4G MOBILES

CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION

 FOURTH GENERATION

 HISTORY

 FEATURES OF 4G

 CONNECTION OF NETWORKS

 MODE TECHNOLOGY

 ADVANTAGE

 CONCLUSION

 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION
In recent years, there has been a rapidly increasing demand for the
development of advanced interactive multimedia applications, such as video telephony, video
games and TV broadcasting. However, these applications are always stringently constrained by
current wireless system architectures because the request of high data rate for video transmission.
To better serve this need, 4G broadband mobile systems are in planning and are expected to
increase the mobile data transmission rates and bring higher spectral efficiency, lower cost per
transmitted bit, and increased flexibility of mobile terminals and networks. The new technology
strives to eliminate the distinction between video over wireless and video over wireline networks.
In the meantime, great opportunities are provided for proposing novel wireless video protocols and
applications, and developing advanced video coding and communications systems and algorithms
for the next-generation video applications that can take maximum advantage of the 4G wireless
systems. This paper presents an overall vision of the 4G features, framework, and integration of
mobile communication.

FOURTH GENERATION

The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are

projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide
variety of new services, from high-quality voice high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless
channels. The term 4G is used broadly to include several types broadband wireless access
communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems. One of the terms used describe 4G is
MAGIC—Mobile multimedia, Anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless
solution, and Customized personal service. As a promise for the future, 4G systems, that is,
cellular broadband wireless access systems, have been attracting much interest in the mobile
communication area. The 4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service,
but also will support the fixed wireless networks. The features of 4G systems might be
summarized with one word—integration. The 4G systems are about seamlessly integrating
terminals, networks, and applications to satisfy increasing user demands. The continuous
expansion of mobile communication and wireless networks shows evidence of exceptional growth
in the areas of mobile subscriber, wireless network access, mobile services, and applications. ? For
entrenched cellular-service providers and major wireless-device manufacturers, the most likely
path to 4G is to enhance current 2G and 3G systems with increasingly advanced delivery methods.
3.5G technologies, like 1xEV-DO for cdma2000 and HSDPA for W-CDMA, allow for a 3X to 5X
jump in data rate on a bit-per-second-per-MHz basis. NTT DoCoMo of Japan has already
announced its plans to develop "3.9G" technology.
HISTORY
The history and evolution of mobile service from the 1G (first generation) to fourth
generation are discussed in this section. Table 1 presents a short history of mobile telephone
technologies. This process began with the designs in the 1970s that have become known as 1G.
The earliest systems were implemented based on analog technology and the basic cellular structure
of mobile communication. Many fundamental problems were solved by these early systems.
Numerous incompatible analog systems were placed in service around the world during the 1980s.
The 2G (second generation) systems designed in the 1980s were still used mainly for voice
applications but were based on digital technology, including digital signal processing techniques.
These 2G systems provided circuit- switched data communication services at a low speed. The
competitive rush to design and implement digital systems led again to a variety of different and
incompatible standards such as GSM (global system mobile), mainly in Europe; TDMA (time
division multiple access) (IS-54/IS-136) in the U.S.; PDC (personal digital cellular) in Japan; and
CDMA (code division multiple access) (IS-95), another U.S. system. These systems operate
nationwide or internationally and are today's mainstream systems, although the data rate for users
in these system is very limited. During the 1990s, two organizations worked to define the next, or
3G, mobile system, which would eliminate previous incompatibilities and become a truly global
system. The 3G system would have higher quality voice channels, as well as broadband data
capabilities, up to 2 Mbps. Unfortunately, the two groups could not reconcile their differences, and
this decade will see the introduction of two mobile standards for 3G. In addition, China is on the
verge of implementing a third 3G system. An interim step is being taken between 2G and 3G, the
2.5G. It is basically an enhancement of the two major 2G technologies to provide increased
capacity on the 2G RF (radio frequency) channels and to introduce higher throughput for data
service, up to 384 kbps. A very important aspect of 2.5G is that the data channels are optimized for
packet data, which introduces access to the Internet from mobile devices, whether telephone, PDA
(personal digital assistant), or laptop. However, the demand for higher access speed multimedia
communication in today's society, which reatly depends on computer communication in digital
format, seems unlimited. According to the historical indication of a generation revolution
occurring once a decade, the present appears to be the right time to begin the research on a 4G
mobile communication system.
Legend:
1xRTT = 2.5G CDMA data service up to 384 kbps
AMPS = advanced mobile phone service
CDMA = code division multiple access
EDGE = enhanced data for global evolution
FDMA = frequency division multiple access
GPRS = general packet radio system
GSM = global system for mobile
NMT = Nordic mobile telephone
PDC = personal digital cellular
PSTN = pubic switched telephone network
TACS = total access communications system
TDMA = time division multiple access
WCDMA = wideband CDMA

FEATURES OF 4G
This new generation of wireless is intended to complement and replace the 3G systems,
perhaps in 5 to 10 years. Accessing information anywhere, anytime, with a seamless connection to
a wide range of information and services, and receiving a large volume of information, data,
pictures, video, and so on, are the keys of the 4G infrastructures.
 The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of various networks using IP (Internet
protocol) as a common protocol so that users are in control because they will be able to choose
every application and environment. Based on the developing trends of mobile communication, 4G
will have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, and smoother and quicker handoff and will focus on
ensuring seamless service across a multitude of wireless systems and networks. The key concept is
integrating the 4G capabilities with all of the existing mobile technologies through advanced
technologies. Application adaptability and being highly dynamic are the main features of 4G
services of interest to users. These features mean services can be delivered and be available to the
personal preference of different users and support the user’s traffic, air interfaces, radio
environment, and quality of service. Connection with the network applications can be transferred
into various forms and levels correctly and efficiently. The dominant methods of access to this
pool of information will be the mobile telephone, PDA, and laptop to seamlessly access the voice
communication, high-speed information services, and entertainment broadcast services. Figure 1
illustrates elements and techniques to support the adaptability of the 4G domain. The fourth
generation will encompass all systems from various networks, public to private; operator-driven
broadband networks to personal areas; and ad hoc networks.
CONNECTION OF NETWORKS
This all-encompassing integrated perspective shows the broad range of systems that the
fourth generation intends to integrate, from satellite broadband to high altitude platform to cellular
3G and 3G systems to WLL (wireless local loop) and FWA (fixed wireless access) to WLAN
(wireless local area network) and PAN (personal area network), all with IP as the integrating
mechanism. With 4G, a range of new services and models will be available. These services and
models need to be further examined for their interface with the design of 4G systems.

Figures 2 and 3 demonstrate the key elements and the seamless connectivity of the networks.
4G I-MODE TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN

In March 2002 NTT DoCoMo announced that trials had begun on the next generation of
mobile communications. Dubbed '4G', the new I-mode technology will increase data transmission
rates (up to 200 times faster than 2G at 20Mbit/sec). 3G data rates are currently 2Mbit/sec, which
is very fast compared to 2G's 9.6Kbit/sec. 4G builds on the 3G standard, although it integrates and
unifies the different interfaces (W-CDMA, CDMA2000, EDGE, etc).

4G I-MODE TECHNOLOGY

Since December 2000, NTT DoCoMo and Hewlett-Packard have been jointly developing
the software and hardware that make high-speed wireless possible. In October 2001, 3G was
successfully rolled-out in Japan, and the new technology will depend on using the established base
stations and mobile station equipment. The introduction of 3G technology provided a huge
expansion in mobile capacity and bandwidth, and 4G will do the same for the spectrum of
broadband communications.

4G TECHNOLOGY CONCERNS

Debate about the new technology has been rife, as the success of 3G has been questioned in
both Europe and the USA. One of the main concerns about 4G is that the speed of the frequency
suggests that it will experience severe interference from multi-path secondary signals reflecting off
other objects. There have been a number of proposed solutions, including using a variable
spreading factor (VSF) and orthogonal frequency code division multiplexing (OFCDM).

Other concerns involve cost and the compatibility of various applications, although these
are expected to be ironed out in the coming months. For example, FOMA-enabled videophones
cannot be used for I-motion music and video links; and the N2002 handset erases parts of the
phone's memory if certain websites are accessed. Finally, the cost of I-mode mobile phones is too
high for most users, therefore the technology will probably be consigned to corporate use for the
foreseeable future.

It is suggested that 4G technologies will give way to 3-D virtual reality and interactive
video/ hologram images. 4G will increase interactions between corroborating technologies, so that
the smart card in your telephone will automatically pay for goods as you pass a linked payment
kiosk - or will tell your car to warm up in the morning, because your phone has noted you leaving
the house or setting the alarm.
 4G is expected to provide better-than-TV quality images and video-links, although it is
likely that forecasts will change as customer demand develops over time. The communications
model has developed new versions of HTML, Java, GIF, HTTP and many more. It is expected that
new standards will need to be developed for the use in 4G.

ADVANTAGE
 The 4G systems will interoperate with 2G and 3G systems, as well as with digital
(broadband) broadcasting systems. In addition, 4G systems will be fully IP-based
wireless Internet.
 4G in principle will allow high-quality smooth video transmission.
 In 3G only very short music clips can be downloaded. 4G is likely to enable the
download of full length songs or music pieces which may change the market
response dramatically. Music rights will be a major issue to solve.
 3G and 4G Mobile operators have demanded products that will offer PC
capabilities in a PDA form factor.
 Fourth-generation (4G) cellular services, intended to provide mobile data at rates of
100Mbits/sec or more.

OFDM TechnoloCellular Systems

Practical confirmation that the OFDM technology being supported by the WiMAX
Forum(1) is a contender for future fourth generation (4G) cellular systems.
The business of 4Gmobile will be huge. By 2008, this 4Gmobile market will be over $400B.
 CONCLUSION

As the history of mobile communications shows, attempts have been made to reduce a
number of technologies to a single global standard. Projected 4G systems offer this promise of a
standard that can be embraced worldwide through its key concept of integration. Future wireless
networks will need to support diverse IP multimedia applications to allow sharing of resources
among multiple users. There must be a low complexity of implementation and an efficient means
of negotiation between the end users and the wireless infrastructure. The fourth generation
promises to fulfill the goal of PCC (personal computing and communication)—a vision that
affordably provides high data rates everywhere over a wireless network. From 2006 to 2010, this
4Gmobile technology will dominate the wireless communications, and its converged system will
replace most conventional wireless infrastructure.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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