8 9
2 0 2 3 5 7 7 8
3 0 0 4

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

(a) Find the median age of the audience.

(b) Four people are randomly selected one by one without replacement from the audience. Find
the probability that at most three people aged above the median are selected.
(c) Among the audience, if the age of a person is above the median, the probability that he / she is
3 9
a member of the cinema club is ; otherwise, the probability is . Two people are randomly
5 20
selected one by one without replacement from the audience. Find the probability that exactly
one of them is a member of the cinema club.

1. There are 5 roses and 7 lilies in a vase. If three flowers are randomly selected from the vase, find
the probabilities that
(a) three roses are selected,
(b) three lilies are selected.

2. In a handball team, there are seven S1 students, three S2 students and six S3 students. If two
students are randomly selected from the team, find the probabilities that
(a) the two students come from the same form,
(b) the two students come from different forms.

3. To form a 4-digit password, 4 numbers are randomly selected from 1 to 9 without repetition. Find the
probabilities that
(a) all digits are odd numbers,
(b) the last digit is a multiple of 4.

4. A company has 20 employees, and 5 of them graduated from university A. 4 employees are
randomly selected from the company. Find the probabilities that
(a) exactly three of them graduated from university A,
(b) at least one of them did not graduate from university A.

5. Three letters are randomly selected one by one from the word EDUCATION. Find the probabilities
that
(a) exactly one of the letters selected is A,
(b) only one letter is a vowel,
(c) the first two letters are vowels and the last one is a consonant.

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12th onwards, February , 2022_2 weeks

6. There are 18 batteries in a box, and 3 of them are defective. If 6 batteries are randomly selected,
find the probabilities that
(a) exactly 1 battery selected is defective,
(b) at most 2 batteries selected are not defective,
(c) 4 or 6 batteries selected are not defective.

7. There are 10 subjects including Physics, Biology and Chemistry. Jason randomly selects 5 subjects.
Find the probabilities that
(a) only one of these three subjects is selected,
(b) Physics and Chemistry are selected,
(c) Biology is not selected.

8. There are 6 cups of tea, 14 cups of coffee and 8 cups of milk tea on the table. If 4 cups of drink are
randomly selected from the table, find the probabilities that
(a) drinks of the same type are selected,
(b) exactly 3 cups of milk tea are selected,
(c) at least 1 cup of each type of drink is selected.

9. Seven contestants participate in a singing competition, where Leslie and Francis are two of them.
They line up randomly at the backstage. Find the probabilities that
(a) Leslie and Francis stand next to each other,
(b) Leslie stands in the middle,
(c) Leslie and Francis do not stand next to each other and none of them stand at the front of the
line.

10. There are 8 students of different heights in a debate team. If 3 students are randomly selected from
the debate team to form a committee, find the probabilities that
(a) the shortest student is selected,
(b) the tallest student in the committee is the third tallest one in the debate team,
(c) the shortest and tallest students are not both selected.

11. If 5 males and 3 females queue up randomly at a ticket counter and 2 of them are adults, find the
probabilities that
(a) two females queue at the two ends,
(b) any two females do not queue next to each other,
(c) the two adults are separated by exactly two others in the queue.

12. There are 6 football clubs in a district. Each club sends 2 players to be its representatives to attend
a meeting. If 5 representatives are randomly selected from the meeting, find the probabilities that
(a) all of them come from different clubs,
(b) all of them come from at least 4 different clubs.

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13. There are 5 blue cards numbered 1 to 5, 7 red cards numbered 1 to 7, and 10 white cards numbered
1 to 10 in a bag. If three cards are randomly drawn from the bag, find the probabilities that
(a) cards of the same colour are drawn,
(b) exactly two cards with odd numbers are drawn,
(c) at most one card with a number less than 4 is drawn,
(d) at least one white card with a prime number is drawn.

14. Restaurant A has 9 chefs and 13 waiters. Restaurant B has 10 chefs and 14 waiters. If 4 persons are
selected from each restaurant randomly to work for a new restaurant, find the probabilities that
(a) four chefs are selected from one restaurant and four waiters are selected from another
restaurant,
(b) only one chef is selected,
(c) at least one chef and one waiter are selected from each restaurant, and the numbers of chefs
and waiters selected from both restaurants are the same.
(Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.)

15. In a Christmas party, there are 9 family members including Mr. and Mrs. Ng. They are arranged
randomly in two rows for a photo with four members in the front row. Find the probabilities that
(a) Mr. Ng stands in the back row and Mrs. Ng stands in the front row,
(b) Mr. and Mrs. Ng stand next to each other.

16. There are 10 pigs and 8 ducks in a farm.

(a) If 5 animals are selected at random from the farm, find the probabilities that
(i) at least four ducks are selected,
(ii) the number of pigs is more than that of ducks.
(b) If all these 18 animals are randomly divided into two groups A and B with nine animals each,
find the probabilities that
(i) there are four ducks in each group,
(ii) the number of pigs is more than that of ducks in group A.

17. Patrick has nine $20 banknotes, three $50 banknotes and four $100 bankn otes in his wallet. If three
banknotes are randomly drawn from his wallet, find the probabilities that
(a) banknotes of different face values are drawn,
(b) banknotes with the total value greater than $90 are drawn,
(c) banknotes with the total value greater than $90 are drawn given that the banknotes drawn are
of the same face value.

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18. In a cupboard, there are 6 cans of luncheon meat and 7 cans of baked bean of brand A, together
with 3 cans of luncheon meat and 8 cans of baked bean of brand B. If four cans are selected at
random from the cupboard, find the probabilities that
(a) exactly two cans of brand A are selected,
(b) only two cans of brand A are selected given that all selected cans are luncheon meat,
(c) four cans of baked bean are selected given that at least three selected cans are of brand B.

19. Marco has 9 red pens and 5 blue pens, while Jenny has 4 red pens and 10 blue pens . If all of their
pens are put into a bag, and six pens are randomly selected, find the probabilities t hat
(a) all of them are blue pens,
(b) at least four red pens are selected given that all pens selected are from Marco,
(c) only five pens selected are from Jenny given that only four blue pens are selected.

20. There are 4 queues at a bus terminus with 3 females and 4 males in each queue. Five passengers
are randomly selected from the bus terminus for an interview.
(a) Find the probability that all interviewees come from the same queue.
(b) Find the probability that all interviewees come from two of the queues.
(c) Given that all interviewees come from two of the queues, find the probability that the
interviewees from only one of the queues include exactly 2 females.

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