Concordion

About the Tutorial

Concordion is a powerful tool, written in Java, that is used to write and manage automated
acceptance tests. It is distributed under the Apache Software License. Its clean and simple
concepts make it very easy to learn and use. Concordion can be used along with .NET,
Python, Fantom, Scala, and Ruby languages.

Audience
This tutorial has been prepared for beginners to help them understand the basic
functionality of Concordion tool.

Prerequisites
Before proceeding with this tutorial, one needs to have a good understanding of Java
programming language and basic HTML.

Copyright & Disclaimer

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of the publisher.

We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as
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Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our
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in this tutorial, please notify us at [email protected]

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 Concordion

Table of Contents
About the Tutorial .................................................................................................................................... i

Audience .................................................................................................................................................. i

Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................................ i

Copyright & Disclaimer............................................................................................................................. i

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... ii

1. CONCORDION – OVERVIEW................................................................................................. 1

What is Concordion? ............................................................................................................................... 1

Active Software Specification .................................................................................................................. 1

Output of Concordion ............................................................................................................................. 1

Key Features ........................................................................................................................................... 1

2. CONCORDION – ENVIRONMENT.......................................................................................... 3

Step 1 - Setup Java Development Kit (JDK) .............................................................................................. 3

Step 2 - Setup Eclipse IDE ........................................................................................................................ 3

Step 3: Download Junit Archive ............................................................................................................... 4

Step 4: Set JUnit Environment ................................................................................................................. 5

Step 5: Set CLASSPATH Variable .............................................................................................................. 5

Step 6 - Setup Concordion Libraries ......................................................................................................... 5

3. CONCORDION – FIRST APPLICATION ................................................................................... 7

Step 1 - Create Java Project ..................................................................................................................... 7

Step 2 - Add Required Libraries ............................................................................................................... 9

Step 3 - Create Source Files ..................................................................................................................... 9

Step 4 - Create Specification Files .......................................................................................................... 10

Step 5 - Running the Program................................................................................................................ 14

4. CONCORDION – SET COMMAND ....................................................................................... 16

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 Concordion

5. CONCORDION – ASSERTEQUALS COMMAND .................................................................... 19

6. CONCORDION – ASSERTTRUE COMMAND......................................................................... 22

7. CONCORDION – ASSERTFALSE COMMAND........................................................................ 25

8. CONCORDION – EXECUTE COMMAND .............................................................................. 28

9. CONCORDION – RETURNING OBJECT ................................................................................ 31

10. CONCORDION – RETURNING MAP..................................................................................... 35

11. CONCORDION – RETURNING MULTIVALUERESULT............................................................ 38

12. CONCORDION – EXECUTE ON TABLE ................................................................................. 41

13. CONCORDION – EXECUTE ON LIST..................................................................................... 45

14. CONCORDION – VERIFYROWS COMMAND ........................................................................ 49

15. CONCORDION – RUN COMMAND...................................................................................... 54

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 1. CONCORDION – OVERVIEW Concordion

What is Concordion?
Concordion is a powerful tool to write and manage automated acceptance tests in Java
based projects. It directly integrates with JUnit framework, making it ready to be used
with all popular Java based IDEs like Netbeans, Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA.

Active Software Specification

Active software specification is a way to specify the behavior of a feature. It also provides
a way to implement and verify the software specification by having a connection with the
system under development.

An active specification in Concordion is of two parts:

1. A cleanly written requirement document which describes the desired functionality

written using XHTML. XHTML based specifications contain descriptions of the
functionality provided with acceptance test examples. Example's data is marked
using simple HTML tags.

2. Acceptance tests are written in Java language called fixture code. Using a
Concordion extension of a standard JUnit test case, tests are implemented. It is the
responsibility of the Fixture Code to find the example's data marked by tag and use
them to verify the software under development.

Output of Concordion
When Concordion active specification tests are run, the output XHTML files show the
original specification and test results. Successful tests are highlighted using "green" color
and failed tests are highlighted using "red". Any change in the system will result in failing
the test, which ensures that the specifications are always up-to-date. Concordion terms
these specifications as active specifications.

Key Features
Following are the key features of Concordion:

 Specifications as documentation - Concordion specifications, being highly

readable, can be used as active system documentation. As Concordion based
specifications are written in HTML, these documents can be hyperlinked.

 Specifications are live - Concordion specifications contain working examples of

behavior which are executed against the system. Specifications are color-coded so
that any one can see whether the examples are working or not. Executing
Concordion specifications regularly makes the documentation up-to-date.

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 Concordion

 Separate "what?" from "how?" - Concordion specifications help separate the

implementation and the required behavior of the system. It provides flexibility to
change an implementation later on.

 Simple to learn - Concordion library is very concise. It has very few commands
to learn and examples are automated using JUnit tests so that tests can be run
easily and can be integrated with existing projects easily.

 Powerful Customization - Concordion provides extensions API which allows to

add functionality. For example, Excel spreadsheets can be used as specifications,
screenshots can be added to the output, logging information can be displayed, and
much more

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 2. CONCORDION – ENVIRONMENT Concordion

Here we will see how to prepare a development environment to make use of Concordion.
Before using Concordion, you need to set up JDK, Tomcat, and Eclipse on your system.
Let's go step by step.

Step 1 - Setup Java Development Kit (JDK)

You can download the latest version of JDK from Oracle's Java site: Java SE Downloads.
You will find instructions for installing JDK in downloaded files. Just follow the given
instructions to install and configure the setup. Finally set the PATH and JAVA_HOME
environment variables to refer to the directory that contains java and javac, typically
java_install_dir/bin and java_install_dir respectively.

If you are running Windows and you have installed the JDK in C:\jdk1.7.0_75, you would
have to put the following line in your C:\autoexec.bat file.

set PATH=C:\jdk1.7.0_75\bin;%PATH%
set JAVA_HOME=C:\jdk1.7.0_75

Alternatively, on Windows NT/2000/XP, you could also right-click on My Computer, select

Properties, then Advanced, and Environment Variables. Then, you would update the PATH
value and press the OK button.

On Unix (Solaris, Linux, etc.), if the SDK is installed in /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_75 and you use
the C shell, you would put the following into your .cshrc file.

setenv PATH /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_75/bin:$PATH

setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_75

Alternatively, if you are using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like Borland
JBuilder, Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, or Sun ONE Studio, then compile and run a simple program
to confirm that the IDE knows where you installed Java, otherwise do proper setup as
given in the document of the IDE.

Step 2 - Setup Eclipse IDE

All the examples in this tutorial have been written using Eclipse IDE. So we would suggest
you should have the latest version of Eclipse installed on your system.

To install Eclipse IDE, download the latest Eclipse binaries

fromhttp://www.eclipse.org/downloads/. After downloading the installation, unpack the binary
distribution into a convenient location. For example in C:\eclipse on Windows, or
/usr/local/eclipse on Linux/Unix and finally set the PATH variable appropriately.

Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands in Windows environment, or

you can simply double click on eclipse.exe

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%C:\eclipse\eclipse.exe

Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands on a Unix (Solaris, Linux,
etc.) machine:

$/usr/local/eclipse/eclipse

After a successful startup, if everything is fine, then it should display the following result:

Step 3: Download Junit Archive

Download the latest version of JUnit jar file from http://www.junit.org. At the time of writing
this tutorial, we downloaded Junit-4.10.jar and copied it into C:\>JUnit folder.

OS Archive name

Windows junit4.10.jar

Linux junit4.10.jar

Mac junit4.10.jar

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Step 4: Set JUnit Environment

Set the JUNIT_HOME environment variable to point to the base directory location where
JUnit jar is stored on your machine. Let's assume we've stored junit4.10.jar in the JUNIT
folder, then you need to take any of the following actions depending on the OS you are
working on:

OS Action

Windows Set the environment variable JUNIT_HOME to C:\JUNIT

Linux export JUNIT_HOME=/usr/local/JUNIT

Mac export JUNIT_HOME=/Library/JUNIT

Step 5: Set CLASSPATH Variable

Set the CLASSPATH environment variable to point to the JUNIT jar location. Let's assume
we've stored junit4.10.jar in the JUNIT folder, then you need to take any of the following
actions based on the OS you are working on:

OS Action

Windows Set the environment variable CLASSPATH to

%CLASSPATH%;%JUNIT_HOME%\junit4.10.jar;.;

Linux export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JUNIT_HOME/junit4.10.jar:.

Mac export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JUNIT_HOME/junit4.10.jar:.

Step 6 - Setup Concordion Libraries

Now you can proceed to set up your Concordion libraries. Follow the simple steps given
below to download and install the framework on your machine.

Download the latest version of Concordion framework binaries from

http://dl.bintray.com/Concordion/downloads/Concordion-1.5.1.zip.

At the time of writing this tutorial, we downloaded Concordion-1.5.1 on our Windows

machine. When you unzip the downloaded file, it will give you the following directory
structure inside E:\Concordion-1.5.1.

 lib - Library folder

o hamcrest-core-1.3.jar

o junit-4.12.jar

o ognl-2.6.9.jar

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 Concordion

o xom-1.2.5.jar

 src - Source code folder

o main

o test

o test-dummies

 Concordion-1.5.1.jar

You will find all the Concordion dependency libraries in the directory E:\Concordion\lib.
Make sure you set your CLASSPATH variable on this directory properly, otherwise you will
face problems while running your application. If you are using Eclipse, then it is not
required to set CLASSPATH because all the setting will be done through Eclipse.

Once you are done with this last step, you are ready to proceed for your first Concordion
Example which you will see in the next chapter.

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 3. CONCORDION – FIRST APPLICATION Concordion

Let us start programming with Concordion. Before you start writing your first example
using Concordion, you have to make sure that you have set up your Concordion
environment properly as explained in Concordion - Environment Setup tutorial. We also
assume that you have a little bit working knowledge of Eclipse IDE.

So let us proceed to write a simple Concordion application which will print the following
acceptance test:

Example
When Robert logs in the system, a greeting "Hello Robert!" is displayed.

Step 1 - Create Java Project

The first step is to create a simple Java project using Eclipse IDE. Follow the option File -
> New -> Project and finally select Java Project wizard from the wizard list. Now name
your project as Concordion using the wizard window as follows:

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 Concordion

Once your project is created successfully, you will have the following content in
yourProject Explorer:

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 Concordion

Step 2 - Add Required Libraries

Let us add concordion and its dependencies in our project. To do this, right-click on your
project name concordion and then follow the options available in the context menu: Build
Path -> Configure Build Path to display the Java Build Path window as follows:

Now use Add External JARs button available under Libraries tab to add the following
core JAR from the Concordion folder.

 concordion-1.5.1

 hamcrest-core-1.3

 junit-4.12

 ognl-2.6.9

 xom-1.2.5

Step 3 - Create Source Files

Now let us create actual source files under the concordion project. First, we need to
create a package called com.tutorialspoint. To do this, right-click on src in the package
explorer section and follow the option : New -> Package.

Next, we will create System.java file under the com.tutorialspoint package.

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 Concordion

Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class System {
public String getGreeting(String userName){
return "Hello " + userName + "!";
}
}

Step 4 - Create Specification Files

Now let us create actual specification files under the concordion project. First, we need
to create a new source folder named specs. This folder will contain specification files like
JUnitFixture or test runner and html files which are specifications. Now we need to create
a package called specs.tutorialspoint. To do this, right-click on specin the package
explorer section and follow the option : New -> Package.

Next, we will create System.html and SystemFixture.java files under the

specs.tutorialspoint package. Thereafter, we will add concordion.css under specs source
folder.

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Here is the content of the System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking
application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to show greeting to logged in user:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>When <span concordion:set="#userName">Robert</span> logs in the
system, a greeting "<span
concordion:assertEquals="getGreeting(#userName)">Hello Robert!</span>" is
displayed.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Here is the content of the SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public String getGreeting(String userName){
return system.getGreeting(userName);
}
}

Here is the content of the concordion.css file:

* {
font-family: Arial;
}
body {

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 Concordion

padding: 32px;
}
pre {
padding: 6px 28px 6px 28px;
background-color: #E8EEF7;
}
pre, pre *, code, code *, kbd {
font-family: Courier New, Courier;
font-size: 10pt;
}
h1, h1 * {
font-size: 24pt;
}
p, td, th, li, .breadcrumbs {
font-size: 10pt;
}
p, li {
line-height: 140%;
}
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
empty-cells: show;
margin: 8px 0px 8px 0px;
}
th, td {
border: 1px solid black;
padding: 3px;
}
td {
background-color: white;
vertical-align: top;
}
th {
background-color: #C3D9FF;
}
li {
margin-top: 6px;
margin-bottom: 6px;
}

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 Concordion

.example {
padding: 6px 16px 6px 16px;
border: 1px solid #D7D7D7;
margin: 6px 0px 28px 0px;
background-color: #F7F7F7;
}
.example h3 {
margin-top: 8px;
margin-bottom: 8px;
font-size: 12pt;
}
.special {
font-style: italic;
}
.idea {
font-size: 9pt;
color: #888;
font-style: italic;
}
.tight li {
margin-top: 1px;
margin-bottom: 1px;
}
.commentary {
float: right;
width: 200px;
background-color: #ffffd0;
padding:8px;
border: 3px solid #eeeeb0;
margin: 10px 0px 10px 10px;
}
.commentary, .commentary * {
font-size: 8pt;
}

There are two important points to note about the specification html file and the Test
Fixture:

 System.html is the specification html file that uses the concordion namespace.

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<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">

 System.html uses concordion:set command to set a value of temporary variables

userName to be Robert. Here, userName is the parameter to be passed to the
getGreeting method of System fixture.

When <span concordion:set="#userName">Robert</span> logs in the system

 System.html uses concordion:assertEquals command to check the output of

getGreeting(userName) function to be Hello Robert!.

a greeting "<span concordion:assertEquals="getGreeting(#userName)">

Hello Robert!</span>" is displayed.

 SystemFixture is a JUnit test fixture annotated with ConcordionRunner.class.

@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {

 SystemFixture has a getGreeting method that returns greetings to the user.

public String getGreeting(String userName){

return system.getGreeting(userName);
}

Step 5 - Running the Program

Right-click on the content area of SystemFixture and select Run as > JUnit Test Case.
You will see the following output with junit success.

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 1, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

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 Concordion

Congratulations, you have created your first Concordion Acceptance test successfully.
Further, let us start doing something more interesting in the next few chapters.

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 4. CONCORDION – SET COMMAND Concordion

Concordian set command is used to store temporary variables that can be used in other
concordian commands.

Consider the following requirement:

The sum of two numbers 2 and 3 will be 5.

If we want the numbers 2 and 3 to be as parameters and pass them to the sum function
as parameters so that they can be verified against the result returned by the system, then
we can use concordian:set command within the span tags around the numbers.

<p>The Sum of two numbers <span concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</span>

and <span concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</span> will be
<span concordion:assertEquals="sum(#firstNumber, #secondNumber)">5
</span>.</p>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set a temporary variable #firstNumber to
be the value "2" and #secondNumber to be the value "3" and then call the sum() method
with parameters as #firstNumber and #secondNumber and check that the result is equal
to "5".

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordian and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add the required concordian libraries using Add External JARs option as explained
in the Concordian - First Example chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

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Here is the content of the System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class System {
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return firstNumber + secondNumber;
}
}

Following is the content of the SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return system.sum(firstNumber, secondNumber);
}
}

Following is the content of the System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Calculator Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building online calculator support in our website.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to add two numbers:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>The Sum of two numbers <span concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</span>
and <span concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</span> will be <span
concordion:execute="#result = sum(#firstNumber, #secondNumber)"></span><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result">5</span>.</p>
</div>

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</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit test. If everything is fine with your application, it will produce the following result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 1, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of concordian test run.

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5. CONCORDION – ASSERTEQUALS COMMAND Concordion

Concordion assertEquals command is used to check java bean property or method result
against a specified value.

Consider the following requirement

The Sum of two numbers 2 and 3 will be 5.

If we want numbers 2 and 3 to be as parameters and pass them to sum function as

parameter so that it can be verified against the result as 5 returned by the system then
we can use concordion:assertEquals command within span tag around the sum function.

<p>The Sum of two numbers <span concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</span>

and <span concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</span> will be
<span concordion:assertEquals="sum(#firstNumber, #secondNumber)">5</span>.</p>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set a temporary variable #firstNumber to
be the value "2" and #secondNumber to be the value "3" using set command and then
call the sum() method with parameters as #firstNumber and #secondNumber and check
that the result is equal to "5" using assertEquals command.

Example
Let us have working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the following steps to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as

explained in the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under

the specs.tutorialspoint package.

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specificiation
file and run the application as explained below.

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Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class System {
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return firstNumber + secondNumber;
}
}

Following is the content of SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return system.sum(firstNumber, secondNumber);
}
}

Following is the content of System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Calculator Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building online calculator support in our website.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to add two numbers:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>The Sum of two numbers <span concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</span>
and <span concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</span> will be
<span concordion:assertEquals="sum(#firstNumber,
#secondNumber)">5</span>.</p>
</div>

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</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, this will show the following result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 1, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

Successes: 1, Failures: 0

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6. CONCORDION – ASSERTTRUE COMMAND Concordion

Concordion assertTrue command is used when the fixture needs to know the expected
result in order to perform a test.

Consider the following requirement:

User Name : Robert De

The User name starts with R.
The User name starts with S == false.

If we want a test to be executed on the User Name and check whether the user name
starts with R or not.

<p>User Name :<span concordion:set="#userName">Robert De</span></p>

<p>The User name <span
concordion:assertTrue="#userName.startsWith(#letter)">starts
with <b concordion:set="#letter">R</b></span>.</p>
<p>The User name <span
concordion:assertTrue="#userName.startsWith(#letter)">starts
with <b concordion:set="#letter">S</b></span>.</p>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set a temporary variable #userName to be
the value "Robert De". Then it will check if the userName starts with the letter specified
by #letter variable set in next command.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add the required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained
in the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

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6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

Here is the content of the System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class System {
}

Following is the content of the SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
}

Following is the content of the System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking
application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to split full name of a logged in user to
its constituents by splitting name by whitespace:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>User Name :<span concordion:set="#userName">Robert De</span></p>
<p>The User name <span
concordion:assertTrue="#userName.startsWith(#letter)">starts
with <b concordion:set="#letter">R</b></span>.</p>
<p>The User name <span
concordion:assertTrue="#userName.startsWith(#letter)">starts
with <b concordion:set="#letter">S</b></span>.</p>
</div>

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</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 1, Failures: 1

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

24
7. CONCORDION – ASSERTFALSE COMMAND Concordion

Concordion assertFalse command is used when the fixture needs to know the expected
result in order to perform a test.

Consider the following requirement:

User Name : Robert De

The User name does not start with S.

If we want a test to be executed on the User Name and check that the user name does
not start with S.

<p>User Name :<span concordion:set="#userName">Robert De</span></p>

<p>The User name <span
concordion:assertFalse="#userName.startsWith(#letter)">does not start
with <b concordion:set="#letter">S</b></span>.</p>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set a temporary variable #userName to be
the value "Robert De". Then, it will check if the userName starts with the letter specified
by #letter variable set in next command.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add the required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained
in the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

25
 Concordion

Here is the content of the System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class System {
}

Following is the content of the SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
}

Following is the content of the System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking
application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to split full name of a logged in user to
its constituents by splitting name by whitespace:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>User Name :<span concordion:set="#userName">Robert De</span></p>
<p>The User name <span
concordion:assertFalse="#userName.startsWith(#letter)">does not start
with <b concordion:set="#letter">S</b></span>.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html

26
 Concordion

Successes: 1, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

27
 8. CONCORDION – EXECUTE COMMAND Concordion

Concordion execute command is used run the operation of concordion fixture. Consider
the following requirement:

The sum of two numbers 2 and 3 will be 5.

If we want to write a specification for a sum function which will accept two numbers and
output their sum, then the specification will be as follows:

<p>The Sum of two numbers <span concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</span> and

<span concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</span> will be
<span concordion:execute="#result = sum(#firstNumber,
#secondNumber)"></span><span concordion:assertEquals="#result">5</span>.</p>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set a temporary variable #firstNumber to
be the value "2" and #secondNumber to be the value "3" and then execute the sum()
method with parameters as #firstNumber and #secondNumber using the execute
command and set the result into #result variable and check that the #result variable is
equal to "5".

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained in
the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

28
 Concordion

Here is the content of the System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class System {
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return firstNumber + secondNumber;
}
}

Following is the content of the SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return system.sum(firstNumber, secondNumber);
}
}

Following is the content of the System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Calculator Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building online calculator support in our website.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to add two numbers:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>The Sum of two numbers <span concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</span>
and <span concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</span> will be <span
concordion:execute="#result = sum(#firstNumber, #secondNumber)"></span><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result">5</span>.</p>
</div>

29
 Concordion

</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 1, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

30
 9. CONCORDION – RETURNING OBJECT Concordion

Concordion execute command can be used to get the result of a behavior in the form of
object using which we can get multiple outputs of a behavior. For example, consider the
following requirement:

The full name Robert De is to be broken into first name Robert and last name
De.

Here we need to have a spilt function which accepts a user name and returns a result
object having the first name and the last name as its properties so that we can use them.

If we want to write a specification for such a split function which will expect a user name
and output a result object, then the following will be the specification:

<p>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result = split(#TEXT)">Robert

De</span> is to be broken into first name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span> and last name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span>.</p>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set the value of the special variable #TEXT
as the value of the current element as "Robert De" and pass it to the spilt function. Then
it will execute the spilt() method with parameters as #TEXT using the execute command
and set the result into the #result variable and using the result object, print the firstName
and the lastName properties as the output.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with the name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add the required Concordion libraries using the Add External JARs option as
explained in the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System, Result under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

31
 Concordion

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

Here is the content of Result.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class Result {
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
}

Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class System {
public Result split(String userName){
Result result = new Result();
String[] words = userName.split(" ");
result.setFirstName(words[0]);
result.setLastName(words[1]);
return result;
}
}

32
 Concordion

Following is the content of SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import com.tutorialspoint.Result;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public Result split(String userName){
return system.split(userName);
}
}

Following is the content of System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking
application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to split full name of a logged in user to
its constituents by splitting name by whitespace:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result = split(#TEXT)">Robert
De</span> is to be broken into first name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span> and last name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span>.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating the source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html

33
 Concordion

Successes: 1, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

34
 10. CONCORDION – RETURNING MAP Concordion

Concordion execute command can be used to get the result of a behavior in the form of a
Map using which we can get multiple outputs of a behavior. For example, consider the
following requirement:

The full name Robert De is to be broken into its first name Robert and last
name De.

Here we need to have a spilt function which accepts a user name and returns a Map object
having the firstName and the lastName as its keys having corresponding values so that
we can use them.

If we want to write a specification for such a split function which will accept a user name
and output a result object, then the following will be the specification:

<p>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result = split(#TEXT)">Robert

De</span> is to be broken into first name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span> and last name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span>.</p>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set the value of the special variable #TEXT
to be the value of the current element as "Robert De" and pass it to the spilt function.
Then it will execute the spilt() method with parameters as #TEXT using the execute
command and set the result into the #result variable and using result map, print the
firstName and lastName values as output.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add the required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained
in the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

35
 Concordion

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class System {
public Map split(String userName){
Map<String, String> result = new HashMap<String, String>();
String[] words = userName.split(" ");
result.put("firstName", words[0]);
result.put("lastName", words[1]);
return result;
}
}

Following is the content of SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import java.util.Map;
import com.tutorialspoint.Result;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public Map<String, String> split(String userName){
return system.split(userName);
}
}

Following is the content of System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

36
 Concordion

</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking
application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to split full name of a logged in user to
its constituents by splitting name by whitespace:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result = split(#TEXT)">Robert
De</span> is to be broken into first name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span> and last name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span>.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating the source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 1, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

37
11. CONCORDION – RETURNING MULTIVALUERESULT Concordion

Concordion execute command can be used to get the result of a behavior in the form of a
Map using which we can get multiple outputs of a behavior. For example, consider the
following requirement:

The full name Robert De is to be broken into its first name Robert and last
name De.

Here we need to have a spilt function which accepts a user name and returns a Map object
having firstName and lastName as its keys with their corresponding values so that we can
use them.

If we want write a specification for such a split function which will accept a user name and
output a result object, then the specification would be as follows:

<p>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result = split(#TEXT)">Robert

De</span> is to be broken into first name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span> and last name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span>.</p>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set the value of the special variable #TEXT
to be the value of current element as "Robert De" and pass it to the spilt function. Then it
will execute the spilt() method with parameters as #TEXT using execute command and
set the result into the #result variable and using result map, print the firstName and
lastName values as the output.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with the name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add the required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained
in the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

38
 Concordion

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.api.MultiValueResult;
public class System {
public MultiValueResult split(String userName){
MultiValueResult result = new MultiValueResult();
String[] words = userName.split(" ");
result.with("firstName", words[0]).with("lastName", words[1]);
return result;
}
}

Following is the content of SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.api.MultiValueResult;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public MultiValueResult split(String userName){
return system.split(userName);
}
}

Following is the content of System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>

39
 Concordion

<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking

application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to split full name of a logged in user to
its constituents by splitting name by whitespace:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<p>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result = split(#TEXT)">Robert
De</span> is to be broken into first name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span> and last name <span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span>.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating the source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 2, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

40
 12. CONCORDION – EXECUTE ON TABLE Concordion

Concordion execute command can be used to run the operation of concordion fixture in a
repeating manner. For example, it will be useful if we want to illustrate a requirement with
multiple examples in the form of a table.

Consider the following requirement:

<table>
<tr><th>First Number</th><th>Second Number</th><th>Sum</th></tr>
<tr><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>5</td></tr>
<tr><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>9</td></tr>
</table>

If we want to write a specification for a sum function which will accept two numbers and
output their sum, then the specification would be as follows:

<table>
<tr><th>First Number</th><th>Second Number</th><th>Sum</th></tr>
<tr concordion:execute="#result = sum(#fullName)">
<td concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</td>
<td concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</td>
<td concordion:assertEquals="#result">5</td>
</tr>
<tr concordion:execute="#result = sum(#fullName)">
<td concordion:set="#firstNumber">4</td>
<td concordion:set="#secondNumber">5</td>
<td concordion:assertEquals="#result">9</td>
</tr>
</table>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set a temporary variable #firstNumber to
be the value "2" and #secondNumber to be the value "3". Then it will execute the sum()
method with parameters as #firstNumber and #secondNumber using execute command
and set the result into the #result variable and check that the #result variable is equal to
"5". This process is repeated for each table row element.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

41
 Concordion

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained in
the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
public class System {
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return firstNumber + secondNumber;
}
}

Following is the content of SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return system.sum(firstNumber, secondNumber);
}
}

42
 Concordion

Following is the content of System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Calculator Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building online calculator support in our website.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to add two numbers:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>First Number</th>
<th>Second Number</th>
<th>Sum</th>
</tr>
<tr concordion:execute="#result = sum(#firstNumber, #secondNumber)">
<td concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</td>
<td concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</td>
<td concordion:assertEquals="#result">5</td>
</tr>
<tr concordion:execute="#result = sum(#firstNumber, #secondNumber)">
<td concordion:set="#firstNumber">4</td>
<td concordion:set="#secondNumber">5</td>
<td concordion:assertEquals="#result">9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating the source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 2, Failures: 0

43
 Concordion

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

44
 13. CONCORDION – EXECUTE ON LIST Concordion

Concordion execute command can be used to run the operation of concordion fixture in a
repeating manner. For example, it will be useful if we want to illustrate a requirement with
multiple examples in the form of a list.

Consider the following requirement:

<ul>
<li>The full name Robert De is to be split as
<ul>
<li>Robert</li>
<li>De</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The full name John Diere is to be split as
<ul>
<li>John</li>
<li>Diere</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

If we want write a specification for a split function which will split a name into its first
name and last name, then the specification would be as follows:

<ul>
<li>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result = split(#TEXT)">Robert
De</span> is to be splited as
<ul>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span></li>
<li><span concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result = split(#TEXT)">John
Diere</span> is to be splited as
<ul>
<li><span concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">John</span></li>

45
 Concordion

<li><span concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">Diere</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

When Concordion parses the document, it will set the value of the special variable #TEXT
to be the value of the current element as "Robert De" and pass it to the spilt function.
Then it will execute the spilt() method with parameters as #TEXT using execute command
and set the result into #result variable and using result, print the firstName and lastName
values as the output.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained in
the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.api.MultiValueResult;
public class System {
public MultiValueResult split(String userName){
MultiValueResult result = new MultiValueResult();
String[] words = userName.split(" ");
result.with("firstName", words[0]).with("lastName", words[1]);
return result;

46
 Concordion

}
}

Following is the content of SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.api.MultiValueResult;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public MultiValueResult split(String userName){
return system.split(userName);
}
}

Following is the content of System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking
application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to split full name of a logged in user to
its constituents by splitting name by whitespace:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<ul>
<li>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result =
split(#TEXT)">Robert De</span> is to be splited as
<ul>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span></li>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span></li>

47
 Concordion

</ul>
</li>

<li>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result =

split(#TEXT)">John Diere</span> is to be splited as
<ul>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">John</span></li>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">Diere</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 4, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

48
14. CONCORDION – VERIFYROWS COMMAND Concordion

Concordion verifyRows command can be used to check the content of a collection returned
as a result by the system. For example, if we set up a set of users in the system and do a
partial search on them, then the system should return the matching elements, otherwise
our acceptance tests should fail.

Consider the following requirement:

<table>
<tr><th>Users</th></tr>
<tr><td>Robert De</td></tr>
<tr><td>John Diere</td></tr>
<tr><td>Julie Re</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Search for J should return:</p>
<table>
<tr><th>Matching Users</th></tr>
<tr><td>John Diere</td></tr>
<tr><td>Julie Re</td></tr>
</table>

If we want write a specification for such a search function which will search and return a
collection, then the specification will be as follows:

<table concordion:execute="addUser(#username)">
<tr><th concordion:set="#username">Username</th></tr>
<tr><td>Robert De</td></tr>
<tr><td>John Diere</td></tr>
<tr><td>Julie Re</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Search for "<b concordion:set="#searchString">J</b>" should return:</p>
<table concordion:verifyRows="#username : search(#searchString)">
<tr><th concordion:assertEquals="#username">Matching Usernames</th></tr>
<tr><td>John Diere</td></tr>
<tr><td>Julie Re</td></tr>
</table>

When Concordion parses the document, it will execute addUser() on each row of the first
table and then set the searchString to be J. Next, Concordion will execute the search
49
 Concordion

function which should return a Iterable object with a predictable iteration order, (e.g. a
List, LinkedHashSet or a TreeSet), verifyRows runs for each item of the collection and runs
the assertEquals command.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add the required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained
in the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture class SystemFixture under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html System.html under the specs.tutorialspoint package.

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.TreeSet;
public class System {
private Set<String> users = new HashSet<String>();
public void addUser(String username) {
users.add(username);
}
public Iterable<String> search(String searchString) {
SortedSet<String> matches = new TreeSet<String>();
for (String username : users) {
if (username.contains(searchString)) {

50
 Concordion

matches.add(username);
}

}
return matches;
}
}

Following is the content of SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public void addUser(String username) {
system.addUser(username);
}
public Iterable<String> search(String searchString) {
return system.search(searchString);
}
}

Following is the content of System.html file:

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking
application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to add a partial search capability on user
names:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<table concordion:execute="addUser(#username)">

51
 Concordion

<tr><th concordion:set="#username">Username</th></tr>
<tr><td>Robert De</td></tr>

<tr><td>John Diere</td></tr>
<tr><td>Julie Re</td></tr>
</table>
<p>Search for "<b concordion:set="#searchString">J</b>" should
return:</p>
<table concordion:verifyRows="#username : search(#searchString)">
<tr><th concordion:assertEquals="#username">Matching
Usernames</th></tr>
<tr><td>John Diere</td></tr>
<tr><td>Julie Re</td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating the source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 2, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

52
Concordion

53
 15. CONCORDION – RUN COMMAND Concordion

Concordion run command can be used to link multiple specifications together and display
them at one central page. This command can run all the specifications, while displaying
the link's background in green / red / gray as appropriate.

Now we are going to create two specifications and link them together. We'll be reusing the
specifications created in Concordion - Execute on List and Concordion - Execute on Table
chapters as System Specifications and Calculator Specifications.

Example
Let us have a working Eclipse IDE in place and follow the steps given below to create a
Concordion application:

Step Description

1 Create a project with a name concordion and create a

package com.tutorialspointunder the src folder in the created project.

2 Add the required Concordion libraries using Add External JARs option as explained
in the Concordion - First Application chapter.

3 Create Java class System under the com.tutorialspoint package.

4 Create Fixture classes SystemFixture, CalculatorFixture under

thespecs.tutorialspoint package.

5 Create Specification html files System.html, Calculator.html under

thespecs.tutorialspoint package.

6 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and specification file
and run the application as explained below.

Here is the content of System.java file:

package com.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.api.MultiValueResult;
public class System {
public MultiValueResult split(String userName){
MultiValueResult result = new MultiValueResult();
String[] words = userName.split(" ");
result.with("firstName", words[0]).with("lastName", words[1]);
54
 Concordion

return result;
}
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return firstNumber + secondNumber;
}
}

Following is the content of SystemFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.api.MultiValueResult;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class SystemFixture {
System system = new System();
public MultiValueResult split(String userName){
return system.split(userName);
}
}

Following is the content of CalculatorFixture.java file:

package specs.tutorialspoint;
import org.concordion.integration.junit4.ConcordionRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import com.tutorialspoint.System;
@RunWith(ConcordionRunner.class)
public class CalculatorFixture {
System system = new System();
public int sum(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) {
return system.sum(firstNumber, secondNumber);
}
}

Following is the content of System.html file:

55
 Concordion

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>System Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building specifications for our online order tracking
application.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to split full name of a logged in user to
its constituents by splitting name by whitespace:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<ul>
<li>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result =
split(#TEXT)">Robert De</span> is to be splited as
<ul>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">Robert</span></li>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">De</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The full name <span concordion:execute="#result =
split(#TEXT)">John Diere</span> is to be splited as
<ul>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.firstName">John</span></li>
<li><span
concordion:assertEquals="#result.lastName">Diere</span></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<a concordion:run="concordion" href="Calculator.html">Calculator Service
Specifications</a>
</body>
</html>

Following is the content of Calculator.html file:

56
 Concordion

<html xmlns:concordion="http://www.concordion.org/2007/concordion">
<head>
<link href="../concordion.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Calculator Specifications</h1>
<p>We are building online calculator support in our website.</p>
<p>Following is the requirement to add two numbers:</p>
<div class="example">
<h3>Example</h3>
<table>
<tr>
<th>First Number</th>
<th>Second Number</th>
<th>Sum</th>
</tr>
<tr concordion:execute="#result = sum(#firstNumber, #secondNumber)">
<td concordion:set="#firstNumber">2</td>
<td concordion:set="#secondNumber">3</td>
<td concordion:assertEquals="#result">5</td>
</tr>
<tr concordion:execute="#result = sum(#firstNumber, #secondNumber)">
<td concordion:set="#firstNumber">4</td>
<td concordion:set="#secondNumber">5</td>
<td concordion:assertEquals="#result">9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Once you are done with creating source and specification files, let us run the application
as JUnit Test. If everything is fine with your application, then it will produce the following
result:

C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html
Successes: 2, Failures: 0
C:\DOCUME~1\ADMINI~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\concordion\specs\tutorialspoint\System.html

57
 Concordion

Successes: 6, Failures: 0

System.html is the output of Concordion test run.

Click on the link Calculator Service Specifications. You will see the following output:

58