Lect 2
Lect 2
Lect 2
SYSTEM
ME 595
Lecture 2
• The electrical signals which are applied at the inputs and outputs can be, in principle,
divided into two different groups:
Binary Signal
• Control engineering, a frequent DC voltage of 24V is used as a “control
supply voltage“ A voltage level of + 24V at an input clamp means that the
signal status is “1“ for this input. Accordingly 0V means that the signal
status is “0“.
• Binary signal can only take the two values (signal statuses) “0“ or “1“. Such
a binary signal is also designated as an equivalent binary digit and receives
the designation of “Bit“
• While a binary signal only provides a grouping of a bivalent size/e.g. for door
open/door close), one can form e.g. a number or digit as digital information
by the bundling of equivalent binary digits.
Binary Signal
• Figure shows a logic string of Ladder instructions that represents two
normally open contacts connected in series to a coil.
• The contacts are labelled “I” for “input” and the coil is labelled “Q” for
“output.”
Binary Signal
• Figure shows a logic string of Ladder instructions that represents two
normally open contacts connected in parallel to a coil.
• The contacts are labelled “I” for “input” and the coil is labelled “Q” for
“output.”
Analogue Signal
• Contrary to a binary signal that can accept only signal statuses („Voltage
available +24V“ and “Voltage available 0V“, there are similar signals that
can take many values within a certain range when desired.
• If similar measurements are processed with a PLC, then the input must be
converted into digital information to a voltage, current or resistance value.
One calls this transformation analog to digital conversion (A/D conversion).
• This means, that e.g. a voltage level of 3.65V is deposited as information into
a set of equivalent binary digits.
• The more equivalent binary digits for the digital representation will be used,
in order for the resolution to be finer.
• Usually in control engineering, the A/D converter is changed with the 8th or
11th bit. 256 single areas are normally provided, but with 8 or 11 bits, you
can have 2048 single areas.
Analogue Signal
Analogue Signal
Numbering System
Decimal System:
For the processing of the addresses of memory cells, inputs, outputs, times, bit
memories etc. by a programmable controller, the binary system is used instead
of the decimal system.
• The binary number system uses only the numbers 0 and 1, which are easily
represented and evaluated in data processing.
• In order to represent large numerical values more clearly, the BCD code
(binary coded decimal number) is frequently used. The decimal numbers are
represented with the help of the binary number system.
• Each decimal number is coded individually. The number of 285 consists e.g.
of three decimal digits.
• Integral decimal numbers are divided by the base 2 until the result of zero is
obtained. The remainder obtained with the division (0 or 1) results in a
binary number. One needs to also consider the direction that the
“remainders“ are written in. The remainder of the first division is the first
right bit (low order width unit bit).
TERMS FROM COMPUTER SCIENCE
TERMS FROM COMPUTER SCIENCE
TERMS FROM COMPUTER SCIENCE
TERMS FROM COMPUTER SCIENCE
Signal Module Address
Signal Module Address
Signal Module Address
Signal Module Address
Signal Module Address
Thermocouple
AI 2X12 Bit