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Lecture 2a

This document discusses heat transfer through plane walls, cylinders, and spheres using concepts like Fourier's law, thermal resistance networks, and critical insulation thickness. For plane walls and cylinders, the heat transfer rate decreases as insulation thickness increases. However, for insulated cylinders there is an optimal insulation thickness that maximizes resistance. The document provides examples of calculating critical insulation thickness for a cylinder and determining the corresponding critical heat transfer rate and its ratio to the uninsulated rate.

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Kazem Osaily
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39 views15 pages

Lecture 2a

This document discusses heat transfer through plane walls, cylinders, and spheres using concepts like Fourier's law, thermal resistance networks, and critical insulation thickness. For plane walls and cylinders, the heat transfer rate decreases as insulation thickness increases. However, for insulated cylinders there is an optimal insulation thickness that maximizes resistance. The document provides examples of calculating critical insulation thickness for a cylinder and determining the corresponding critical heat transfer rate and its ratio to the uninsulated rate.

Uploaded by

Kazem Osaily
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HEAT TRANSFER

(ME 421)
Spring 2011
Chapter 2
Kazem Osaily

[email protected]

Department of Mechanical Engineering PPU


Steady State 1-D Conduction Heat
Transfer

The plane wall:


Fourier’s Law

T1
q
q T2
Electrical Analogy
R
I v2
v1

q T2
T1

Thermal resistance
Example

q T1 q
T2
T3
Eliminating T2 and T3: A T4
B C

q T1 T2 T3 T4

RA RB RC
Another Example
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

B
F
A C E
G
D

RB R RF T5
q T1 T2 T3 E T4

RA RC
RG
RD T1 −T 5
q=
∑ Rth
Radial Systems

To
q Ti
r
ri dr
ro L

qr Ti To

Rth
Spheres To
q
dr
Ti
r
ri
ro

qr Ti To

Rth
Electrical Analogy for Convection
Boundary Conditions

Free stream

q
Example
Assumption: T1 > T2

Fluid
TA
B
h1 h2
T1
Fluid A T2
q
q TB

q TA TB
T1 T2
Overall Heat Transfer
Coefficient

Fluid A

TA>TB U=? Fluid B

q
TB, hB
TA , hA

ro ri
If A=Ai Overall heat transfer coefficient based on
U=Ui
inside area of the tube.

Overall heat transfer coefficient based on


If A=Ao U=Uo
outside area of the tube.

Note: Generally, the overall heat transfer coefficient is being


calculate based on the outside area.
Critical I nsulation Thickness
The heat transfer always decreases by increasing the
insulation thickness when we are dealing with plane wall.

However, it is NOT true when a cylindrical geometry, e.g.


tube, is insulated!

*example
ho, To
q
Ti

ri
ro
Where:
In order to find the maximum of ro we should use the
Maximization condition:

k
ro = Insulation Thickness
h
Example k=0.17 W/m oC
h=3 W/m2 oC
Find qcritical per unit length and qcritical /q.
To=20 oC
Critical thickness: q
Ti=200 oC

ro
ri
ri=2.5 cm

Without insulation: qcritical=105.7 W/m

q=84.8 W/m
W hat does it m ean?
Critical I nsulation Thickness for a Sphere

Do it at home
and bring it written
On paper next lecture !!

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