Zeal Education Society’s

ZEAL POLYTECHNIC, PUNE.

NARHE │PUNE -41 │ INDIA

THIRD YEAR (TY)

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SCHEME: I SEMESTER: V

NAME OF SUBJECT: POWER ENGINEERING & REFIRGERATION

Subject Code: 22562

MSBTE QUESTION PAPERS & MODEL ANSWERS

1. MSBTE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
2. MSBTE WINTER-19 EXAMINATION

Page 1 of 10
 Scheme - I
Sample Question Paper

Program Name : Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

Program Code : ME
Semester : Fifth 22562
Course Title : Power Engineering and Refrigeration
Marks : 70 Time : 3 Hrs.

Instructions:
(1) All questions are compulsory.
(2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
(3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(4) Assume suitable data if necessary.
(5) Preferably, write the answers in sequential order.
(6) Use of psychrometry chart is allowed

Q.1) Attempt any FIVE of the following. 10 Marks

a) Name the Diagnostic Tools used for fault finding of MPFI Engine.
b) State the Unit of Refrigeration.
c) State the functions of Catalytic Converter.
d) Define the term “Compressor capacity’.
e) Name the essential components used in Gas turbine.
f) List the different Solid Propellant used in Rocket engine.
g) State the any two advantages of ‘Turbo Charging’.

Q.2) Attempt any THREE of the following. 12 Marks

a) Represent Diesel Cycle on P-V and T-S Diagram.
b) State the effect of ‘Air-Fuel Ratio’ on exhaust emission.
c) Explain the working of ‘Lobe type Air Compressor’ with neat sketch.
d) Represent Brayton Cycle on P- V and T- S diagram.

Q.3) Attempt any THREE of the following. 12 Marks

a) List the Methods of reducing Pollution in diesel engine as per BS6 .
b) Explain the term
1. Octane Number
2. Knock Resistance
1
 c) Explain with neat sketch the working of Household Refrigerator.
d) Differentiate between Two Stroke and Four Stroke I. C .Engine (any four points).

Q.4) Attempt any Three of the following. 12 Marks

a) Explain the term “Exhaust Gas Recirculation’ with neat sketch.
b) Draw the labeled Valve Timing Diagram of typical 4- stroke Diesel Engine.
c) Explain the concept of following terms with respect to refrigerants
1. GWP
2. ODP
d) Explain the effect of clearance volume on multi stage Air compressor without
intercooling by using P V diagram.
e) Explain the working of ‘Turbo Prop’ with neat sketch.

Q.5) Attempt any TWO of the following. 12 Marks

a) Following observations were recorded during a trial on single cylinder four stroke oil
engine :
Cylinder bore = 15 cm
Length of stroke = 25 cm
Mean effective pressure = 7.35 bar
Engine speed = 400 rpm
Brake torque = 225 N.m.
Fuel consumption = 3 kg/hr
Calorific value of fuel = 44200 kJ/kg
Determine:
i) Mechanical efficiency
ii) Brake thermal efficiency
iii) Brake specific fuel consumption
b) A single stage reciprocating air compressor has swept volume of 2000 cm3and runs
at 600 rpm. It operates on pressure ratio of 8 and clearance 5% of swept volume.
Assume NTP room condition at inlet (P = 101.3kPa, T = 15°C) and polytropic
compression and expansion with n = 1.25 calculate :
i) Indicated power ii) volumetric efficiency iii) Mass flow rate iv) Isothermal
efficiency

2
 c) A simple saturation vapour compression cycle using R-12 is designed for 10 TR
capacity. The vapour is dry saturated at the start of compression. For the 268° K
evaporator temperature and 308° K condenser temperature, Represent process on
P-H and T-S diagram
.Find: (i) Mass flow rate of refrigerant (ii) Power required in kW. (iii) C.O.P.
Given enthalpy values:
(i) at the start of compression = 185 kJ/kg
(ii) at the end of compression = 206 kJ/kg
(iii) at the start of expansion = 70 kJ/kg

Q.6) Attempt any TWO of the following. 12 Marks

a) An IC engine uses 6 kg of fuel per hour having
CV of 43,000 kJ/kg.
The brake power developed is 21 kW.
The temperature rise of cooling water is 23˚C.
Rate of water flow is 11 kg/min.
The temperature rise of exhaust gas is 250˚C
Rate of flow of exhaust gases is 4.6 kg/min
specific heat of water 4.187 kJ/kg K
specific heat of exhaust gas are 1 kJ/kg K
Prepare heat balance sheet on minute basis.
b) State the methods to improve efficiency of air compressor. Explain working of Two
stage air compressor with perfect intercooling with the help of P-V diagram
c) The air is at 24 ˚C DBT and40 % Relative humidity.
With the help of psychrometric chart find following properties of air with units and plot
the same on psychrometric chart.
(i) Dew point temperature (ii) Wet bulb temperature
(iii) SP volume of air (iv) Enthalpy of air (v) SP humidity of air

3
 Scheme - I
Sample Test Paper - I

Program Name : Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

Program Code : ME
Semester : Fifth 22562
Course Title : Power Engineering and Refrigeration
Marks : 20 Time : 1 Hour

Instructions:
(1) All questions are compulsory.
(2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
(3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(4) Assume suitable data if necessary.
(5) Preferably, write the answers in sequential order.

Q.1 Attempt any FOUR. 08 Marks

a. Name the different components of I C Engine
b. List advantages of MPFI engine
c. State the purpose of Piezoelectric injector
d. Define term- BSFC
e. State the effect of I C engine pollution on Environment
f. Explain term ECU

Q.2 Attempt any TWO 12 Marks

a. The following data is collected during a trial of four cylinder petrol engine.
B.P. with all cylinder working = 15.8 kW
B.P. with cylinder No. 1 cutoff = 11.14 kW
B.P. with cylinder No. 2 cutoff = 11.2 kW
B.P. with cylinder No. 3 cutoff = 11.36 kW
B.P. with cylinder No. 4 cutoff = 11.3 kW
Find mechanical efficiency of engine
b. Explain with neat sketch the construction of Two Stroke Petrol Engine with neat sketch
c. A four stroke petrol engine develops 5kW at 2000 R.P.M. When its mean effective
pressure is 7.5 bar. If for the engine, L = 1.25 D, find its dimensions

4
 Scheme - I
Sample Test Paper - II

Program Name : Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

Program Code : ME
Semester : Fifth 22562
Course Title : Power Engineering and Refrigeration
Marks : 20 Time : 1 Hour

Instructions:
(1) All questions are compulsory.
(2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
(3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(4) Assume suitable data if necessary.
(5) Preferably, write the answers in sequential order.

Q.1 Attempt any FOUR. 08 Marks

a. Explain term- FAD w.r.t Air compressor
b. List different types of Rotary Compressor
c. List the applications of Gas Turbine
d. Define – Comfort Air conditioning
e. State the significance of Psycromentric Chart
f. Name different Psycrometric Processes

Q.2 Attempt any TWO. 12 Marks

a. A single stage reciprocating air compressor has swept volume of 2000 cm3 and runs
at 600 rpm. It operates on pressure ratio of 8 and clearance 5% of swept volume.
Assume NTP room condition at inlet (P = 101.3 kPa, T = 15 degree C) and
polytropic compression and expansion with h = 1.25 calculate :
i) Indicated power ii) Volumetric efficiency iii) Mass flow rate iv) Isothermal efficiency
b. A refrigeration system works on vapour compression cycle. Enthalpies at
various points are given below.
Compressor inlet – 1460 kJ/kg.
Compressor outlet – 1796 kJ/kg.
Inlet to expansion valve – 322 kJ/kg.
Calculate:
(i) COP (ii) Power required for 1 kg of refrigerant circulated per min.
5
 The refrigerant is superheated by 15degree C before it enters the compressor and sub
cooled by 3degree C before expansion. Sketch the cycle on p-h & T-S diagram.
c. List the methods to improve thermal efficiency of gas turbine and explain any one of
themin detail.

6
11920
22562
3 Hours / 70 Marks Seat No.

Instructions : (1) All Questions are compulsory.

(2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
(3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.
(4) Assume suitable data, if necessary.
(5) Use of Non-programmable Electronic Pocket Calculator is permissible.
(6) Use of psychrometric chart is allowed.

Marks
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following : 10
(a) List diagnostic tools used in fault finding of MPFI engines.
(b) Define SEER & EER.
(c) State purpose of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR).
(d) Define Pressure Ratio in air compressors.
(e) List at least six components of a jet engine.
(f) List different liquid propellants used in rocket engines.
(g) State four objectives of supercharging.

2. Attempt any THREE of the following : 12

(a) Draw actual indicator diagram for 4 stroke petrol engine.
(b) Draw a typical graph indicating changes in pollutants level (HC, CO2 & CO)
with respect to changes in air fuel ratio.
(c) Describe in brief working of axial flow compressor with sketch.
(d) Explain in brief aero derivative & heavy frame engine. State their applications
separately.

3. Attempt any THREE of the following : 12

(a) List changes made by automobile manufactures in achieving BS VI norms in
diesel engines.
(b) Discuss in brief process of combustion in SI engines with a sketch.
(c) Explain working of a storage type water cooler with a sketch.
(d) In otto cycle compression ratio is 8. Calculate air standard efficiency. Will it
be grater than Carnot Cycle ? Justify your answer.

[1 of 2] P.T.O.
22562 [2 of 2]
4. Attempt any THREE of the following : 12
(a) Draw inline fuel injection pump. Name different components.
(b) With sketch, justify use of Variable Geometry Turbocharger as compared to
fixed geometry turbocharger.
(c) State formulae to calculate TEWI & LCCP.
(d) Draw PV diagram for working of two stage reciprocating air compressor
when inter-cooling in perfect and imperfect.
(e) Compare turbojet & turboprop engines (at least four parameters).

5. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12

(a) A two stroke cycle internal combustion engine has a mean effective pressure
of 5.8 bar. The speed of the engine is 940 rpm. If the diameter of piston and
stroke are 120 mm and 130 mm respectively, find the indicated power
developed and piston speed.
(b) A single acting reciprocating air compressor has cylinder diameter and stroke
of 201 mm & 301 mm respectively. The compressor sucks air at 1 bar and
27 C and delivers at 8 bar while running at 101 rpm. Find indicate power of
compressor, mass of air delivered by compressor per minute. Compression
follows law PV1.25 = C Take R = 287 J/kg K.
(c) In a typical refrigeration system refrigerating effect of 9.5 Tons of
refrigeration is expected. Enthalpy values of refrigerant per kg at various
locations are 185 kJ (compressor inlet), 206 kJ (compressor outlet), 70 kJ
(condenser exit). Assuming no under cooling & superheating find mass of
refrigerant per second required to be circulated. Also find COP of the system.

6. Attempt any TWO of the following : 12

(a) A 4 cylinder, 4 stroke petrol engine has 5 cm bore and 8 cm stroke. It was
tested at constant speed. Fuel consumption was 0.13 kg/min. Spark plugs for
four cylinders were cut one after other. Brake Power was measured and was
found as follows :
When all cylinders working = 16.25 kW, first cylinder cutoff = 11.55 kW,
second cylinder cutoff = 11.65 kW, third cylinder cutoff = 11.70 kW, fourth
cylinder cutoff = 11.50 kW. Find IP & Mechanical Efficiency.
(b) Compare reciprocating and rotary air compressor (at least six points).
(c) Expected room conditions are 20 C & 55% RH. Outdoor conditions are
39 C and RH 70%. Locate both points on psychrometric chart and find how
much enthalpy per kg of air and moisture content per kg of dry air need to be
changed to achieve room conditions. Draw skeleton of psychrometric chart
and show both points.
__________
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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WINTER – 19 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: Power Engg. & Refrigeration Model Answer Subject Code: 22562
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.

Q. Su Answer Marking
b
No. Q. Scheme
N.

Q.1 a) Following are the diagnostic tools used in fault finding of MPFI engines Any 4

(A) 1. Engine Code Readers 5. Scan Tool 2M

2. Compression Testers 6. Battery Tester

3. Spark Plug Testers 7. Power Probe III

4. Mechanic’s Stethoscope

b) SEER: Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER), is most commonly used to measure the efficiency 1M
of a central air conditioner. The higher the SEER, the more efficient the system OR It is the ratio
of cooling Capacity to energy consumed in watts-hours. each

EER: Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) is a measure of how efficiently a cooling system will operate
when the outdoor temperature is at a specific level (95 degrees F). The higher the EER, the more
efficient the system. In technical terms,(Correction) OR It is the ratio of total capacity to the total
KW energy usage at specific humidity and temperature condition.

c) Purpose of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) : 2M

1. It reduces Nox 75% to 90% Any 2

Point
2. Converts it in to molecular nitrogen and water vapor

3. It reduces HC emission up to 80%

4. It reduces PM emission 20 to 25%.

d) Compressor pressure ratio (CPR), is the ratio of the air total pressure exiting the compressor to 2M

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the air pressure entering the compressor. This number is always greater than 1.0.

e) Following are the components of jet engine: Any

1. Air intakes Six
2. Compressors
For 2M
3. Combustors
4. Turbines
5. Afterburners (reheat)
6. Nozzle
7. Bypass duct
8. Shaft
f) Following are the different liquid propellants used in rocket engines 2m

1. kerosene, Liquid oxygen and Liquid Hydrogen similar to kerosene ½M

2. Alcohol and its derivatives (Ethyl Alcohol) Each

3. hydrazine and its derivatives Any 4

Point
4. Hydrogen peroxide

5. liquid hydrogen

g) Following are the objectives of supercharging 2m

1. To compensate for loss of power due to high altitudes for air craft engines ½M

2. To obtain better performance from the existing engine Each

3. For a given weight and bulk of the engine, super charging increase power output. This is Any 2
important in air craft, marine and automotive engines where weight and space are Points
considered

4. Super charging is done to induct more amount of air into cylinder per unit times and
hence to burn more amount of fuel to increase power output

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Q.2 a)

4M

Actual Indicator diagram for 4 stroke petrol engine

b) Graph indicating changes in pollutants level w.r.t air fuel ratio

4M

c) Axial flow compressor :

Working Principle: As the fluid enters and leaves in the axial direction, the centrifugal
component in the energy equation does not come into play. Here the compression is fully based
on diffusing action of the passages. 2M

The diffusing action in stator converts absolute kinetic head of the fluid into rise in pressure.
The relative kinetic head in the energy equation is a term that exists only because of the rotation
of the rotor.

The rotor reduces the kinetic head of the fluid and adds it to the absolute kinetic head of the
fluid i.e. the impact of the rotor on the fluid particles increases its velocity (absolute) and
thereby reduces the relative velocity between the fluid and the rotor.

In short increases the absolute velocity of the fluid and the stator converts this into pressure
rise.

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2M

d)
Heavy frame industrial gas turbines compared to aero derivative gas turbines are usually slower
in speed, narrower in operating speed range, heavier, larger, have higher air flow, slower in 2M
start-up and need more time and spare parts for maintenance. Heavy frame industrial gas
turbines use hydrodynamic bearing.

Aero derivative gas turbines use anti-friction bearing. Advanced aircraft engine and space
technologies have been used to provide maintainable, flexible, light weight and compact aero
derivative gas turbines. The key to maintainability is the modular concept which provides for
removal of components and replacement without removing the gas turbine from its support
mounts.

The heavy frame industrial units, by contrast, require more amount of effort to remove and
replace components (especially combustor parts) and more effort to inspect or repair the
sections. The user should weigh needs and requirements against the variety of gas turbines
offered.
2M
Applications-

Traditionally, preference has been to place the aero derivative units in remotely located
applications (including offshore) and to place heavy frame industrial units in easily accessible
base-load applications. The heavy frame industrial gas turbines consume more fuel and more air
than the aero derivative units. They are exposed to a greater quantity of the contaminants in air
that cause corrosion.

Q.3 a) Following are Changes in automobile manufacturers in achieving BS6 norms of diesel engines Any

1. Reduction in HC emission by 45% Four

2. Reduction in NOX emission by 70% Changes

1M
3. Reduction in PM emission by 80%
each
4. Use of Lean NOX traps

5. Use selective catalytic reduction (SCR)

6. Use of Diesel particulate filter

7. Five times reduction in Sulpher %

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8. OBD for all diesel vehicles

9. Real Driving Emission introduced in vehicles

10. Fumigation

11. Catalytic converter monitoring

12. Misfire detection

b) Combustion In S I Engine

Fig.

2M

According to Ricardo, There are three stages of combustion in SI Engine as shown in figure
above 1. Ignition lag stage 2. Flame propagation stage 3. After burning stage

1. Ignition lag stage:

There is a certain time interval between instant of spark and instant where there is a noticeable Stages
rise in pressure due to combustion. This time lag is called IGNITION LAG. 2M
2. Flame propagation stage:

Once the flame is formed at “b”, it should be self sustained and must be able to propagate through
the mixture. This is possible when the rate of heat generation by burning is greater than heat lost
by flame to surrounding. After the point “b”, the flame propagation is abnormally low at the
beginning as heat lost is more than heat generated.

3.After burning:

Combustion will not stop at point “c” but continue after attaining peak pressure and this
combustion is known as after burning. This generally happens when the rich mixture is supplied
to engine.

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c)

Fig.

2M

OR

Storage type Water Cooler

The storage type cooler has the evaporator coil soldered on to the walls of the storage tank
of the cooler, generally on to the outside surface of the walls. The tank could be of the galvanized
steel or stainless steel sheets. Water level is maintained in the tank by a float wall.

Push type water taps are generally provided for drawing cold water in both the types, to
minimize the wastage of refrigerated water. Thermostat controls the operation of the compressor
to maintain the water temperature at the desired level. The feeler bulb of the thermostat is
clamped on to the water coil just at its outlet end in the instantaneous cooler. In the storage type,
the bulb is kept immeresed in water in the tank or clamped to the wall of the storage tank on the
outside at a lower level, much below the lower most evaporator refrigerant tube soildered on to
the tank. 2M

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d)

2M

No, the Otto cycle efficiency 56.47% will always be lower than Carnot cycle efficiency. 1M

Justification: Carnot theorem states that keeping operating conditions same, Carnot engine is
more efficient than any other engine. So, Otto cycle efficiency is lower than Carnot cycle
1M
efficiency.

Q.4 a)

Fig.

3M

Naming

1M

Inline Fuel Injection Pump

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b)

Sketch

2M

Variable Geometry Turbocharger

Justification

Variable Turbine Geometry technology is the next generation in turbocharger technology where the turbo
uses variable vanes to control exhaust flow against the turbine blades. The problem with the fixed 2M
geometry turbocharger that big turbochargers do not work well at slow engine speeds, while small
turbochargers are fast to spool but run out of steam pretty quick.

A turbocharger equipped with Variable Turbine Geometry has little movable vanes which can direct
exhaust flow onto the turbine blades. The vane angles are adjusted via an actuator. The angles of the
vanes vary throughout the engine RPM range to optimize turbine behaviour.

c) TEWI (Total equivalent warming impact ) 2M

TEWI = GWP⋅ L ⋅ n + GWP⋅m⋅(1−α) + n ⋅ E ⋅ β (1)

where, GWP - Refrigerant Global Warming Potential (equivalent to CO2) [kg CO2/kg refrigerant]

L - Annual leakage rate [kg/year]

n - System operating life time [years]

m - Refrigerant charge [kg] α - Recycling factor [%]

E - Annual energy consumption [kWh/year]

β - CO2 emissions on energy generation [kg CO2/kWh]

2M
LCCP ( Life-cycle climate performance )

LCCP = TEWI + GWP (Indirect) [energy consumption expressed as CO2- eq emissions from chemical
production & transport, manufacturing components & vehicle assembly and end-of-life] + GWP (direct)
[chemical refrigerant emissions including atmospheric reaction products, manufacturing leakage, and
end-of- -life]

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d) 2M

each

e)

Any
four
points

1M

each

- Engine is noisy - Engine is less noisy

- Engine consist of Diffuser, - Engine consist of Diffuser, Compressor,

Compressor, Combustion Chamber,
Turbine, Nozzle. Combustion Chamber, Turbine, Nozzle with

Propeller

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Q.5 a)

Speed in terms of m/min Piston speed = 244.38 m/min

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b)

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c)

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Q.6 a)

b) Reciprocating compressor Rotary compressor

1. Compression of air takes place with help of 1. Compression of air takes place due to rotary Any
piston and cylinder arrangement with motion of blades.
Six
reciprocating motion of piston.
points
2. Delivery of air intermittent. 2. Delivery of air is continuous.
1M
3. Delivery pressure is high i.e. pressure ratio 3. Delivery pressure is low, i.e. pressure ratio is
is high. low. each
4. Flow rate of air is low. 4. Flow rate of air is high.

5. Speed of compressor is low because of 5. Speed of compressor is high because of

unbalanced forces. perfect balancing.
6. Reciprocating air compressor has more 6. Rotary air compressor has less number of
number of moving parts. moving part.
7. It needs proper lubrication and more 7. It required less lubrication and
maintenance. maintenance.

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8. Due to low speed of ration it can’t be 8. Rotary air compressor can be directly
directly coupled to prime mover but it coupled to prime mover.
requires reduction of speed.
9. It is used when small quantity of air at high 9. It is used where large quantity of air at
pressure is required. lower pressure is required.
10. Receiver Compulsory 10. Receiver not compulsory
11. Mechanical Efficiency Low 11. Mechanical Efficiency High
12. More Starting torque required 12. Less Starting torque required

c)

3
Marks
for
calculation

Skelton diagram -

3
Marks
for dig.

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