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Material Science Tutorials

Mechanical Properties
MDPS133

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Summary
Engineering (Nominal) Curve:
• =

• =
• = (elastic values only)
• =
• = ∗
• Ductility: %= ∗ 100, %= ∗ 100

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Summary

True Curve:
• =

ln (up to M’)
• =
ln (beyond M’)
• = (from the onset of plastic deformation to the point at which necking begins)

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Summary

Engineering-True Conversion:
• = 1+
• = ln 1 +
** Note:
The previous two equations are valid only to the onset of necking;
beyond this point, true stress and strain should be computed from actual
load, cross-sectional area, and gauge length measurements.

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Summary
Poisson’s Ratio:
=− =−

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Summary
When the yield point is not distinct:

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Example 1
A specimen of aluminum having a rectangular cross section 10
mm×12.7 mm is pulled in tension with 35,500 N force, producing only
elastic deformation. Calculate the resulting strain.
Solution
• = 10 ∗ 12.7 = 127
,
• = = = 279.53
• = 70 (For aluminum)
.
• = = = 0.004
,

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Example 2
A cylindrical specimen of a titanium alloy having an elastic modulus of 107 GPa
and an original diameter of 3.8 mm will experience only elastic deformation when a
tensile load of 2000 N is applied. Compute the maximum length of the specimen
before deformation if the maximum allowable elongation is 0.42 mm.
Solution
• = ∗ 3.8 = 11.34
,
• = = = 176.37
.
.
• = = = 0.00165
,
∆ .
• = = = 254.55
.

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Example 3
For a bronze alloy, the stress at which plastic deformation begins is 275
MPa, and the modulus of elasticity is 115 GPa.
a) What is the maximum load that may be applied to a specimen with a
cross-sectional area of 325 mm2 without plastic deformation?
• = ∗ = 275 ∗ 325 = 89,375
b) If the original specimen length is 115 mm, what is the maximum
length to which it may be stretched without causing plastic
deformation?
• = = = 0.00237
,
• = 1+ = 115 ∗ 1.00237 = 115.273

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Example 4
A cylindrical rod of copper (E =110 GPa), having a yield strength of 240 MPa
is to be subjected to a load of 6660 N. If the length of the rod is 380 mm,
what must be the diameter to allow an elongation of 0.50 mm?
Solution
• = = ,
= 0.00218
∆ .
• = = = 0.00132 < (Hook’s law is applicable)
• = = 110,000 ∗ 0.00132 = 145.2
∗ .
• = = = 45.868 → = = = 7.642
.

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Example 5
A cylindrical bar of steel 10 mm in diameter is to be deformed elastically by
application of a force along the bar axis. Using the data in Table 6.1,
determine the force that will produce an elastic reduction of 3*10-3 mm in the
diameter.
Solution
∆ .
• = =− =− = −0.0003
.
• =− =− = 0.001
.
• = = 207,000 ∗ 0.001 = 207
• = = 207 ∗ ∗ 10 = 16,257.74

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Example 6
A cylindrical specimen of a hypothetical metal alloy is stressed in
compression. If its original and final diameters are 20.000 and 20.025 mm,
respectively, and its final length is 74.96 mm, compute its original length if
the deformation is totally elastic. The elastic and shear moduli for this alloy
are 105 GPa and 39.7 GPa, respectively.
Solution
∆ .
• = = = = 0.00125
• = 2 (1 + ) → = −1= − 1 = 0.3224
∗ .
.
• = = = 0.00388
.
.
• = → = = = 75.252
.

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Example 7
A brass alloy is known to have a yield strength of 275 MPa, a tensile strength
of 380 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 103 GPa. A cylindrical specimen of
this alloy 12.7 mm in diameter and 250 mm long is stressed in tension and
found to elongate 7.6 mm. Based on the information given, is it possible to
compute the magnitude of the load that is necessary to produce this change in
length? If so, calculate the load. If not, explain why.
Solution
• = = ,
= 0.00267
.
• = = 0.0304 >
• Computation of the load is not possible.
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