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INTEGRATION Presentation

Integration is the process of finding an antiderivative or primitive function of a given function, allowing us to calculate the area under a curve. Some key methods for integration include integration by substitution, integration by parts, and integration by power rule. The power rule states that the integral of x^n is equal to x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C, where C is the constant of integration. Integration and its related concepts, like the fundamental theorem of calculus, were developed in the 17th century and helped solve problems involving area, distance, velocity, and other real-world applications that involve accumulation over time or space.

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Raix Memon
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36 views15 pages

INTEGRATION Presentation

Integration is the process of finding an antiderivative or primitive function of a given function, allowing us to calculate the area under a curve. Some key methods for integration include integration by substitution, integration by parts, and integration by power rule. The power rule states that the integral of x^n is equal to x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C, where C is the constant of integration. Integration and its related concepts, like the fundamental theorem of calculus, were developed in the 17th century and helped solve problems involving area, distance, velocity, and other real-world applications that involve accumulation over time or space.

Uploaded by

Raix Memon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTEGRATION AND

POWER RULE
BY MEHWISH NASIR
What is integration?
Integration is derived from the word “integral” which tells how
much something is accumulated.

To
Integration Integral
form,coordinate,sum
Why we use Integration?
• The concept of integral was used to find the area under a curve or
area under any irregular shape.
• In all cases so far area enclosed in straight lines and hence easy to
find ,but that rarely happens.

For example:
1. Downloading a movie

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
2. Force and Distance graph: 3.Speed and Time graph:
Real life example:

speed Distance

time
❑Previously , area under the graph was used to found by
dividing the area into small strips of regular shapes.
❑To remove the shallow area, we increase number of
divisions/strips to infinite times so that the width of the
partition becomes neglible or approaches to 0

𝑁
Total Area ≈ σ𝑖=1 𝑓 𝑥𝑖 Δ𝑥
History Of Integration :

➢The major work on integration was done in 17th


Century with the discovery of Fundamental theorem
of Calculus by Leibniz and Newton.
➢The term integration was first used in 1690.
➢Integral symbol ∫ was presented by Leibniz in
1675.
Area under the curve = A(x)
ⅆ𝐴
Derivative of area =
ⅆ𝑥

Δ𝐴 𝑓 𝑥 Δ𝑥
lim = =𝑓 𝑥
𝑥→0 Δ𝑥 Δ𝑥

If you want to find area under


A(x) + function f(x) are related
the curve f(x) you have to :
A’(x) = f(x)
Find another function F(x) whose
derivative is f(x)
Methods to find Integration :

1)Integration by Substitution
2)Integration by parts
3)Integration by power rule
4)Integration by chain ordered pair
Integration by Power Rule :
1)When power is other than (-1)
0𝑤𝑒𝑟
2)Derivative of − 𝑃 must be outside.
3)Then ; add one in power and it is also then divided.

𝑥 1+1 𝑥2
For example : ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬1 ⅆ𝑥 = +𝐶 = +𝑐
1+1 2

4)+c is must in integration for it is the reverse of


differentiation which has 0 as a derivative of constant
Some questions :
• ‫ 𝜘 ׬‬ⅆ𝜘 = ?
2

• ‫ 𝜘 ׬‬ⅆ𝑥 = ?
2
• ‫ ׬‬3𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = ?
2
• ධ tan 𝜘 ⋅ sec 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = ?
Important Formulas :
𝑑
1. 𝑑𝑥
𝑐 = 0 , ‫ ׬‬0 ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑐
𝑑
2. 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 1 , ‫ ׬‬1 ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑
3. 𝑑𝑥
(x+1) = 1 , ‫ ׬‬1 ⅆ𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑑 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑥 ⅇ 𝑎𝑥
4. 𝑑𝑥
(ⅇ ) = ⅇ (a) , ‫ ׬‬ⅇ ⅆ𝑥 =
𝑎
+𝑐
𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑎𝑥
5. 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎 ) = 𝑎 lna , ‫ 𝑎 ׬‬ⅆ𝑥 =
ln 𝑎
+𝑐
𝑑 1 1
6. 𝑑𝑥
(log 𝑥) = , ‫ ׬‬dx = lnx + c
𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 − cos 𝑎𝑥
7. (sin(ax)) = cos(ax).(a) , ‫ ׬‬sin 𝑎𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = , + c
𝑑𝑥 𝑎
𝑑 2 2 tan(𝑎𝑥)
8. 𝑑𝑥
(tan(ax)) = 𝑠ⅇ𝑐 ax. (a) , ‫𝑠 ׬‬ⅇ𝑐 ax dx =
𝑎
+c
𝑑 − co𝑡 𝑎𝑥
2
9. 𝑑𝑥(cot(ax)) = -𝑐𝑜𝑠ⅇ𝑐 ax a , ‫𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬ⅇ𝑐 ax dx = 2 +c
𝑎
𝑑 sec 𝑎𝑥
10.𝑑𝑥(sec(ax)) = sec(ax)tan(ax).(a) , ‫ ׬‬sec 𝑎𝑥 tan(𝑎𝑥) dx = 𝑎 + c
𝑑 − cosec 𝑎𝑥
11.𝑑𝑥(cosec(ax)) = -cosec(ax)cot(ax),‫ ׬‬cosec 𝑎𝑥 cot(𝑎𝑥) dx = 𝑎
+c
𝑑 1 1
−1
12.𝑑𝑥(𝑠𝑖𝑛 x) = , ‫׬‬ dx = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −1 x + c
1−𝑥 2 1−𝑥 2
𝑑 −1 −1
13.𝑑𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠 x) =
−1 , ‫׬‬ dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 x + c
1−𝑥 2 1−𝑥 2
𝑑 1 1
14.𝑑𝑥(𝑡𝑎𝑛 x) = 1+𝑥 2 , ‫ ׬‬1+𝑥 2 dx = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 x + c
−1

𝑑 −1 −1
15.𝑑𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑡 x) = 1+𝑥 2 , ‫ ׬‬1+𝑥 2 dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 x + c
−1

𝑑 1 1
16.𝑑𝑥(𝑠ⅇ𝑐 x) =
−1
2
, ‫׬‬ 2
dx = 𝑠ⅇ𝑐 −1
x+c
𝑥 𝑥 −1 𝑥 𝑥 −1
𝑑 −1 −1
17.𝑑𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠ⅇ𝑐 x) =
−1 , ‫׬‬ dx = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ⅇ𝑐 −1 x + c
𝑥 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 𝑥 2 −1
18.‫𝑠 ׬‬ⅇ𝑐𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = ln 𝑠ⅇ𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
19.‫𝑠𝑜𝑐 ׬‬ⅇ𝑐𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 = ln 𝑐𝑜𝑠ⅇ𝑐𝑥 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐
THANK YOU

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