Data Handling

Data: A collection of numerical figures giving some particular type of information is called
data.

Raw Data: Data obtained in the original form is called raw data.

Array: Arranging the numerical figures of a data in ascending or descending order is called
an array.

Tabulation of data: Arranging the data in a systematic form in the form of a table is called
tabulation of the data.

Observation: Each numerical figure in a data is called an observation.

Frequency of an observation: The number of times each particular observation occurs is

called its frequency.

Mean (of ungrouped data): The mean of some given observations is defined as

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

Mean =
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

Median (of ungrouped data): After arranging the given data in ascending or descending order
of magnitude, the value of the middle-most observation is called the median of the data.

Method for finding the median (of an ungrouped data):

Arrange the given data in ascending or descending order of magnitude. Let the total number
of observations be n.

1
Case 1: When n is odd Median = value of 2(n+1)th observation

1 𝑛 𝑛
Case 2: When n is even Median = 2 {( 2 )th observation + ( 2 + 1)th observation}

Mode: Mode is the value of the variable which occurs most frequently.

Bar Graph: A bar graph is a pictorial representation of numerical data in the form of
rectangles (or bars) of equal width and varying heights.
Double Bar Graph: A double bar graph is a bar graph used for displaying two sets of
frequency data for each data group. It is used for comparison of information related to two
sets of data.

The probability of occurrence of an event E is

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐸

P(E) =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡

Choose the correct option (MCQ):

Q.1 Which of the following is the mean of the given data?

(a) The middle value of the data arranged in ascending or descending order
(b) The value of the observation occurring most frequently
(c) The sum of all the values of the data divided by the total number of values
(d) None of these

Q.2 Which measure describes the centre of a set of data?

(a) Mode (b) Mean (c) Median (d) All the these

Q.3 The data which is collected directly from the source is called

(a) primary data (b) ungrouped data (c) grouped data (d) secondary data

Q.4 The median of 1, 4, 1, 2, 0, 1, 4, 2, 2 is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4

Q.5 The range of 35, 40, 22, 17, 65, 31, 78, 33 is

(a) 35 (b) 17 (c) 61 (d) 33

Q.6 Find the mean if the sum of 18 observations is 90.

(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 9

Q.7 The arithmetic mean of five given numbers is 85. What is their sum?

(a) 425 (b) 85 (c) A number between 85 and 425

(d) A number greater than 500

Q.8 Two dice are thrown, find the total number of outcomes.

(a) 12 (b) 6 (c) 36 (d) None of these

Q.9 How many possible outcomes can we get if we toss a coin and throw a dice respectively?

(a) 6, 2 (b) 2, 6 (c) 1, 3 (d) 3, 1

Q.10 The median of the data 20, 30, 40, 10,15, 25, 35 is

(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 40

Q.11 The approximate mean of the first six prime numbers is

(a) 7.83 (b) 5.83 (c) 6.83 (d) 4.83

Q.12 In a data, 9 numbers are arranged in increasing order. If the 7th entry is increased by 4,

by how much does the median increase?

(a) Zero (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 5

Q.13 The average weight of a sample of 10 apples is 52 g. Later it was found that the

weighing machine had shown the weight of each apple 10 g less. What is the correct average

weight of an apple?

(a) 62 g (b) 54 g (c) 56 g (d) 52 g

Q.14 The mean weight of 100 students in a class is 46 kg. The mean weight of boys is 50 kg

and of girls is 40 kg. Therefore, the number of boys is:

(a) 50 (b) 60 (c) 70 (d) 65

Q.15 The mean of 6, y, 7, x and 14 is 8. Which of the following is true?

(a) x+y = 13 (b) x-y = 13 (c) 2x+3y = 13 (d) x2 +y = 15

Level - 1
1. The marks (out of 100) obtained by a group of students in a Social Studies test are

84, 75, 90, 84, 39, 46, 56, 95, 80 and 72. Find:

(i) the highest and lowest marks obtained by the students,

(ii) Range of the marks obtained.
2. Calculate the range for the following data giving the daily sales (in Rs.) of a shop for a

week 180, 150, 135, 138, 165, 142, 160

3. Find the mean of

(i) the numbers 40, 43, 50, 37, 32, 38, 52, 55, 40, 58
(ii) the monthly income of 6 labourers which are Rs.70 , Rs. 42, Rs. 85, Rs. 75, Rs. 68, Rs.55
(iii) the marks obtained by 10 students in a Physics test 13, 16, 14, 9, 18, 11, 7, 10, 12, 20
4. Find the median of the following data

(i) 35, 27, 23, 20, 15, 25, 40, 26, 23, 20 (ii) 22, 17, 19, 27, 23, 15

5. The following figures represent the number of books issued at the counter of a school
library on 12 different days: 75, 98, 96, 102, 200, 610, 94, 75, 80, 100, 180, 270. Find the
mean, median and mode of the given data.
6. The following data is on production of motorcycles by a company.

Years 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

No. of motorcycles 16,000 17,000 15,500 18,000 19,000 16,500
produced
Draw a bar graph to represent the above data.

7. By using a suitable scale for the given data, draw a double bar graph to compare students
of class XI and class XII for different sports

Sport Class XI Class XII

Hockey 30 35
Badminton 60 50
Football 40 45
 Cricket 70 85
Tennis 35 80
Also find:

(i) How many students of class XII like football and cricket?

(ii) The ratio of students who like tennis in Class XII to students who like football in

Class XI?

8. In a train station, the following observations were recorded regarding no. of passengers
availing local trains and express trains from Monday to Friday in a particular week:

Day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Local Trains 400 600 350 550 500
Express Trains 150 100 200 300 250
Draw a double bar graph choosing an appropriate scale.

9. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 well shuffled cards. What is the probability that:

(i) It is a Jack? (ii) It is a red card?

10. A bag contains 3 red balls and 4 white balls. One ball is drawn from the bag. Find the
probability that the drawn ball is white.

Answers

MCQ
1.(c) 2.(c) 3.(a) 4.(c) 5.(c) 6.(a) 7.(a) 8.(c) 9.(b) 10.(b) 11.(c) 12.(a)
13.(a) 14.(b) 15.(a)

Level - 1
1.(i)95 and 39 (ii) 56 2. Rs.45 3.(i)44.5 (ii)Rs.65.83 (iii)13 4.(i)24 (ii)20.5

1 1 4
5.Mean = 165, Median = 99, Mode = 75 7.(i)130 (ii)2:1 9.(i) 13 (ii) 2 10. 7