THESIS/DISSERTATION FORMAT

PRELIMINARIES

TITLE PAGE
APPROVAL SHEET
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF APPENDICES

FORMAT FOR DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Chapter

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
Background of the Study
Scope and Limitation of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Definition of Terms

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Variables
Literatures (Local and Foreign)
Studies (Local and Foreign)

3 RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

Method of Research Used

Setting of the Study
Subject of the Study
Procedure of the Study
Sources of Data
Sampling Design and Sample
Construction of the Instrument
 Validation of the Instrument
Administration of the Instrument
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Treatment

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE

FORMAT FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Chapter

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
Background of the Study
Scope and Limitation of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis
Theoretical Framework
Conceptual Framework
Definition of Terms

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Variables
Literatures (Local and Foreign)
Studies (Local and Foreign)

3 RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

Research Method and Design

Setting of the Study
 Subject of the Study
Procedure of the Study
Sources of Data
Sampling Procedure
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Treatment

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings
Conclusions
Recommendations

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE

Contents
General Format of the Chapters and Other Considerations:
1. Use font size 12, Arial
2. Use double space in all discussions
3. On the first page of each chapter, start one (1) inch from the top of the page. The
chapter title is written in bold capital letters and centered
4. Chapter number is written in Arabic.
5. There should be an introduction for each chapter in paragraph form before the first
subtitle.
6. For subtitles, major words starts in capital letters, while most minor words starts in
lowercase letters.
 Major words: Nouns, verbs (including linking verbs), adjectives, adverbs,
pronouns, and all words of four letters or more are considered major words.
 Minor words: Short (i.e., three letters or fewer) conjunctions, short prepositions,
and all articles are considered minor words.
7. Subtitles should be written flushed to the left side of the page and bold. There should
be a double space before the start of each section.
8. There should be a continuous pagination from the first page of the chapter written in
Arabic on top right side of the page. The page number of the first page of each
chapter should not be reflected.
9. Only literatures and studies written within the past ten (10) years should be used.
FORMAT FOR DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form

Introduction
 Discussions are in paragraph form starting from the macro concepts
(international scenario) to the micro concepts (local) which will give an overview
of the research.
 It includes the legal bases of the study which supports the importance of the
research and the personal justification of the researcher.
 It also includes concepts and ideas from other sources stated by experts.
Acknowledgement of source is done in journal form. (Ex. Taylor, 2003)
 It should have a maximum of four (4) pages.

Background of the Study

The Background includes:

 the discussion of the problem situation as observed and experienced by the
researcher
 concepts and ideas related to the problem
 discussion on the existing or present conditions and what is aimed to be in the
future or the gap to be filled-in by the research
 it should have a maximum of two (2) pages

Scope and Limitation of the Study

 This section discusses the parameters of the research in paragraph form.
 It answers the basic questions: What? Where? When? Who? Why? How?
o What - the focus/topic of investigation and the variables considered in the
study
o Where - the venue or setting of the research
o When - the time frame by which the study was conducted
o Who - the subjects/respondents of the study and population sampling
o Why - the general objectives of the research
o How - the methodology of the research which may include the research
design, methodology and the research instrument
 It may also discuss why certain variables were not included in the research

Statement of the Problem

 The section should have an introductory statement.
 It should state the specific questions answered by the research (enumerated)
Hypothesis
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 It should state the hypothesis/hypotheses tested in the research.
 Hypothesis is stated in null hypothesis.

Theoretical Framework
 This section presents a theory or theories (maximum of three), which served as
the framework/s of the research.
 The main idea of the theory should be discussed followed by the discussion of its
relation to the study. The researcher should be able to anchor the research to the
theory or establish its relationship.
 It has a maximum of three (3) pages

Conceptual Framework
 This section is the researcher’s own conceptualization/interpretation of the study
through the use of a model. It describes the general outcome of the study from
the interplay of the different variables.
 The conceptual model is a figurative representation of the research framework
drawn in a separate page in the middle of its discussion.
 In the discussion, the researcher describes and explains the model, the meaning
of the figures, the content and the processes involved.
 All the variables involved in the study should be reflected in the model.

Definition of Terms
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 Terms or variables are listed and arranged in alphabetical order, written in bold
lowercase letters. Each word should start with a capital letter.
 Each variable is given a definition written immediately after each term in
sentence form. Operational definitions are necessary. Each entry should be in
hanging indentions format.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form.

Variables
Literatures (Local and Foreign)
Studies (Local and Foreign)

 Theories, concepts and ideas that will explain the meaning of every variable are
included.
  This section provides for the related literatures and studies, both foreign and
local, for each variable included in the research.
 Related studies for each variable are also presented in this section without
discussion on its parallelism to the present study.
 The discussion should also include how the variables were used in the present
study to explain its significance.
 The variables are discussed in order of their manifestation in the conceptual
model.
 A minimum of two (2) related literatures and two (2) related studies written within
the past ten (10) years are required for each variable.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form citing the different parts
or contents of the chapter.

Method of Research Used

 This section contains the discussions of the following contents in paragraph form:
o Research design, and
o Methods or techniques used as defined from different sources.
 A discussion on how this/these method/s was/were used in the present study.

Setting of the Study

 This section provides for the description in paragraph form of the venue or locale
where the study was conducted.
 If it consists of towns/province or any community, it may include geographical
descriptions, socioeconomic descriptions or any specific descriptions in relation
to what was studied.
 If it is an agency or institution, the description may include a brief history, vision
and mission, composition/structure, location, nature of the organization and
specific descriptions in relation to what was studied. There is no need to mention
names of persons.
 Programs being conducted in the setting/locale which are related to the research
should be mentioned.
 A map or diagram maybe provided as a figure presented in a separate page.

Subject of the Study

 This section describes the nature or characteristics of the
respondents/participants of the study. This may include the size of the population
and its important characteristics in relation to what was studied.
Procedure of the Study
 This section discusses in paragraph form the different activities undertaken to
complete the research which follows the general procedure of the study. A Gantt
Chart of Activities may guide the discussion.

Sources of Data
 This section deals with a detailed description of the research instrument/s used
in the research (questionnaire, test, structured interview, observation, actual
measurement using tools or equipment and others). Responses to the instrument
should be presented and discussed.

Sampling Design and Sample

 This section discusses the sample size and the sampling technique used to
determine the respondents
 The variables considered in case there are equating factors, the strata in case
of stratified sampling or percentages in case of proportional sampling
 A distribution table for the respondents or graphical presentation may be used to
describe the sample size which is followed by a discussion

Construction of the Instrument

 This section discusses the step by step procedure on how the research
instrument was conceptualized and constructed.

Validation of the Instrument

 In case of researcher-made instruments, the validation process should be
discussed and when statistical measures were used, figures of the results should
be presented.
 If the instrument was adopted, the author should be recognized and the source
should be properly documented.

Administration of the Instrument

 This section includes the discussion on how the research instrument was
administered, what medium was used, the time frame of administration and the
strategy employed in administration.

Data Gathering Procedure

 This section should discuss in paragraph form the different activities undertaken
to complete the research which follows the procedure of the study by answering
the statement of the problem one by one.

Statistical Treatment
 The statistical tool used for each question in the statement of the problem is
discussed under this section in paragraph form.
 Formulas need not to be written.
 Ranges used for descriptive statistics should be presented.
 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form.

 Subtitles of sections are based on the questions in the statement of the problem
stated in the declarative form, single-spaced and in bold letters.
 Table and Figure numbers and titles are written in capital lower case, at the
center and single-spaced. The title of the table or figure should come after the
table or figure number and should be arranged in an inverted pyramid.
 Tables and figures should be numbered in continuously. The table or figure
should be presented before its discussion. Enclosed tables with double line on
top should be used. Graphs should be colored.
 Discussions should follow the format: presentation of data, analysis and
interpretation, then implications. Related literature and studies may be used to
support/contradict the findings.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form.

Summary of Findings
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 Subtitles of the summary of findings should follow the statement of the problem.
Only averages or means and final values should be mentioned.
Conclusions
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 The conclusion should be based on the hypothesis/assumption of the study.
Recommendations
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 The recommendations should be based on the important results.
 It is suggested that concrete programs be the recommendations other than
general ideas.
 REFERENCES

 Enlist all the reference materials used in the Thesis or Dissertation classified into:

Books
Thesis/Dissertation
Journals/Newspapers/Magazines
Internet
 Format:
Author (Surname first in alphabetical order), title of book, publisher, place and
year of publication, written in hanging indention, single space within, double in
between each title, title of source written in bold face.

APPENDICES

 Letter of Appendices are separately written on top of the title, double-spaced, all
Capitals/ Upper case.
 Appendix title is written single-spaced Capital letter
 This may include:
Questionnaire/Test/Research Instrument and Table of Specification
Letter Requesting for Permission to Conduct the Study
Tables of Raw Scores
Schedule of Activities
Others

CURRICULUM VITAE

 Title CURRICULUM VITAE is written on top of the page in all capital letters and
bold.
 The name of the researcher written in all capital letters should be written after the
title heading, the permanent address should follow below the name, single-
spaced and centered.
 The Curriculum Vitae will have the following major parts: Work Experience,
Educational Background and Personal Information.
FORMAT FOR EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form

Introduction
 Discussions are in paragraph form starting from the macro concepts
(international scenario) to the micro concepts (local) which will give an overview
of the research.
 It includes the legal bases of the study which supports the importance of the
research and the personal justification of the researcher.
 It also includes concepts and ideas from other sources stated by experts.
Acknowledgement of source is done in journal form. (Ex. Taylor, 2003)
 It should have a maximum of four (4) pages.

Background of the Study

The Background includes:

 the discussion of the problem situation as observed and experienced by the
researcher
 concepts and ideas related to the problem
 discussion on the existing or present conditions and what is aimed to be in the
future or the gap to be filled-in by the research
 it should have a maximum of two (2) pages

Scope and Limitation of the Study

 This section discusses the parameters of the research in paragraph form.
 It answers the basic questions: What? Where? When? Who? Why? How?
o What - the focus/topic of investigation and the variables considered in the
study
o Where - the venue or setting of the research
o When - the time frame by which the study was conducted
o Who - the subjects/respondents of the study and population sampling
o Why - the general objectives of the research
o How - the methodology of the research which may include the research
design, methodology and the research instrument
 It may also discuss why certain variables were not included in the research

Statement of the Problem

 The section should have an introductory statement.
 It should state the specific questions answered by the research (enumerated)
Hypothesis
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 It should state the hypothesis/hypotheses tested in the research.
 Hypothesis is stated in null hypothesis.

Theoretical Framework
 This section presents a theory or theories (maximum of three), which served as
the framework/s of the research.
 The main idea of the theory should be discussed followed by the discussion of its
relation to the study. The researcher should be able to anchor the research to the
theory or establish its relationship.
 It has a maximum of three (3) pages

Conceptual Framework
 This section is the researcher’s own conceptualization/interpretation of the study
through the use of a model. It describes the general outcome of the study from
the interplay of the different variables.
 The conceptual model is a figurative representation of the research framework
drawn in a separate page in the middle of its discussion.
 In the discussion, the researcher describes and explains the model, the meaning
of the figures, the content and the processes involved.
 All the variables involved in the study should be reflected in the model.

Definition of Terms
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 Terms or variables are listed and arranged in alphabetical order, written in bold
lowercase letters. Each word should start with a capital letter.
 Each variable is given a definition written immediately after each term in
sentence form. Operational definitions are necessary. Each entry should be in
hanging indentions format.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form.

Variables
Literatures (Local and Foreign)
Studies (Local and Foreign)

 Theories, concepts and ideas that will explain the meaning of every variable are
included.
  This section provides for the related literatures and studies, both foreign and
local, for each variable included in the research.
 Related studies for each variable are also presented in this section without
discussion on its parallelism to the present study.
 The discussion should also include how the variables were used in the present
study to explain its significance.
 The variables are discussed in order of their manifestation in the conceptual
model.
 A minimum of two (2) related literatures and two (2) related studies written within
the past ten (10) years are required for each variable.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHOD AND PROCEDURE

 The chapter starts with an introductory paragraph citing the different parts
or contents of the chapter.

Research Method and Design

 This section contains the discussions of the following contents in paragraph form:
o Research design, and
o Methods or techniques used as defined from different sources.
 A discussion on how this/these method/s was/were used in the present study.

Setting of the Study

 This section provides for the description in paragraph form of the venue or locale
where the study was conducted.
 If it consists of towns/province or any community, it may include geographical
descriptions, socioeconomic descriptions or any specific descriptions in relation
to what was studied.
 If it is an agency or institution, the description may include a brief history, vision
and mission, composition/structure, location, nature of the organization and
specific descriptions in relation to what was studied. There is no need to mention
names of persons.
 Programs being conducted in the setting/locale which are related to the research
should be mentioned.
 In scientific and experimental researches, experimental or laboratory setting
should be thoroughly discussed.
 A map or diagram maybe provided as a figure presented in a separate page.

Subject of the Study

 This section describes the nature or characteristics of the
respondents/participants of the study. This may include the size of the population
and its important characteristics in relation to what was studied.
Procedure of the Study
 This section discusses in paragraph form the different activities undertaken to
complete the research which follows the general procedure of the study. A Gantt
Chart of Activities may guide the discussion.
 For experimental/scientific researches, an operational procedure of the
experiment should be presented which can be supported by a flow chart for
clarity.

Sources of Data
 This section deals with a detailed description of the research instrument/s used
in the research (questionnaire, test, structured interview, observation, actual
measurement using tools or equipment and others). Responses to the instrument
should be presented and discussed.
 In case of researcher-made instruments, the validation process should be
discussed and when statistical measures were used, figures of the results should
be presented.
 If the instrument was adopted, the author should be recognized and the source
should be properly documented.

Sampling Procedure
 This section discusses the sample size and the sampling technique used to
determine the respondents
 The variables considered in case there are equating factors, the strata in case
of stratified sampling or percentages in case of proportional sampling
 A distribution table for the respondents or graphical presentation may be used to
describe the sample size which is followed by a discussion.

Data Gathering Procedure

 This section should discuss in paragraph form the different activities undertaken
to complete the research which follows the procedure of the study by answering
the statement of the problem one by one.

Statistical Treatment
 The statistical tool used for each question in the statement of the problem is
discussed under this section in paragraph form.
 Formulas need not to be written.
 Ranges used for descriptive statistics should be presented.
 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form.

 Subtitles of sections are based on the questions in the statement of the problem
stated in the declarative form, single-spaced and in bold letters.
 Table and Figure numbers and titles are written in capital lower case, at the
center and single-spaced. The title of the table or figure should come after the
table or figure number and should be arranged in an inverted pyramid.
 Tables and figures should be numbered in continuously. The table or figure
should be presented before its discussion. Enclosed tables with double line on
top should be used. Graphs should be colored.
 Discussions should follow the format: presentation of data, analysis and
interpretation, then implications. Related literature and studies may be used to
support/contradict the findings.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 There should be a chapter introduction in paragraph form.

Summary of Findings
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 Subtitles of the summary of findings should follow the statement of the problem.
Only averages or means and final values should be mentioned.
Conclusions
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 The conclusion should be based on the hypothesis/assumption of the study.
Recommendations
 This section should have an introductory statement.
 The recommendations should be based on the important results.
 It is suggested that concrete programs be the recommendations other than
general ideas.
 REFERENCES

 Enlist all the reference materials used in the Thesis or Dissertation classified into:

Books
Thesis/Dissertation
Journals/Newspapers/Magazines
Internet
 Format:
Author (Surname first in alphabetical order), title of book, publisher, place and
year of publication, written in hanging indention, single space within, double in
between each title, title of source written in bold face.

APPENDICES

 Letter of Appendices are separately written on top of the title, double-spaced, all
Capitals/ Upper case.
 Appendix title is written single-spaced Capital letter
 This may include:
Questionnaire/Test/Research Instrument and Table of Specification
Letter Requesting for Permission to Conduct the Study
Tables of Raw Scores
Schedule of Activities
Others

CURRICULUM VITAE

 Title CURRICULUM VITAE is written on top of the page in all capital letters and
bold.
 The name of the researcher written in all capital letters should be written after the
title heading, the permanent address should follow below the name, single-
spaced and centered.
 The Curriculum Vitae will have the following major parts: Work Experience,
Educational Background and Personal Information.