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Final Physics A Ad

Aaditya, a class 12 student, completed a physics project on finding the refractive indices of different liquids using a hollow prism. The project involved measuring the angle of minimum deviation for liquids like benzaldehyde, water, and diluted sulphuric acid using the hollow prism setup. The refractive indices calculated from these observations were close to the actual known values, with the largest difference being 0.042. The aim of the project was to determine refractive indices experimentally and verify theoretical values.

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86 views12 pages

Final Physics A Ad

Aaditya, a class 12 student, completed a physics project on finding the refractive indices of different liquids using a hollow prism. The project involved measuring the angle of minimum deviation for liquids like benzaldehyde, water, and diluted sulphuric acid using the hollow prism setup. The refractive indices calculated from these observations were close to the actual known values, with the largest difference being 0.042. The aim of the project was to determine refractive indices experimentally and verify theoretical values.

Uploaded by

rroy9301389
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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JAWAHAR NAVODAYA

VIDYALAYA
AMBEDKAR NAGAR
[Type the document title]

SESSION 2023-24
2023

PHYSICS
INVESTRIGATORY
NAME:AADITYA
NAME:
PROJECT CLASS: XII
ROLL NO:
NO
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that AADITYA of class XII has


successfully completed the project on PHYSICS on the
topic “To find out the refractive indices of different liquids
using a hollow prism” for class XII practical examination of
the central board of secondary education in year 2023-24.

Sign. of subject teacher :

Sign. of Principal :

School stamp:

Sign. of Examiner :
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of


gratitude to my physics teacher “Mr.SURENDRA
YADAVA” for their able to guidance and support
in completing my project.
I would like to extend my gratitude to the principal
“Mr.AJEET KUMAR SINGH” for providing me
all the facility that was required.
INDEX

1. CERTIFICATE
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
4. APPARATUS REQUIRED
5. THEORY
6. PROCEDURE
7. OBSERVATIONS
8. CONCLUSIONS
9. PRECAUTIONS

10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aim of the experiment

To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a


hollow prism

Apparatus Required

 Hollow glass prism


 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing board
Theory

A prism is a transparent
optical element with flat,
polished surfaces that refract
light. Prisms can be
made from any material that is
transparent including glass,
plastic and fluorite. A prism
can be used to break light up
into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms can also be used to
reflect light, or to split light into components with different
polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid


Is given by the formula:
U=sin i/sin r=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help


of drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal


PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on the
marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of


incidence.
Observation

 Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

 Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
 Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion
Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
 Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
o
 Dil . Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions

 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and


incident ray.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 www.google.in
 www.cbse.nic.in
 www.icbse.com

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