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Muscles

This document discusses the structure and types of human muscle. It describes three main types of muscle: skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control and enables movement; smooth muscle, which lines organs and blood vessels and is involuntary; and cardiac muscle, which makes up the heart. It provides details on the structure of muscle from the tissue level down to bundles of fibers surrounded by protective layers. It also gives an overview of some common muscular diseases and disorders such as muscular dystrophy, tendinosis, and myasthenia gravis.

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14 views5 pages

Muscles

This document discusses the structure and types of human muscle. It describes three main types of muscle: skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control and enables movement; smooth muscle, which lines organs and blood vessels and is involuntary; and cardiac muscle, which makes up the heart. It provides details on the structure of muscle from the tissue level down to bundles of fibers surrounded by protective layers. It also gives an overview of some common muscular diseases and disorders such as muscular dystrophy, tendinosis, and myasthenia gravis.

Uploaded by

Saad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Al - kitab university

College of Dentistry
First Stage

Muscles

Name_Ayad Tariq Ali


First Stage _Group. B
Supervise .Zainab Aziz Bakr
Introduction
Human muscle system, the muscles of the human
body that work the skeletal system, that are under
voluntary control, and that are concerned with
movement, posture, and balance. Broadly considered,
human muscle—like the muscles of all vertebrates—
is often divided into striated muscle (or skeletal
muscle), smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle. Smooth
muscle is under involuntary control and is found in
the walls of blood vessels and of structures such as
the urinary bladder, the intestines, and the stomach.
Cardiac muscle makes up the mass of the heart and is
responsible for the rhythmic contractions of that vital
pumping organ; it too is under involuntary control.
With very few exceptions, the arrangement of
smooth muscle and cardiac muscle in humans is
identical to the arrangement found in other vertebrate
animals.
Muscle Definition
A muscle is a group of muscle tissues which contract
together to produce a force. A muscle consists of
fibers of muscle cells surrounded by
protective tissue, bundled together many more fibers,
all surrounded in a thick protective tissue. A muscle
uses ATP to contract and shorten, producing a force
on the objects it is connected to. There are several
types of muscle, which act on various parts of the
body.
Structure of Muscle
A muscle consists of many muscle tissues bundled
together and surrounded by epimysium, a tough
connective tissue similar to cartilage. The epimysium
surrounds bundles of nerve cells that run in long
fibers, called fascicles. These fascicles are
surrounded by their own protective layer,
the perimysium. This layer allows nerves
and blood to flow to the individual fibers. Each fiber
is then wrapped in an endemism, another protective
layer. As seen in the image below, a muscle is
arranged in a basic pattern of bundled fibers
separated by protective layers
Some diseases and disorders of the
muscular system
Diseases and disorders of the muscular system
include dystrophy, tendinosis, FMS, mitochondrial
myopathy, myasthenia gravis, and tetanus.
*Muscular dystrophy is a group of diseases that
weaken the muscular system and make it harder to
move. The diseases are usually progressive – they get
worse over time – and affect proteins causing the
death of muscle cells.
*Tendinosis is a degenerative disease that causes
tendons to break down and form scar tissue when the
tendons are no longer able to repair themselves after
an injury. There are many commonly used
treatments, but they're not very effective.
Source_1. Colegrave M, Peckham M. Structural implications of B-cardiac
myosin heavy chain mutations in human disease. Anatomical Record. 2014 In
Press. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]2. . Mercuri E, Muntoni F. Muscular
dystrophies. Lancet. 2013; 381: 845--860 [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

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