Youssef Hesham Alsoly's Intro to CS

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1. what is a Computer is an electronic data 11. what are 1- Central processing unit (CPU)
Computer? processing device the parts of 2- Types of memory
a computer 3- The hard disk
2. what does a 1- accepts and stores data input
hw? 4- Input and output devices
Computer do? 2- processes the data input
3- generates the output in a required 12. what is a it is one of the most important components
format CPU? within your computer. Usually made by Intel
3. what are the 5 1- Takes data as input. 13. what does a • It determines how fast your computer will run
functions of any 2- Stores the data/instructions and use CPU do?
computer? them when required. • the CPU which performs all the calculations
3- Processes the data and converts it within the computer
into useful information.
4- Generates the output. • The CPU speed is measured in GHz or MHz
5- Controls all the above four steps.
14. What is You can store data on your hard disk, while
4. what are the 1- High Speed computer data that is being processed is stored in
advantages of 2- Accuracy memory? RAM(Random Access Memory).
computers? 3- Storage Capability
4- Diligence Data which is stored on a hard disk can be
5- Versatility permanent, while data in RAM is only
6- Reliability temporary
7- Automation
8- Reduction in Paper Work Normally when people talk about memory in
9- Reduction in Cost relation to a PC, they are talking about RAM.
5. what are the 1- Not Intelligent machine 15. what is the • The RAM (Random Access Memory) within
disadvantages of 2- Dependency Memory your computer is where the operating system
computers? (RAM)? isloaded to when you switch on your
computer
6. what are some 1- Personal digital assistants (PDAs)
examples of small 2- Mobile (Cell) phones
• applications are copied to when you start an
portable digital 3- Smartphones
application
devices? 4- Multimedia players
7. What are the 1- Much smaller storage capacity • When you create data, (e.g. letters and
characteristics compared to a PC pictures), these are initially created and held in
Personal digital 2- slower than a PC unless you pay a RAM and then copied to disk when you save
assistants (PDAs)? lot extra. the data.
3- more expensive when compared to a
PC • the more RAM you have installed in your
4- the typical users are mostly business computer the better
users.
16. what is the Read Only Memory (ROM) is a special type of
8. how do Satellite Satellite phones use a signal coming ROM? memory chip which holds software which can
Phones work? from a satellite. They tend to be much be read but not written to.
more expensive to purchase and use.
While you should never be out of range, A good example is the ROM-BIOS chip, which
the satellite signal may be blocked by contains read-only software.
tall buildings.
9. what do all 1- Hardware (HW) Often network cards and video cards also
computer systems 2- Software (SW) contain ROM chips.
consist of?
10. what does Hardware : The term hardware refers to
hardware mean? the physical components of your
computer such as the system unit,
mouse, keyboard, monitor etc.
17. What is the • The ROM-BIOS (Read Only Memory - 25. what is milliseconds
ROM-BIOS? Basic Input Output System) chip is a measurement
special chip held on your computer's of the hard disk Hard disks are also measured by their
system (mother) board. SPEED? speed, defined by the disk access time,
which is measured in milliseconds.
• It contains software which is required to
make your computer work with your The smaller this access time the faster the
operating system hard disk will store or retrieve data
26. what is The disk storage capacity is measured in
• it is responsible for copying your
measurement Gigabytes (GBytes). 1 GByte is equivalent
operating system into RAM when you
of the hard disk to 1024 Mbytes.
switch on your computer.
CAPACITY?
18. what is the The picture which you see on your screen
27. what is De- When you use a PC,over a period of time
Video (graphics) is a form of data and this data has to be
fragmenting the files get broken up into separate
memory? stored somewhere
and why is it pieces which are spread all over the hard
useful? disk.
The on-screen pictures are held in special
memory chips called video memory
De-fragmentation means taking all the
chips; these chips are usually located on
broken up pieces and joining them back
the video card.
together again.
19. what is the use You use disks to store and data that you
28. what is a bit? Bit: Computer are digital. This means that
of disks? create.
work by processing ones and zeros. The
20. what is The Hard • Hard disks are the main, large data basic one or zeros is called a bit of
(Fixed) Disk and storage area within your computer. information.
its uses?
29. what is a byte? Byte: There are eights bots in a Byte.
• Hard disks are used to store your
so, Byte = 8 bit
operating system, your application
programs, and your data. 30. what are the 1- CDs
types of 2- DVDs
• They are much faster than CD/DVDs storage media? 3- USB flash drives
and can also hold much more data. 4- memory cards
5- internal hard disks
• Hard disks are installed within the 6- external hard disks
system unit of your computer. 7- network drives
5- on-line file storage.
21. What are The include ports such as USB, serial,
Input/Output parallel, network port and FireWire ports. 31. describe the 1- All PCs are supplied with an internet
Ports? they are normally located at the back or Internal hard hard disk.
on the side of your computer disks? 2-This is where the operating system (such
as Windows) is stored.
22. what does (USB) Universal Serial Bus
3- It is where you store your data (When
mean?
you install new applications, they are
23. what are the 1- CPU speed copied from CD or DVD to your internal
factors affecting 2- RAM size hard disk.)
computer 3- type of graphics card processor
32. describe the 1- these are secondary hard disks that you
performance? 4- memory
External hard can plug into your computer.
5- the number of applications running.
disks? 2- Normally connected via a USB cable.
24. what does CPU computer clock speed governs how fast 3- All things being equal, external disks
Clock speed do? the CPU will run, The higher the clock will normally be slower than internal hard
speed the faster the computer will work disks.
for you.

clock speed is measured in megahertz

(MHz)
33. describe the Within an office, it is normal that the 38. describe the Dot matrix printers work by firing a row of
Network computers are connected together via a Dot Matrix pins through an ink ribbon onto the paper.
drives? network, which: printers? The more pins the print head has the higher
1- allows you to store your data centrally, on the quality of the print, most modern dot
a network server matrix printers have 24 pins.Unfortunately,
2- This network server should be backed by dot matrix printers can generate a lot of noise
the IT support staff on a daily basis. and do not produce a very high quality of
print, especially when printing graphics. As a
34. what do allow you to input information to the
result, the inkjet printer has now largely
Input devices computer and include things such as the
replaced the dot matrix printer. Dot matrix
do? keyboard and mouse.
printers are used for high volume / low
35. What are 1- screens (monitors) quality printing, e.g. printing company
some 2- printers
39. What is The software is the collection of instructions
examples of 3-speakers
software? which makes the computer work.
Output 4- headphones.
devices? 40. What is an The operating system is a special type of
operating program which loads automatically when you
36. describe the A recent development is the ability not only
system? start your computer
Speech to display text on a monitor but also to read
synthesizers? the text to you. 41. what are 1- Word processing
some 2- Spreadsheets
1- Thus, you could receive a text email from a examples of 3- Databases
colleague and the system could read that software 4- Presentations
email to you. applications? 5- E-mailing
6- Web browsing
2- This is of enormous benefit to the visually 7- Photo editing
impaired when using a computer. 8- Computer games
42. what is a A word processing program (such as
3- it is now possible to use a microphone to
word Microsoft Word) allows you to produce
talk to the computer and for the computer to
processing letters, memos, etc.
directly convert the spoken word into text
application?
which will be displayed within say your
word-processor 43. what is a A database program (such as Microsoft
Database Access) allows you to compile information
Whilst these systems are far from foolproof application? and then to search this information to extract
they are getting better as more advanced just the information you require
software is being made available. 44. what is a an application used to view and interact with
37. describe the Laser printers produce high print quality at web the World Wide Web (WWW).
Laser high speed. They are called "laser printers" browsing
printers? due to the fact that they contain a small laser application?
within them. There is a wide range of laser 45. what is the The operating system works closely with the
printer manufacturers and one buzzword to difference hardware that you have installed within your
be aware of is Postscript, a type of printer between computer.
which is designed to give very high quality Operating
reproduction of pictures system and The application programs sit above the
application operating system, and make use of the
programs functionally built into the operating system.
They are specific to a particular task. For
instance Microsoft Word is designed as a
word processing program, while Microsoft
Excel is a spreadsheet program.
46. what are some There is a range of options to improve computer accessibility. These cover:
Accessibility options 1- Voice recognition software
2- Screen reader software
3- Screen magnifier software
4- On-screen keyboard.
47. describe the voice Voice recognition software lets you talk to a computer and use simple commands or sentences.
recognition software?
48. describe the screen Screen reader software is designed for the visually impaired and tries to interpret the contents of the
reader software? computer screen and then communicate that information in different formats, such as speech output,
sound icons or as Braille Output.
49. what is a computer virus? Viruses are small programs which hide themselves on your disks
Viruses can destroy all your data.
50. how to protect yourself Always make sure that all computers require an ID and password to access them. Make sure that all
against computer virus relevant 'security patches' from Microsoft have been applied.
infection?
Make sure that the password is long enough, contains a random mixture of numbers and letters, and that
the passwords are changed on a regular basis
51. What to do if you 1- If you discover a virus on your computer don't panic.
discover a virus on your 2- If your virus checker alerts you to a virus, then the chances are that it has caught the virus before the
computer? virus could infect your computer and cause damage.
52. what are the limitations Anti virus software can only detect viruses (or types of viruses) which the software knows about.
of anti virus software?
As such it is vital that you keep your anti virus software up to date so that it can detect new viruses
which are constantly appearing.