x2 =4, (x#0) LAWS OF RADICALS "Ve = ix (n= evennumber) = x (n= edd number) Vy > ve VT | ig "ire xP | | ow? PRODUCTS — AND FACTORING 4, a(xty) =axtay (xy) Cxty) ox? -% 2 (xt y)? ox? & any ty? PROPERTIES OF COMMON (xy)? x8 ax2y + Buy? 2 y? LOGARITHMS loaxy= bax + loay : | tea(?) = logx - lay | sy? =(xty)( x2 Fxyty?) BINOMIAL EXPANSION es logx" =nlogx (c®) TERM IN THE EXPANSION (xty)" | | lodga-t eee | | legga =n TERM INVOLVING y" IN THE EXPANSION oat =o Viton nee nene PROGRESSION ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION WO TERM NT TERM an = am + (n= mA an om ee SUM (r>1) p(t =1) r-4 uM sot far an] i. so F lent (not) 4] som (ren r Pa z ] | COMMON DIFFERENCE | axPeexte | | =a, -4,= a3 - a, | SOLVING FOR THE ROOTS: | ag- 4 8. Te COMMON RATIO z | | -sxVeP-4ae | aE | | ceveea | HARMONIC PROGRESSION ies ee rr | a | | | Sequence in which the epee ay rae reciprocals form an arithmetic INFINITE GEOMETRIC | “alee | | progression PROGRESSION | PRovuct oF Roots: . | 2 GoM? = AM x HM suM ea | = ay = 1 TERM Gy > nt TERM (LAST) AM ® ARETHMETIC MEAN em =mTERM GM = GEOMETRIC MEAN HM = HARMONEC MEAL ENGINEER ,ANGLES NOLL nor ACUTE 0° <0< 90° RrcHT 08-90" OBTUSE 90° < 0 < 180° STRAIGHT REFLEX 180° < 0 < 300° FULL/PERLIGON 0 = 360° ANGLE CONVERSION Aes seo ex 400 | e400 SUM OF ANGLES (COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES AtB=90° SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES EXPLEMENTARY ANGLES At+B= 300° © QUADRANTAL TRIGO FUNCTIONS Y QL A | all (| [=\ air | s |sine ut} wv / * | qtr) T | tangent aw | ¢ | cosine PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM y Pate ° OBLIQUE TRIANGLES SINE LAW ae y ae ae ¢ COSINE LAW ata 2+ <2 abe cosa b2= 02+ c- Zac cosp cPa aP+ b?- Zab coso PADAYON A TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES F4is0ddo adjacent PYTHAGOREAN RELATIONS | sin? 0 + cos? 0=4 44 tan? 0 = sec*o | 1+ cot70 = csc*o | NEGATIVE RELATIONS | sin(-0) = -sind cot (-0) = -cot 0 c0s(-0) = cos0 tan(-6) = ~teno | | ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION FORMULAS | sin(« £B) = sinxcosp t sinBcos x c0s(x £6) = cosacosB7 sina sing see{-8)= sec0 ese(-0) =-ese0 | eh ce te Oy cana tare cotacotp +1 cota # cote DOUBLE ANGLE FORMULAS sin20 = 2sinOcos0 0520 = cos’ - sin? cor(a tp) = 2tand tanz@ = ——__ 1- tan? @ SPECIAL TRANGLES ELEVATION & DEPRESSION © Angle of Pepression “Ande of ates ANGLE OF ELEVATION = ANGLE OF DEPRESSIONAd POLYGONS _ GENERAL EQUATIONS 2 TRIANGLE ANGLES. AREA OF REGULAR ‘SUM OF INTERIOR ANGLES 4 QUADRILATERAL. = (neytane POLYGONS 1 10 eo. oe 3 " 6 HEXAGON oo 172)(180") * 7 heen INSCRIBED IN A | SUMOFEKTERIOR ANGLES — CiRCiE 8 OCTAGON s=3c0° ioe (=) EXTERIOR ANGLE Aes? sin{ — 9 NONAGON 2 n | Boo" | 10 PECAGON a | san CIRCUMSCRIBING 2056 5c0sAcon DIAGONALS OF A A CIRCLE 100 tecTAcon poem oe Ee) Np = 2 (n-5) 7 1000 curacon ze) TRIANGLES | 4 1 atbte | GENERAL FORMULA: A=—bh An absin@ —Ax/a(s-a)(s-b)(e-<) WHERE; s= | INTERSECTIONS | (\ 5 a centro MEPIANS | SS : | | INCENTER ANGLE BISECTORS | eae e € | rm hers Asr(e-a) (creciueenteR Oe tone QUADRILATERALS ie GIVEN VIAGONALS | B A= | (s-a)(s-b)(s-e)(s-d)-abed cos? 0 AN TNE nee | 7 A : dqdz sing | atbrerd Arc BHD agit 210 2 eRe amnesia | CYCLIC QUAVRILATERAL CIRCUMSCRIBED eae neaed QUAPRILATERALS | i |(aerea)(acted) (debe) ig ar PTOLEMY"S THEOREM: 4d = ac + bd 0 = INTEREOR ANGLE B= EXTERIOR ANGLE A= AREA 2» SEME-PERIMETER = DIAGONALS in = KUMBER OF cIPES ‘5 SUM OF ANGLES (EXT. & INT.) = LENGTH OF ) (2 x ¢ a) | SLOPE FORMLA ANGLE FORMED. | ay See | montana en cae | | PARALLEL PERPENDICULAR | LINES LINES | Axt Byte, Ax + By+Cq=0 AxtBytCp=0 Bx-Ay+Cy=0 mas DISTANCE BETWEEN 2 POINTS | a Gam? +2 - mt | prstance Ber. DISTANCE FROM A LINE | PARALLELLINEs = TO APOINT | ¢ Ramee Axy + Byy + © oe Bete Va? +B? Va? +B? AREAS BY COORDINATES | pal Pa 8e on 2 ie eee ELLIPSE ax! Sa Pat By Fo | HORIZONTAL MAJOR AXIS Gch)? | y-k)* a ae VERTICAL MAJOR AXIS Ge? OW)? 2p" Lees a FOCAL PISTANCE = at - p ECCENTRICITY PADAYON LENGTH OF LATUS RECTUM OF" A CONIC SECTIONS — Ax? + Bxy + cy? roxteyre=0 contes . PESCRIMENANT coerrterent CIRCLE 230 BA4Ac esevcotu lwretans) = SS HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS 4 (4o/ae) a * a 3 cea Tage Flcirhv)= cosh = (cothv) =- esch* v— ik x x x 4 ) (4v/4x) a dy 4 dy ak coe a (coshu) sinus (coer) =~ sechu tan ov? 4 (4/4) 4 ay 4 ay = (ereesev) = - tonne) wsech ur a (ese) => eschv cothu ax Vege jap L thers 8 ° o MAX o (PECREASING) OWN 2 122) xe MIN ° + (INCREASING) up os INFLECTION #0 o - UHOSPITAL'S RULE TANGENTS AND NORMALS TIME RATES etn INCREASING RATES LINE a at RADIUS CURVATURE = CURVATURE noe yee mG) LINE DECREASING RATES pee er i z _ aa a ENGINEERA a | INTEGRAL FUNCTIONS) PLANE AREAS BY INDEFINITE INTEGRALS J @dx-e Jaxaxte S@ dx waxte Ja fondxnatin +c Je vide fod s [vax + 6 TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULA feosxdxesinx tc Jsing dx=-cosx te ftanx ax =-Incosx +e = in|sec |x+e J cot x dx =In sin] x +6 J seex dx=In| seext tanx| +6 Sesex x= In| esex-cotx|+e fsecxtanx dx= secx te Sesexcotxdx=-csexte 2 ese” xdx=-cotx + é HYPERBOLIC FORMULA J sinnxdx = coshx +c Jcoshxdx = sinnx +c J tanh xdx = In coshx +6 J cothxdx In| sinhx | + ¢ J seehxdx = aretan(sinh x) +c =Zarctane™+¢ Jescnxax = intaniS +c m-arccotheX+ POWER FORMULA one Jordon Sate LOGARITHM FORMULA fe-more EXPONENTIAL FORMULA INVERSE TRIGO FUNCTIONS j ax pean Satis Quem te ij ax xfrt= 2 INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNC. poe 2+ a2 ein(ur v2 4a2 +c. + aresin® +6 3 = daresec® +e ante v aresinhe + C a una ‘ -tapelee TRIGO SUBSTITUTION let x=asind let x = atano letx=asecd INTEGRATION BY PARTS. WALLIS’ FORMULA INTEGRATION VERTICAL STRIP " 4 ax HORIZONTAL STRIP E aa TWO CURVES ver curve vr. é lower curve L = oppor erve)— Ybor crve) POLAR COORDINATES ) ‘eB LENGTH OF ARC m&n=botheven; «1/2 | otherwise; « PADAYON| 18" PROPOSITION 2N° PROPOSITION Anas v= 2rRA VOLUME BY INTEGRATION CIRCULAR DISK METHOD “CENTROID MOMENT OF INERTIA fe xy i Vee { Ri dx Fs a Rex fax fant ae ah a plz) me fsat 2 fox) b= £00" Voorn ae re ye 3 CIRCULAR RING METHOD: COMMON GEOMETRIC PROPERTIES h e Terancue a eae RECTANGLE WORK WORK: fev Giecte v= VOLUME A= AREA ‘B « SHORTEST DISTANCE FROM CENTROID: F=FORCE ORDER & DEGREE ———_—TYPES OF FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS | a VARIABLE SEPARABLE HOMOGENEOUS TYPE | me forbid M(xy)dx # NQuy)dy = 0 M(xy)dx + NGxy)dy = 0 l M(x) ax (NG) dy M's degree =N’s degree f @) | eG). yeve | x=vy | LINEAR D.E. TYPE INEXACT D.E. | LINEAR IN Y BERNOULLI'S D.E. ™M ON | out | Ss yr0) + 200 Zoeoo-vaeo ee | | EER F elPOOt. facyelPOM ure (i) = forme acne OG) rele f(-nyPoodx LINEAR IN X Nt (y): sh fet | | ui EXACT D.E. one Fae. a ae | | a xP(y) = @(y) M(x,y)4x + N(x,y)dy = 0 | | Rca MON mM_nM non | | xeJFOM. fag elas c ay oR Biocsaee y Coae | | | | Sf Oddxt fa )ayee ENGINEERPOPULATION a eA LAW OF COOLING GROWTH ag , ee EXPONENTIAL CASE 1: REAL ANP DISTINCT ROOTS yn ce + Ce2% GROWTH ees DECAY CASE 2: REAL ANP REPEATED ROOTS y= ce + Coxe™2* CASE 3: CONJUGATE AN? COMPLEX ROOTS y=e% (cqcosbx + <2 sinbx) CASE 4: REPEATED ANP COMPLEX ROOTS y =e™ (cycosbx + cz sinbx) + xe (cs cosbx + c4 sinbx) EES LIFE va-0*t Po= INITIAL POPULATION To= INITIAL TEMP. t = TIME P = POPULATION Ts = AMBIENT TEMP. - =-VA i/7 a UN As ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION RECTANGULAR FORM (rt a) + (ea + 2) = (art ag) + iC + b2) REC TANGUTAREQEM (ay ep) ~ (ee + Sha) = (en~ 92) + 5b4-b2) MULTIPLICATION TRIGONOMETRIC FORM baie (74204) (rg2Oz) = rary 2 (0440, —= (4201) (r2402) = yg £(4#02) aero [cere DIVISION 4 POLAR FORM a ew 3 a 2 4004 4 g -+.@ : Princ an) @=tan* © io a = POWER OF COMPLEX NUMBER EXPONENTIAL FORM POLAR FORM Cae Ucar eey-r"e(o8) ROOTS OF COMPLEX NUMBER POLAR FORM 11 /ork(seor) oo cos0 + jsmo (reoyn ens (SS oP? See ase nae LOGARITHM. TRIGONOMETRIC FORM ere k ei ee nz = ire)» inr + nel? Uf een =e ner) ae i PADAYONMINOR @ (2) > a= |4 7 é 9 a ms Ae: a weft 4 maze cote ff A Aye > (136-42) = 6 ROW MATREX A=ft 2 3] SQUARE MATRIX 13 2] As|2 2 3) Seti DIAGONAL MATRIX UNIT MATREX 1 alo 0 o 1 ° | COLUMN MATRIX el TRIANGULAR MATRIX ° 2 4 Ae |2 501 SCALAR MATRIX za) a= lo oo NULL MATRIX «tal w “3 MULTIPLICATION fe Selec ee uo + 2(2)) a(n + 4(2)) DIVISION ADDITION & SUBTRACTION 1 a est ‘ i a oo a id = nw ' M ol 1 tsinat at as t cos at. sinh at coshat ENGINEER,SIMULTANEOUS OR ways x k we SUCCESSIVE EVENTS er eee MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE hnways + k ways EVENTS PERMUTATIONS Seceieians ee P 2 nl ntaken nat atime MP (=n ntaken nat atime eal nl (4,", and s alike) 0 pale. os nt Me" Ga plal an CYCLIC OR RING PERMUTATION ny = (0-91 ntaken rat atime (4.8, and s alike) COMBINATION oe ee nl ntaken nat atime Gace vn combinations of n objects taken 1,2,3 wes Mata time C4 or 2 or 3 ...n JOINT PROBABILITY MUTUALLY W/0 COMMON OUTCOMES: EXCLUSIVE Poa orB) “Pathe NON-MUTUALLY W/ COMMON OUTCOMES Exclusive —- P(Aor B) “Pat PB -Fra a By CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY rose rare, [MME INDEPENDENT PROBABILITY Page) ~PaxPe REPEATED TRIALS (BINOMIAL) PROBABILITY. rence oye [IRERelinned UNION (A vB) DIFFERENCE (A - 8) INTERSECTION (4 9 B) (COMPLEMENT (A“) MEAN, % MOvE: AVERAGE MosT FREQUENT MEPIAN: RANGE: MIPPLE MAXIMUM ~ MENIMUM VARIANCE POPULATION SAMPLE Set Sew ot-La a ie 7 STANDARD _RELATIVE VARIATION VARIABILITY z We x Z-SCORE x-%_x-% aa dae “SK terror z GE perz RA PADAYONINTEREST SIMPLE INTEREST NOMINAL RATE EFFECTIVE RATE EEA) (@FSEGRAN OF INTEREST ee Gegm | [oscar mee CONTINUOUS COMPOUNDING ae m= no, of compounding | EXACT INTEREST is hanind ecthe dilated pera [ie ee. 365 days — ordinary yr. oes 366 days leap yr. DISCOUNT RATE OF PISCOUNT COMPOUND INTEREST ee Gio es PEEUE DR : eae ANNUITIES BONDS > ORDINARY ANNUITY ANNUITY DUE atm ; ni Perr [ol ee lar i ceo pa alc | Tara | "lee ary tae) PGE EA as Se n 04 23545¢~0 AEA RD A DEFERRED ANNUITY fron BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS PERPETUITY iGror else al profit est THE TERM OF PAYMENT break-even point oe TOTAL TS INFINETE ae ee INCOME = A valle coat ee oe NSES ea AGA ACA o AT DEPRECIATION STRAIGHT LINE METHOD reenact BveFe(1-k)™ ANNUAL COST OF Wee ey: Sim” YEARS Bm = KFC (1- Kk)" CEERECIATION a DOUBLE DECLINING BALANCE METHOD BOOK VALUE AFTER BV AFC - Fm CONSTANT RATIO. ke2in SRDS. ane) BOOK VALUE AFTER BV = FC (1-k)™ SINKING FUND METHOD Sm YEARS. Din = KFC (1- ky Fe-s¥ nnieoon oes SUM OF THE YEARS DIGIT METHOD se PEPRECEATECN(P) [i i) ] SUM OF THE YEARS PIGLT Pye nce 7 (sy?) Zi TOTAL VEPRECTATION AFTER BV = FC ~Pm Pin PYHP 2 + a Py BOOK VALUE AFTER a Sm” YEARS ae * Sm ari 4 eS rae f=] mi (Fe-50(2a) DIMINISHING BALANCE METHOD [)IN@BBppIRSPaIAEWES) | ANNUAL COST OF DEPRECIATION P2-(Fe-sv) (&) MATHESON FORMULA ans fe eA Rca Fe BOOK VALUE AFTER “m” YEARS BV =FC-Pmm P=PRINCIPAL AMOUNT {= RATE OF INTEREST Mm=N0.OF COMPOINPING i, = NONINALRATE OF INTEREST F=FUTUREAMOWT n= NO.OF INTEREST PERLOPS PERIODS PER YEAR A= ONTEORM AMOUNT/ANMUETY ENGINEERATOMIC STRUCTURE a ATOMIC NUMBER = NO, OF PROTONS = NO. OF ELECTRONS (NEUTRAL) Neutrons Protons & Se Electrons 12.01 — ATOMIC MASS (AMU) = PROTONS + NEUTRONS SUBATOMIC PARTICLES CHARGE MASS (AMU) ELECTRIC CHARGE Mass (KG) ELECTRON (e") “1 0.00055 = 1002 x0 % 9mm x 072" PROTON (er) +1 1.0073 102 x % ec 1673 x 0-27 NEUTRON UNCHARGEV 1.0087 NONE 1675 x 0-27 SOLUTIONS MOLE PERCENT CONCENTRATION MOLARITY, M | Mass. | MASS OF SOLUTE MOLES OF SOLUTE MoLE = 0% MOLECULAR WEIGHT MASS OF SOLUTION” M = [CTERS OF SOLUTION | es AVOGAPRO’S NUMBER | BALANCING EQUATIONS J 4. COUNT THE NUMBER OF ATOMS OF EACH ELEMENT ON BOTH THE REACTANT ANP PROPUCT SIPE 2, DETERMINE THE UNBALANCED ATOMS. 3. BALANCE THE EQUATION ONE ELEMENT AT A TIME BY PLACING COEFFICIENTS ON THE ELEMENTS WHENEVER NECESSARY, 4. RE-CHECK IF THE EQUATION LF IT’S BALANCE. TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTION synriests 6:+e-eo ela awe O©—-6:+e | Baia WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULA +@-@:@ CONES Os Me | |WRITESYMBOL Fe OH | x REMEMBER eS +3 4 DISPLACEMENT @+6O-—G@@+0 Geis SINGLE VOUBLE CROSS THE i - Fe(OH prepacenert | OO+ BO— OO + OB | cmece sls PADAYONLAWS OF MOTION NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION it LAW OF INERTIA hel LAW OF ACCELERATION Fema eo LAW OF REACTION LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION nnn TRANSFORMATION OF KINETIC TO POTENTIAL mee | RECTILINEAR MOTION (Horizontal) 4 corre. OF ent | manson’ RESTITUTION ©" Vo=yp v4 —pi 2 _ ry i : = | REAL-WORLD x eft INELASTIC ae i . POWER PERFECTLY ig t % t ar ELASTIC eo jor CASE 1: CONSTANT VELOCITY POWER = —— PERFECTLY & time INELACTEC seve aso ana = CASE 2: CONSTANT i ROTATIONAL MOTION. vary tat vg = Vy * 2s SAME AS RECTILIMEAR MOTION aig (1) = ACCELERATION v, a yaaa Savyte sat q (htescetsmation ow vue © ets RECTILINEAR MOTION (vernicat) V4 ANALYSIS. a 2 PROJECTILE MOTION va7 tat : -O. X COMPONENT v= vi 208 otter Vox *Vo cos tes Sve sot z X*Voxt (9 2ote vr (4) = Gore Pow Y COMPONENT pea fe MAXIMUM MAXIMUM MAX. HEIGHT: TOTAL TIME RANGE RASC Tine. avo OF FLIGHT 2 2 int 2e a a 2a Fe ronce veveecsty «= AccALERATIOW 0 mcUMOrePLAceMeNT We NEcHT chomunronce — Ecpteraice Pe powen & SmteinanvevocsTy noeace wewerent come STACCRLERATEONDURTO GRAVITY = AMGILAR ACCELERATION work | W = FORCE x PISTANCE eo ENERGY Fat = myg - mvy POTENTIAL ENERGY IMPULSE MOMENTUM PE=Wh=mgh | borat remy KINETIC ENERGY LAW OF CONSERVATION 4 OF MOMENTUM KE = sTRADH P= roRce Aa AREA E=MATERIAL'EMoPULUS oF eLasrecrty __¥” FOESEON'S RATIO Fa roRce 4 vrawereR @-morwus or RIexesTY eA PADAYON ae,TORSION @ + + hee &' - Ge || eet | SOLED SHAFT | t “et t So oe fi 4 HOLLOW SHAFT “erp poe { wat 4 @ t aes ae t 4 2 | * tA) | + - — (p"- df toes rae s Th ANGLE OF TWIET = POWER Pe astn PRESSURE VESSELS THIN-WALLED CYLINDRICAL VESSEL SPHERICAL SHELL TANGENTIAL ed STRESS Siig LONGITUPINAL (BH Pr. STRESS sae, PRESSURE p= INTERNAL PRESSURE fa fe EXTERNAL PREssuRE | WALL STRESS emer ts TYPES OF LOADING F | w CONCENTRATED LOAPS(C) UNIFORMLY PISTRIBUTE? LOAP (V) VARYING LOAP (¥) APPLIED COUPLE COMMON BEAM MOMENT DEFLECTION COMPUTATIONS cd y ¢ 5 ¥ CANTILEVER BEAM FL wi? wi? ed wt wif : yan ere, Set Pia 5oer ‘SIMPLY SUPPORTEP BEAM FL wi? Fu suit 25w4 : 4 Ge. 48 EL 3a4 EL 384 EL FIXEP SUPPORT BEAM | a FL wi? FL? wf wif 4 r : gt Tay weet | Saket 10 EE = CONCENTRATED LOAP —-U = UNIFORMLY PISTRIBUTEDLOAP = V= VARYINGLOAP —_E = MOPULUS OF ELASTICITY 1 = Torave P+ OUTSIPEPIAMETER p= PRESSURE 41 POLAR MOMENT OF ENTERTEA = MowenT 4» INSIDE PrAMETER Ta THICKNESS T= RECTANGULAR MOMENT OF INTERTEA > PIGTANCE FROMNEUTRAL AKIE P= POWER P= rorce YP UNET WEKGHT OR LOA PER UNET LENGTH ENGINEER jdSYSTEM MATTER ENERGY 3 oe Eee) NO NO closer OPEN ISOLATE? THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS q 5 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES 1. MASS 2. PRESSURE Paps ~Patm + Poage | VACUUM» NEGATIVE GAGE | 3. TEMPERATURE oF = 180 432 oF = 32 ry Kec +275 Rao + 400 4. SPECIFIC VOLUME oe veel ‘SPECIFIC GRAVITY Privid _ ¥flvid a7 —— Pstd ¥std. 5. INTERNAL ENERGY vem 6. ENTHALPY HeUtPV;H=mh 7. ENTROPY as fase | Sev 8. SPECIFIC HEAT Q@ ioe maT ‘ey = constant vole me pm constant pressure GENERAL GAS LAWS PV = MRT. PV = nT FOR ANY GAS — MASS OF GAS Deer z men n=No.0F MOLES, Re— M UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANT CONSTANT EQUATION Way, -f 4 ee CHARLES? LAW PRESSURE Vr, as, BOYLE’SLAW TEMPERATURE Pye Pave : Pia GAY LUSSAC’S LAW VOLUME 1, ay E, avocapeors Law —_ PRESSURE, MYNME Si TEMPERATURE 2" [Ma” /Re COMBINED GAS LAW NONE Sn he DALTON’s LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE Pays ABCOLUTE PRECEIRE gage ~ CAGE PRESSURE Poem” ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PADAYON vir @ Boundary Pre Pat Pz wut Pr STEADY FLOW Wop - J VAP | Wee = V(Py— Pe) @ NON- FLOW vy [ines LAU & Wap eee <4), RELATIONS OF SPECIFIC HEATS. ee me pect poe a G@CONSTANT PRESSURE @CONSTANT VOLUME ke a e 4 Na mat oP" Rai mat | LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS ZEROTH LAW THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM: | TfA=B,andB=c | thenA=C ce is | | | FIRST LAW (CONSERVATION OF ENERGY) no Or: PE;+ KE, + y+ = |" Wi, WHERE, +Kez # Hz SECOND LAW | | ENTROPY Is A MEASURE OF MOLECULAR PESORDER THIRD LAW ENTROPY OF A SYSTEM APPROACHES A CONSTANT | VALUE As THE TEMPERATURE APPROACHES | ABSOLUTE ZERO | CARNOT CYCLE HEAT ENGINE CARNOT HEAT PUMP CARNOT REFRIGERATOR | sip ox Spt reve work work 4 a as! | y 1 | 4 iL |) CoP pe = CoPR= Tae Po pResciRe: Ve SPECIFICVAWE ce ceLst¥s Mee” STEAPY FLOW WORK v= VOLUME: pe voustry FH FAWRENNEIT Way = NOW. FLOW WORK TeTENPERATIRE —59=-SPECIFICORAVITY k= KELYIW em errrcrENcY aeteat Wr EPECIFICWEIGHT R= RANKINE CoP = COEFFICIENT OF PesrORUANCEPROCESS | Wie el Were dU Ane Ag AS 2 ISOMETRIC ° V(P)-P2) eye = mepat meyat meyin( = 1 Te ISOBARIC P(v2-%4) ° meyst ——mepat mepat mepin( == 1 : 2 V2 V2 ISOTHERMAL metin( 2) Wop = Wine ° ° metin( mein( vi a Mj me(T2 - 7} ISENTROPIC _ ie : ) Wing = Wnt mepat o ° mR(Tz - 74) Ne POLYTROPIC , Wns meyat ep mepdt menin( <2 aR i AVPLTIONAL INFORMATION | rsoparre Pyne e = : |” TeoTHERI | a 2 2 Vv, PV ke on [_ssorermal | tee | not 1k 2-() -(2) enn | rsentrorrc | pvkac | n=k | paiiienaAnial 2 \% Pe, 1. SPECIFIC WEIGHT w ri 2. MASS w m= 3 3, DENSITY m_ MASS P* 0" VOLUME 4, SPECIFIC GRAVITY ’. x a= (fll. Mia Pstd ¥etd, FLUID PRESSURE Fe poe A (cee + come vr PASCAL'S PRINCIPLE renee ee FLUID PROPERTIES CAPILLARY ACTION 5. SPECIFIC VOLUME 7. SURFACE TENSION Meniscus: SS ee Hees (Ae See PR a on 6. VISCOSITY 4 DYNAMIC (ABSOLUTE) LIQUID BUBBLE (F/A) oe | ha~ 2 P= Pin- Pout. | Lamas Mibeciemereagh| CONSTANTS KINEMATIC JURIN’S LAW a Be e FLUID STATICS Ligsld at rest Paps ~Patm — "Yair Free SerfaceiZ0,PoP. Ve EPECIFICVOLIME = mace Y=SPECIFIC WEIGHT d=PLANETER R= RAPIUG OF BUBBLE OR PROP PENSITY We WexcHT SPECIFIC GRAVITY 9 = GRAVITY ie KINEMATIC VESCosETY y= PYNAuEc viscosrTy nT = AREA SURFACE TENSION P= pReceune AFORE = CONTACTANGLE ENGINEER wd= BUOYANCY (ARCHIMEDES! PRINCIPLE) Fy=Ma ee i ee Fyn ¥ Vg body FLUID FLOW IN PIPES CONTINUITY EQUATION mo mg Praia = Pz Az V2. BERNOULLI'S EQUATION 2 fey 26 REYNOLD‘S NUMBER LAMINAR FLOW Re < 2000 ww, Re pee TRANSITION FLOW (2000 < Re < 4000 Me ma TURBULENT FLOW Re > 4000 MAJOR HEAD LOSS Parcy-Weisbach equation Ly (v2) a-16)(5) PIPE ARRANGEMENT MINOR HEAD LOSS aa (8 SERIES Q=Q4- z= a3 oly mmm thy PARALLEL. @ Q=Qy+ Qe Qs @ Pe hen hy DRAG FORCES. az, Far cat Ap oe [[emccan ve vouume He Hero Fp BuovAKT FoRcE Wy WEIGHT oF PESPLACED VOLUME Vj PLEPLACED VoLUME PADAYON ve vevocery Po pressuRe 2 = ELEVATION FREE BOVY PLAGRAM HYDROSTATIC FORCE ON PLANE SURFACE ‘SUBMERGEP VERTICALLY FeytiAp hehte SUBMERGED AT AN ANGLE FOR CURVEP SURFACE WEIRS BM cectancuran were av - ple pmo -cu0 ay TRIANGULAR WEIR: a= cys ORIFICE ve cy VZeh theoretic, =10 thaeretledC)=10 Cyho V2ah Fe roRce L-PIre exc P=piaerer hy = HEAPLose COEFFICIENT oF VELOCITY