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Aclt100 Assignment

The document summarizes schema theory and its contribution to understanding reading. Schema theory proposes that readers use their background knowledge to interpret and make meaning from text. It originated from the work of British psychologist Frederic Bartlett in 1932, who found that recall of stories involved reconstructing experiences based on prior knowledge rather than exact reproduction. There are different types of schemas that help with reading comprehension, including formal schemas about text structures, content schemas about topic information, and linguistic schemas about language. Reading models have evolved from bottom-up processing of symbols to top-down use of background knowledge to interactive models where both occur simultaneously. Strategies like pre-reading, active reading, and post-reading help apply schema theory in comprehending texts.

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56 views4 pages

Aclt100 Assignment

The document summarizes schema theory and its contribution to understanding reading. Schema theory proposes that readers use their background knowledge to interpret and make meaning from text. It originated from the work of British psychologist Frederic Bartlett in 1932, who found that recall of stories involved reconstructing experiences based on prior knowledge rather than exact reproduction. There are different types of schemas that help with reading comprehension, including formal schemas about text structures, content schemas about topic information, and linguistic schemas about language. Reading models have evolved from bottom-up processing of symbols to top-down use of background knowledge to interactive models where both occur simultaneously. Strategies like pre-reading, active reading, and post-reading help apply schema theory in comprehending texts.

Uploaded by

Cindy Ngwenya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Samukelisiwe Mazibuko

Student number: 221080701


Group number: 3
Course : ACLT100
Date: 16 November 2021
Lecturer : Solomon Ghebregziabher
Assignment topic: Schema theory and contribution it has
made to our understanding of reading
Introduction
The Schema theory it a process of using readers available information to interpret text in
order to construct meaning, it is one of the cognitivists learning theory, it stated by the work
of British and was developed by American education. The schema theory it teaches how to
make sure the emotional are met in a right way that will not cause distress. The knowledge is
putted in measurements, within the knowledge information is stored.

In this paragraph it explains the history of schema theory in early times and in modern time
as it explains how knowledge is being made and treated, they also develop in a change of in
new experiences. (F.C. Bartlett,1932) was the person who wrote about schema as they
applied to procedural memory as the procedural and declarative was not made at that time.
E.g., movement driving a car was not a simply a matter of stimulus response, it does not
produce an exact copy of a previous thing, but it creates something new. Past experiences
helped making sense of new experiences by supplying with expectations and frameworks for
action.

In this paragraph we discuss about types of schemata, the first ono is formal schema which is
a background information of the formal and it the knowledge of the ways in which different
genres are presented, Richards et al ,2000). Secondly is content schema which contain
information about what happening in a certain topic and how does it happened related to each
other to form a coherent whole, (Carreli and Eisterhold, 1983). Thirdly which is seems as a
reader’s prior linguistic knowledge about phonetics, grammar and vocabulary as traditional
recognised, Eskey and Grabe, 1988).

This paragraph it describes how links between schema and reading discuss model of reading
firstly bottom-up model of reading it is a process that hold the view that reading is process of
building symbols into words, words to sentences and sentence to overall meaning which
reflect traditional attitude toward reading. Secondly there is top-down model which emphasis
the use of readers’ real-world knowledge into a memory, the reading process the readers take
lager measures of meaning of text at a time and try to match what is already in their mind the
meaning derives from the text. (Kenneth, 1967). Thirdly there is interactive model it
concludes that the bottom-up and top-down models have limitations, these two models claim
that prior knowledge and prediction facilities the processing of input from text. In interaction
reading these two models which are bottom-up and top-down should happened in all levels
simultaneously. (Rumelhart, 1980).
The discussion of strategies of reading first there is pre reading it the process of skimming a
text to locate key ideas before carefully reading a text from start to finish. In other ways to
understand pre reading it encompasses all thing you done before you even start reading, to
increase capacity to understand the material ( Nordquist, 2019). Secondly there is while
reading you need to predict texts you about to read, you must find what is important for you
to know and summarize your work and doing mind maps write topics you about to read.
Always start reading with the topics you understand first before reading difficult ones.
Thirdly is post reading doing the retelling of the post, summarize learning, check what you
can understand and also make ideas, organize the thoughts and it can also be used to show
understanding of a text. (k-12 (no name) (2012).
Conclusion
In conclusion as schema theory is used to affect our cognitive process and are also used to
organise the knowledge, it assists us, look our behaviour let people know what is happening
and people also get experiences. For a person to do well in reading is better to follow up the
ways that are being given to understand a topic. these strategies that a mentioned can also be
helpful to slow learners at school. In order to experience other things, you need to
communicate with others and get close to the ones that know better than you.
List of references
Kumelhart, D. 1980. Schemata, Building blocks of cognition, issues in reading
comprehension, Hillsdale, N, Erlbaum.
Carrel, P.et al. (no year). Interaction approaches to second language reading, Cambridge.
Barlett, F. 1932. A study in experimental and social psychology, London, Shanghai foreign
education publication.
Ausubel, D. 1967. Learning theory and classroom practise, the Ontario institution for studies
in education, page 99-107.

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