Japanese

JAPANESE ESTABLISHMENT OF GOVERNMENT
Japanese Establishment of Government

 January 2, 1942 = Japanese entered Manila, and they established their government.
When Japanese forces entered Manila and took control of the city, it marked the
beginning of the Japanese occupation of the Philippines. Under Japanese rule, the
Philippines was declared an independent state, but this independence was largely a
façade, as the Japanese maintained control over the government and military.
Japanese Puppet Government

Known as the Second Philippine Republic, under the leadership of President
Jose P. Laurel. This government was not widely recognized, and its authority
was derived from Japanese occupation. The Japanese occupation was marked
by harsh rule, forced labor, and atrocities against the Filipino population, leading
to significant hardships and suffering for the Filipino people.
 George Vargas
= was the mayor of Manila when Japanese entered or took control of the city.
= Prominent Filipino lawyer and politician
= He served as mayor of Manila and collaborated with Japanese authorities as chairman
of the Philippine Executive Commission in 1942.
= Controversial for his role in the puppet government.
Japanese Plan Against America’s Liberating Forces

 Vice Admiral Ozawa from the south would engage the main American hiding forces that
were attempting to liberate the Philippines.
 Yamato and Musashi= the biggest battleship in the world at that time
The Japanese, led by Vice Admiral Jisaburō Ozawa, devised a plan to engage the main
American forces attempting to liberate the Philippines, using a diversionary tactic in the south.
The Japanese battleships Yamato and Musashi, among the largest ever built, were part of the
Japanese fleet during the battle. The Battle of Leyte Gulf resulted in a significant victory for the
Allied forces. Vice Admiral Ozawa’s diversionary tactics couldn’t prevent the main American
forces from achieving their objectives in the Philippines. The sinking of Musashi during the battle
was a notable loss for the Japanese.
Battle of Philippine Sea and the Liberation

 Admiral Halsey’s planes had already attacked the Mindanao and the Visayas Islands
 February 23, 1945 = Manila was finally retaken from the Japanese, marking a significant
step towards liberation.
Battle of the Philippine Sea (June 1944)
 Marianas Turkey Shoot = air Battle of the Philippine Sea

 This battle was a decisive victory for the United States, leading to the destruction of a large part
of the Japanese naval air forces. It effectively eliminated Japan’s ability to conduct large-scale
carrier-based aircraft operations.
Admiral Halsey’s Air Attacks
 Admiral William “Bull” Halsey’s aircraft had already attacked the Mindanao and the Visayas
Islands as part of the broader campaign to weaken Japanese positions in the Philippines.
Battle of Leyte Gulf (October 23-26, 1944)
• This was one of the largest naval battles in history, and it consisted of several distinct
actions within a larger campaign to retake the Philippines.
Liberation of Manila
 February 23, 1945 = American and Filipino forces successfully liberated Manila, the capital of the
Philippines, from Japanese occupation. This was a significant step in the Philippines’ liberation,
as part of General Douglas MacArthur’s promise to return and free the country from Japanese
control.
 General Douglas MacArthur
MacArthur famously and publicly vowed: “I shall return.” Henceforth, those three words
would serve as the general’s mantra until he fulfilled his promise on Oct. 20, 1944. On that
fateful day, MacArthur waded ashore on the Philippine island of Leyte, launching the US
operation to retake the archipelago.
Atomic Bombs
 On August 6, 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, which was
nicknamed "Little Boy."
•Little boy=nicknamed of the uranium bomb dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945

•Another atomic bomb, "Fat Man," was dropped on Kokura.
•Fat Man= nicknamed of the Plutonium bomb dropped in Kokura
•August 15, 1945= japan surrendered to the Allied forces bringing an end to World War II.
Economic Condition Under Japan rule:

 The Japanese occupation led to a decrease in production and poor domestication of
animals.
Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942-1945)

Japan occupied the Philippines for over 3 years, until the surrender of Japan. A highly
effective guerrilla campaign by Philippine resistance forces controlled sixty percent of the
islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas. MacArthur supplied them by submarine, and sent
reinforcements and officers. Filipinos remained loyal to the United States, partly because of the
American guarantee of independence, and also because the Japanese had pressed large numbers
of Filipinos into work details and even put young Filipino women into brothels.
•Bigasan ng Bayan= was organized to control distribution of food.

•Filipino were forced to eat Kangkong due to food shortages.
-Transportation
•Japanese officials took their cars, trucks and other forms of transportation away.
-Japanese Money
•Piat= Japanese Currency. It is also called by Filipino as Mickey Mouse
-Social Condition Under Japan

•The occupation was characterized by fear and hardship.
•It was life of horror.
•The Kempeitai, Japanese military police, committed atrocities, including the rape of women.
•Kempeitai= raped women.
CULTURAL INFLUENCES OF THE JAPANESE
-Entertainment
•There were theaters and movie houses that showed Japanese gloried films.
-Language
•Tagalog was encouraged to be used by the Filipinos and not English
-Education Under Japan

•They suppressed anything belonging to America and Spain.
•They wanted to propagate the Filipino culture.
•Teaching was done in Nipponggo and the Japanese wanted Filipino people to master that
language.
•Vocational Education was offered both Elementary and high school.

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JAPANESE ESTABLISHMENT OF GOVERNMENT

Japanese Establishment of Government

Japanese Puppet Government

Japanese Plan Against America’s Liberating Forces

Battle of Philippine Sea and the Liberation

Battle of the Philippine Sea (June 1944)

 Marianas Turkey Shoot = air Battle of the Philippine Sea

Admiral Halsey’s Air Attacks

Battle of Leyte Gulf (October 23-26, 1944)

•Little boy=nicknamed of the uranium bomb dropped in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945

Economic Condition Under Japan rule:

Japanese Occupation of the Philippines (1942-1945)

•Bigasan ng Bayan= was organized to control distribution of food.

-Social Condition Under Japan

CULTURAL INFLUENCES OF THE JAPANESE

-Education Under Japan

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