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Blood Group Lab

The document describes experiments to determine blood group and Rh status, and measure hemoglobin content. It discusses the physical and chemical characteristics of blood like pH, temperature, color, viscosity. It explains the components of blood and structure of hemoglobin. The procedures for blood grouping and hemoglobin estimation are outlined in steps. Blood grouping involves mixing blood samples with antigens to check for agglutination. Hemoglobin level indicates presence of anemia or other medical conditions.

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vinayakjeet03
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40 views12 pages

Blood Group Lab

The document describes experiments to determine blood group and Rh status, and measure hemoglobin content. It discusses the physical and chemical characteristics of blood like pH, temperature, color, viscosity. It explains the components of blood and structure of hemoglobin. The procedures for blood grouping and hemoglobin estimation are outlined in steps. Blood grouping involves mixing blood samples with antigens to check for agglutination. Hemoglobin level indicates presence of anemia or other medical conditions.

Uploaded by

vinayakjeet03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT No.

6
•Determination of Blood group
and Rh status

•Measurement of Haemoglobin
content in the human blood
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL
CHARACTERSTICS OF BLOOD
Viscosity – It means thickness
pH of blood - The normal
Temperature – The or resistance to flow. Blood is
pH range of blood is 7.35-
temperature of the blood is about 3-5 times denser &
7.45 , which is slightly
38℃. more viscous than water and
alkaline.
feels slightly sticky.

Blood Group & Rh Factor- is a


classification of blood, based
Colour – The colour of the blood varies on the presence and absence
Amount- The blood Volume with its oxygen content. Arterial blood is
is 5-6L in average sized of antibodies and inherited
bright red due its high level of oxygen antigenic substances on the
adult male & 4-5L in while deoxygenated Venous blood is surface of red blood cells.
average sized adult Female darker or dull red colour. Rhesus (Rh) factor is an
inherited protein found on the
surface of red blood cells.
BLOOD COMPOSITION AND HUMAN ABO BLOOD TYPING
Rh FACTOR IN HUMANS
• Discovery: Monkey (Macaca rhesus )
• K. Landsteiner and S. Weiener
• Anti-Rh serum
• Erythroblastosis fetalis

Source- https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Rh-Blood-Group.aspx
STRUCTURE OF HAEMOGLOBIN
• Haemoglobin has a quaternary
structure.
• It consist of two pair each α and β
chains.
• There are 141 and 146 amino acid
in the α and β chains respectively.
• Each of these chains contains
heme, a compound that contains
iron and transports oxygen in the
bloodstream.
• The iron forms a pyrrol rings with
various sidechains attached.

Source-https://alevelbiology.co.uk/notes/hemoglobin/
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EXPERIMENT
• Blood typing-
• Transfusion of Blood
• Pregnancy
• Hemoglobin estimation-
• Anemia
• Pregnancy
A. Procedure of Hemoglobin estimation

Requirements:
• Sahli’s hemometer
• N/10 HCl solution

• Distilled water

• Fresh blood
PROCEDURE
1. All the apparatus should be clean and dry before use for the estimation of hemoglobin.

2. Take hemoglobin tube; fill it by N/10 HCl up to 2 cm mark on gram percentage side.

3. Prick your left-hand finger by a sterilized needle /lancet after cleaning with spirit or 70% alcohol and suck
the blood in Pasteur pipette up to 20 cm mark, wipe off the excess blood attached to tip of the pipette.

4. Dip the pipette tip in the N/10 HCl of hemoglobin tube and discharge the blood into it.

5. Shake it thoroughly with a glass rod. Observe the color of the solution brown.

6. Add distilled water drop by drop to solution until the color of the blood solution resembles perfectly with the
color of the standard tubes. The color can be compared by keeping the hemoglobin tube in the hemometer
between two standard color tubes (space provided).

7. Remove the hemoglobin tube from the hemometer and note the reading in gram percentage or percentage
directly.

8. Handling of blood should only be done by the instructor and as per norms prescribed by the institute.
(B) Blood Group Testing Procedure

REQUIREMENTS
• Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-D blood typing sera
• 70% alcohol.
• Microscopic slides
• Sterile blood lancets
• Absorbent cotton
• Wooden applicator sticks
• Wax pencils.

Link for JOve Video: https://www.jove.com/science-education/11985/blood-types


PRINCIPLE OF BLOOD TYPING(Hemagglutination)

It is a reaction that leads to the clumping of red blood cells and the formation of a lattice.

Source-https://www.pharmacy180.com/article/blood-types-and-transfusions-3613/
PROCEDURE
• Using a wax pencil, divide a microscopic slide in half. Label one as
anti-A and the other one as anti-B.

• Take another slide and mark it as anti-D.

• Place one drop of each antiserum on the appropriately labelled


section of the slides.

• Using a piece of absorbent cotton moistened with 70% ethyl alcohol,


wipe the tip of the middle finger.

• Using a sterile bold lancet, prick the disinfected area of the finger.

• Allow one drop of blood to flow into each of antiserum on the slides.

• With separate applicator sticks, mix each drop of blood with its
respective antiserum.

• Rock the slide between your fingers in a to and fro motion and
observe both mixtures for one minute for clumping (agglutinations).
Inference from the levels of Hemoglobin

• Hemoglobin (Hb)
MW=65KDa
• Anemia ( 7.0-9.0g/dL)
• Hb Level: Male vs Female

Source-https://acutecaretesting.org/en/articles/hemoglobin-and-its-measurement

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