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HISTORY OF
PROGRAMMING

Cristian Regalón Hernández 29/10/2023

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Index
History of programming 3
Precursors of programming languages 3
Post-war advances 4
Cold War era. 5
Current programming. 7
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History of programming
Precursors of programming languages
First of all, programming is about writing a language that a machine is capable of interpreting
in order to communicate with it and control it.

The precursor of programming was not even created for a computer, in the 19th century by a
woman named Augusta Ada Byron.

Although she has been called Ada Lovelace, she translated the notes of an analytical machine
by the Englishman Charles Babbage from an Italian mathematician. The data for this machine
was entered using cards which were punched.

And when they were introduced into the machine, it read the position of the holes and was
capable of reading data. With this information Ada Lovelace created a method to calculate
Bernoulli numbers with these same cards that were punched, this is considered the first
computer program created.
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We go to the 20th century during the beginning of the Second World War, electrical computers
had already emerged but they were still slow in executing tasks and had little memory, which is
why long calculations still had to be done by hand and also machine language was I had to
write by hand.

ENIAC, first electric computer

At the end of the war the German Konrad Zuse.

He created the Plankalkül language, a prototype of the first

high-level programming language, but it was never used.

Post-war advances
In the 1950s, with the war over and computers increasingly on the rise, programming
languages being improved year after year were not left aside and also began to develop
enormously.

Another woman named Grace Murray Hopper.

American and who worked in the navy created the first

compiler called AO at the request of the American navy
itself. The creation of this compiler allowed creating binary
programs from source code.
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IBM engineer John Backus also created the Fortran language, which is considered the first high-
level and functional programming language used for scientific purposes. At the same time,
other languages were also created at this time, such as LISP created by John McCarthy at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which quickly became the favorite language for AI
development and data processing. Finally, in this period, just 1 year after Lisp, the Cobol
language was created with the intention of creating a universal programming language that
could be used on all computers and that was managed in business, created by computer
manufacturers. . Users and the United States Department of Defense.

Jhon Backus and Jhon McCarthy

Cold War era.

During this period of time, which also coincides with the golden age of capitalism, there was a
boom in research in practically all sectors, this of course also development of programming.

Ken Thomson and Dennis Ritchie created the C

programming language, this is the first
programming language that was object-oriented. It
was a low-level language invented with the idea of
being able to rewrite UNIX. The creation of this
language was so important that even today it is
one of the most used despite being more than 50
years old. Other very important languages also Ejemplo de código C
appeared such as Pascal or SQL.
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Pascal was another language developed in 1970 as a descendant of ALGOL, with this language
the operating systems of the Apollo and Macintosh computers were created, as well as the
Adobe Photoshop program. It was created by the Swiss Niklaus Wirth.

Pascal code example

SQL was created 4 years after Pascal, created to design, manage and recover information from
database systems, it allowed the handling of algebra and rational calculation. It was created by
IBM for its computers but ended up becoming a standard.

Example of a server with SQL code

Only 9 years after SQL, in 1983 the C++ language was created, a language created to extend C
and add mechanisms that allow the manipulation of objects. Created by Bjarne Stroustup.
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Today it is one of the 5 most used languages.

Current programming.
Most of the most modern languages were created in the mid-90s, each designed for multiple
and different objectives:

Java (1995): Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems,

which is characterized by its portability and wide use in web and mobile applications.

JavaScript (1995): Although often confused with Java, JavaScript is an interpreted programming
language used primarily to program interactions on web pages.

Python (1991): Python is a high-level programming language known for its readability and
versatility. It has become one of the most popular languages today. When it came out it wasn't
very famous but it became much more used over time.
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PHP (1995): PHP is a scripting language widely used for web development, especially in
creating dynamic websites.

C# (C Sharp, 2000): C# is a language developed by Microsoft as part of its .NET platform. It is

used in a variety of applications, including Windows applications and game development.

Swift (2014): Swift is a programming language developed by Apple for developing applications
on iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS.

Rust (2010): Rust is a systems programming language that focuses on security and
performance. It is widely used in low-level software development.

Kotlin (2011): Kotlin is a programming language developed by JetBrains that runs on the Java
Virtual Machine (JVM). It is a popular alternative to Java in Android application development.

Go (Golang, 2009): Go is a programming language developed by Google that focuses on

efficiency and concurrency. It is widely used in server applications and distributed systems.