PRACTICAL-1

STRING FUNCTION
AIM-To study of string function.

OBJECTIVE-Applying different string fuction to individual value and table data .

THEORY-The string function MySQL can manipulate the text string in many ways.So we need to

perform operatation.

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENTS;

+--------+-----------+-------+---------+

| SCR_NO | STU_NAME | CLASS | SECTION |

+--------+-----------+-------+---------+

| 1 | SHIVA | 11 | A |

| 2 | ALAKH | 11 | A |

| 3 | AKASH | 11 | A |

| 4 | CHAITANYA | 11 | A |

| 5 | PALASH | 11 | A |

+--------+-----------+-------+---------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

SYNTAX-CONCAT(str1,str2,..)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT CONCAT(STU_NAME,' ',SECTION) AS 'STUDENT SEC' FROM STUDENTS;

+-------------+

| STUDENT SEC |
+-------------+

| SHIVA A |

| ALAKH A |

| AKASH A |

| CHAITANYA A |

| PALASH A |

+-------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION JOINS TWO STRING

SYNTAX-UPPER(str) or UCASE(str)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT UPPER (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;

+------------------+

| UPPER (STU_NAME) |

+------------------+

| SHIVA |

| ALAKH |

| AKASH |

| CHAITANYA |

| PALASH |

+------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

STRING IN UPPER CASE

SYNTAX-LOWER(str) OR LCASE(str)
CODE-

mysql> SELECT LOWER('KRISHNA') AS LOWER;

+---------+

| LOWER |

+---------+

| krishna |

+---------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT STU_NAME,LOWER (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;

+-----------+------------------+

| STU_NAME | LOWER (STU_NAME) |

+-----------+------------------+

| SHIVA | shiva |

| ALAKH | alakh |

| AKASH | akash |

| CHAITANYA | chaitanya |

| PALASH | palash |

+-----------+------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

STRING IN LOWER CASE

SYNTAX-LENGTH(str)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT LENGTH(' KING IS ALWAYS KING');

+--------------------------------+

| LENGTH(' KING IS ALWAYS KING') |

+--------------------------------+

| 20 |

+--------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT STU_NAME,LENGTH (STU_NAME) FROM STUDENTS;

+-----------+-------------------+

| STU_NAME | LENGTH (STU_NAME) |

+-----------+-------------------+

| SHIVA | 5|

| ALAKH | 5|

| AKASH | 5|

| CHAITANYA | 9|

| PALASH | 6|

+-----------+-------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

THE LENGTH OF THE GIVEN STRING IN BYTES.

SYNTAX-RIGHT(str,index)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT RIGHT(STU_NAME,4) FROM STUDENTS;

+-------------------+

| RIGHT(STU_NAME,4) |

+-------------------+
| HIVA |

| LAKH |

| KASH |

| ANYA |

| LASH |

+-------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

THE RIGHT MOST NUMBER OF CARACTERS AS SPECIFIED

SYNTAX-LEFT(str,INDEX)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT LEFT(STU_NAME,4) FROM STUDENTS;

+------------------+

| LEFT(STU_NAME,4) |

+------------------+

| SHIV |

| ALAK |

| AKAS |

| CHAI |

| PALA |

+------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS

THE LEFTMOST NUMBER OF CARACTERS AS SPECIFIED

SYNTAX-SUBSTR(str,starting index,no of caracters)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT SUBSTR(STU_NAME,1,5) FROM STUDENTS;

+----------------------+

| SUBSTR(STU_NAME,1,5) |

+----------------------+

| SHIVA |

| ALAKH |

| AKASH |

| CHAIT |

| PALAS |

+----------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7)

-> ;

+-----------------------------------+

| SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7) |

+-----------------------------------+

| KING IS |

+-----------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',-11,6);

+-------------------------------------+
| SUBSTR('KING IS ALWAYS KING',-11,6) |

+-------------------------------------+

| ALWAYS |

+-------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS SUBSTRING FROM THAT STRING

SYNTAX-LTRIM(str)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT LTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING');

+-------------------------------+

| LTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING') |

+-------------------------------+

| KING IS ALWAYS KING |

+-------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES LEADING SPACES

SYNTAX-RTRIM(str)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT RTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ');

+--------------------------------------+

| RTRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ') |

+--------------------------------------+

| KING IS ALWAYS KING |

+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES TRAILING SPACES

SYNTAX-TRIM(str)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT TRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ');

+----------------------------------------+

| TRIM(' KING IS ALWAYS KING ') |

+----------------------------------------+

| KING IS ALWAYS KING |

+----------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION REMOVES SPACES FROM BOTH SIDE

SYNTAX-(str1,str2)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT INSTR(' KING IS',' ALWAYS KING');

+----------------------------------+

| INSTR(' KING IS',' ALWAYS KING') |

+----------------------------------+

| 0|

+----------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION SEARCHES FOR GIVEN STRING INTO THE GIVEN FIRST STRING

SYNTAX-MID(str,starting index,no of caracters)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT mid('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7)

-> ;

+--------------------------------+

| mid('KING IS ALWAYS KING',1,7) |

+--------------------------------+

| KING IS |

+--------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS MIDDLE PART OF THAT STRING

PRACTICAL-2

DATE & TIME FUNCTION

SYNTAX-CURDATE()

CODE-

mysql> select curdate();

+------------+

| curdate() |

+------------+

| 2023-03-05 |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS CURRENT DATE

SYNTAX-DATE(date)

CODE-

mysql> select DATE('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+-----------------------------+

| DATE('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |

+-----------------------------+

| 2006-10-11 |

+-----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS ONLY DATE PART

SYNTAX-MONTH(date)

CODE-

mysql> select MONTH('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+------------------------------+

| MONTH('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |

+------------------------------+

| 10 |

+------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS ONLY MONTH

SYNTAX-MONTHNAME(date)

CODE-

mysql> select MONTHNAME('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+----------------------------------+

| MONTHNAME('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+----------------------------------+

| October |

+----------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS MONTH NAME.

SYNTAX-DAY(date)

CODE-

mysql> select DAY('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+----------------------------+

| DAY('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |

+----------------------------+

| 11 |

+----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS ONLY DAY

SYNTAX-YEAR(date)

CODE-

mysql> select YEAR('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+-----------------------------+

| YEAR('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |

+-----------------------------+

| 2006 |

+-----------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION EXTRACTS ONLY YEAR

SYNTAX-DAYNAME(date)

CODE-

mysql> select DAYNAME('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+--------------------------------+

| DAYNAME('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |

+--------------------------------+

| Wednesday |

+--------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS DAYNAME

SYNTAX-DAYOFMONTH(date)

CODE-

mysql> select DAYOFMONTH('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+-----------------------------------+

| DAYOFMONTH('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |

+-----------------------------------+

| 11 |

+-----------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS DAY OF MONTH

SYNTAX-DAYOFWEEK(date)

CODE-

mysql> select DAYOFWEEK('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+----------------------------------+

| DAYOFWEEK('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |
+----------------------------------+

| 4|

+----------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS DAY OF WEEK

SYNTAX-DAYOFYEAR(date)

CODE-

mysql> select DAYOFYEAR('2006-10-11 05:05:05');

+----------------------------------+

| DAYOFYEAR('2006-10-11 05:05:05') |

+----------------------------------+

| 284 |

+----------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS DAY OF YEAR

SYNTAX-NOW()

CODE-

mysql> SELECT NOW();

+---------------------+

| NOW() |

+---------------------+

| 2023-03-05 23:16:50 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS CURRENT TIME

SYNTAX-SYSDATE()

CODE-

mysql> SELECT SYSDATE();

+---------------------+

| SYSDATE() |

+---------------------+

| 2023-03-05 23:17:37 |

+---------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS EXECUTION TIME

PRACTICAL-3

NUMERIC FUNCTIONS
AIM- TO STUDY ABOUT NUMERIC FUNCTION

OBJECTIVE-TO PERFORM NUMERIC OPERATIONS AND SEE EXECUTION

THEORY-THE NUMBER FUNCTION ARE THOSE FUNCTION THAT ACCEPT NUMERIC VALUES AND AFTER
PERFORMING THE REQUUIRED OPERATION

SYNTAX-MOD(m,n) OR M%N OR M MOD N

CODE-

mysql> SELECT MOD(CLASS,11) FROM STUDENTS;

+---------------+

| MOD(CLASS,11) |

+---------------+

| 0|
| 0|

| 0|

| 0|

| 0|

+---------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT MOD(4,2);

+----------+

| MOD(4,2) |

+----------+

| 0|

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT MOD(2,4);

+----------+

| MOD(2,4) |

+----------+

| 2|

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUCTION RETUNS MODULUS OR REMMINDER OF GIVEN TWO NUMBERS

SYNTAX-POWER(m,n) OR POW(m,n)

CODE-
mysql> SELECT POWER(2,3);

+------------+

| POWER(2,3) |

+------------+

| 8|

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT POW(CLASS,2) FROM STUDENTS;

+--------------+

| POW(CLASS,2) |

+--------------+

| 121 |

| 121 |

| 121 |

| 121 |

| 121 |

+--------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUCTION RETUNS POWER OF GIVEN NUMBER

SYNTAX-ROUND(n,m)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT ROUND(22.22222,1);

+-------------------+
| ROUND(22.22222,1) |

+-------------------+

| 22.2 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(22.22222,3);

+-------------------+

| ROUND(22.22222,3) |

+-------------------+

| 22.222 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.532,0) ;

+-----------------+

| ROUND(15.532,0) |

+-----------------+

| 16 |

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15,532);

+---------------+

| ROUND(15,532) |

+---------------+
| 15 |

+---------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.532,1);

+-----------------+

| ROUND(15.532,1) |

+-----------------+

| 15.5 |

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.532,-1);

+------------------+

| ROUND(15.532,-1) |

+------------------+

| 20 |

+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.532,2);

+-----------------+

| ROUND(15.532,2) |

+-----------------+

| 15.53 |
+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.551,2);

+-----------------+

| ROUND(15.551,2) |

+-----------------+

| 15.55 |

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.555,2);

+-----------------+

| ROUND(15.555,2) |

+-----------------+

| 15.56 |

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.55,-1);

+-----------------+

| ROUND(15.55,-1) |

+-----------------+

| 20 |

+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(14.55,-1);

+-----------------+

| ROUND(14.55,-1) |

+-----------------+

| 10 |

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(17.12,-2);

+-----------------+

| ROUND(17.12,-2) |

+-----------------+

| 0|

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(185,-2);

+---------------+

| ROUND(185,-2) |

+---------------+

| 200 |

+---------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(15.499,0);

+-----------------+

| ROUND(15.499,0) |

+-----------------+

| 15 |

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUCTION RETUNS ROUND OFF OF GIVEN NUMBER

SYNTAX-SIGN(n)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT SIGN(11);

+----------+

| SIGN(11) |

+----------+

| 1|

+----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SIGN(-11);

+-----------+

| SIGN(-11) |

+-----------+

| -1 |
+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS SIGN OF GIVEN NO.

LIKE –VE VALUE RETURNS -1

+VE VALUE RETURNS

0 RETUNS 0

SYNTAX-SQRT(n)
CODE-

mysql> SELECT SQRT(4);

+---------+

| SQRT(4) |

+---------+

| 2|

+---------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUCTION RETUNS SQUARE ROOT OF THAT NO.

SYNTAX-TRUNCATE(m,n)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT TRUNCATE(PERCENT,1 )FROM STUDENTS;

+----------------------+

| TRUNCATE(PERCENT,1 ) |

+----------------------+

| 98.2 |

| 74.3 |

| 84.2 |

| 99.9 |
| 65.5 |

+----------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(PERCENT,1 )FROM STUDENTS;

+-------------------+

| ROUND(PERCENT,1 ) |

+-------------------+

| 98.2 |

| 74.3 |

| 84.3 |

| 100 |

| 65.6 |

+-------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT TRUNCATE(PERCENT,-1)FROM STUDENTS;

+----------------------+

| TRUNCATE(PERCENT,-1) |

+----------------------+

| 90 |

| 70 |

| 80 |

| 90 |

| 60 |

+----------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(PERCENT,-1)FROM STUDENTS;

+-------------------+

| ROUND(PERCENT,-1) |

+-------------------+

| 100 |

| 70 |

| 80 |

| 100 |

| 70 |

+-------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT TRUNCATE(PERCENT,-2)FROM STUDENTS;

+----------------------+

| TRUNCATE(PERCENT,-2) |

+----------------------+

| 0|

| 0|

| 0|

| 0|

| 0|

+----------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT ROUND(PERCENT,-2)FROM STUDENTS;

+-------------------+

| ROUND(PERCENT,-2) |
+-------------------+

| 100 |

| 100 |

| 100 |

| 100 |

| 100 |

+-------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select truncate(15.15,-1);

+--------------------+

| truncate(15.15,-1) |

+--------------------+

| 10 |

+--------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select truncate(15.1515,-1);

+----------------------+

| truncate(15.1515,-1) |

+----------------------+

| 10 |

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select truncate(15.1515,-2);

+----------------------+

| truncate(15.1515,-2) |
+----------------------+

| 0|

+----------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select truncate(99,-2);

+-----------------+

| truncate(99,-2) |

+-----------------+

| 0|

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select truncate(99,-1);

+-----------------+

| truncate(99,-1) |

+-----------------+

| 90 |

+-----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select truncate(199,-2);

+------------------+

| truncate(199,-2) |

+------------------+

| 100 |

+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETUNS A NUMBER WITH SOME DIGITS TRUNCATED

PRACTICAL-4

AGGRIGTE FUNCTONS
AIM-TO STUDY AGGRIGATE FUNCTIONS.

OBJECT-TO APPLY AGGRIGATE FUNCTION AND SEE OUTPUT.

THEORY-AGGRICATE FUNCTION WORKS UPON GROUPS OF ROWS RATHER THAN ON SINGLE ROWS.

SYNTAX-AVG(n)

CODE-

mysql> SELECT AVG(PERCENT) 'AVG %' FROM STUDENTS;

+------------------+

| AVG % |

+------------------+

| 84.4739990234375 |

+------------------+

1 row in set (0.02 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION COMPUTES THE AVERAGE OF GIVEN DATA.

SYNTAX-COUNT(expr)

CODE:

COUNT(PERCENT) 'TOTAL %' FROM STUDENTS;

+---------+

| TOTAL % |

+---------+

| 5|

+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION COUNTS THE NUMBER OF ROWS IN A GIVEN COLUMN OR EXPRESSION.

SYNTAX-MAX(exp)

mysql> SELECT MAX(PERCENT)FROM STUDENTS;

+--------------+

| MAX(PERCENT) |

+--------------+

| 99.99 |

+--------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS THE MAXIMUM VALUE FROM A GIVEN COLUMN OR

EXPRESSION

SYNTAX-

mysql> SELECT MIN(PERCENT)FROM STUDENTS;

+--------------+

| MIN(PERCENT) |

+--------------+

| 65.55 |

+--------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS THE MINI VALUE FROM A GIVEN COLUMN OR EXPRESSION

SYNTAX-SUM(n)

mysql> SELECT SUM(PERCENT)FROM STUDENTS;

+-------------------+

| SUM(PERCENT) |

+-------------------+
| 422.3699951171875 |

+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THIS FUNCTION RETURNS THE SUM OF VALUE IN PERCENT COLUMN.

PRACTICAL – 6

GROUP BY CLAUSE
AIM- TO PERFORM QUERIES WITH GROUP BY CLAUSE

OBJECTIVE-TO COMBINES ALL RECORDS IN GROUP

THEORY-THE GROUP BY CLAUSE COMBINES ALL THOSE RECORDS THAT HAVE IDENTICAL VALUES IN A
PARTICULAR FIELD OR A GROUP OF FEILDS

mysql> SELECT CLASS, MAX(MARKS) FROM STUDENT

-> GROUP BY CLASS;

+-------+------------+

| CLASS | MAX(MARKS) |

+-------+------------+

| 10 | 88 |

| 12 | 69 |

| 11 | 99 |

+-------+------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT SEC, MAX(MARKS) FROM STUDENT

-> GROUP BY SEC;

+------+------------+
| SEC | MAX(MARKS) |

+------+------------+

|A | 99 |

|B | 85 |

+------+------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CLASS, COUNT(SNAME) FROM STUDENT

-> GROUP BY CLASS;

+-------+--------------+

| CLASS | COUNT(SNAME) |

+-------+--------------+

| 10 | 4|

| 12 | 3|

| 11 | 3|

+-------+--------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CLASS, COUNT(SNAME) FROM STUDENT

-> GROUP BY CLASS

-> ORDER BY CLASS;

+-------+--------------+

| CLASS | COUNT(SNAME) |

+-------+--------------+

| 10 | 4|

| 11 | 3|

| 12 | 3|
+-------+--------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CLASS, MAX(MARKS) FROM STUDENT

-> GROUP BY CLASS

-> ORDER BY CLASS DESC;

+-------+------------+

| CLASS | MAX(MARKS) |

+-------+------------+

| 12 | 69 |

| 11 | 99 |

| 10 | 88 |

+-------+------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CLASS, COUNT(MARKS) FROM STUDENT

-> GROUP BY CLASS

-> ORDER BY CLASS DESC;

+-------+--------------+

| CLASS | COUNT(MARKS) |

+-------+--------------+

| 12 | 3|

| 11 | 3|

| 10 | 4|

+-------+--------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CLASS, COUNT(MARKS) FROM STUDENT

 -> GROUP BY CLASS

-> HAVING CLASS=11;

+-------+--------------+

| CLASS | COUNT(MARKS) |

+-------+--------------+

| 11 | 3|

+-------+--------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CLASS, COUNT(MARKS) FROM STUDENT

-> GROUP BY CLASS

-> HAVING CLASS=11;

+-------+--------------+

| CLASS | COUNT(MARKS) |

+-------+--------------+

| 11 | 3|

+-------+--------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT CLASS,MAX(MARKS) FROM STUDENT

-> GROUP BY CLASS

-> HAVING CLASS=12;

+-------+------------+

| CLASS | MAX(MARKS) |

+-------+------------+

| 12 | 69 |

+-------+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION- IT COMBINES ALL THOSE RECORDS THAT HAVE IDENTICAL VALUES IN A PARTICULAR
FIELD OR A GROUP OF FEILDS

PRACTICAL-5

ORDER BY CLAUSE
AIM-TO PERFORM ORDER BY FUNCTION

OBJECTIVE-TO ORDER THE RESULT SET ON MMULTIPLE COLUMNS

THEORY-THE ORDER BY CLAUSE ALLOWS YOU TO INCLUDE THE MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION TO ORDER
THE RESULT SET BY IT.

SYNTAX-SELECT FROM<tbname>

ORDER BY <feildname>[ASC|DESC]………….;

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT;

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

| SR_NO | SNAME | CLASS | SEC | MARKS |

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

| 1 | AJAY | 10 | A | 78 |

| 2 | SANJAY | 12 | A | 64 |

| 3 | HARSHIT | 10 | A | 85 |

| 4 | KAMAL | 11 | A | 75 |

| 5 | SURESH | 10 | A | 88 |

| 6 | PALASH | 11 | A | 99 |

| 7 | SHASHANK | 11 | A | 95 |
| 8 | SHIVA | 12 | A | 69 |

| 9 | SHIVA | 12 | B | 69 |

| 10 | VIMAL | 10 | B | 85 |

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

<mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT order by class asc,sec desc;

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

| SR_NO | SNAME | CLASS | SEC | MARKS |

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

| 10 | VIMAL | 10 | B | 85 |

| 1 | AJAY | 10 | A | 78 |

| 3 | HARSHIT | 10 | A | 85 |

| 5 | SURESH | 10 | A | 88 |

| 4 | KAMAL | 11 | A | 75 |

| 6 | PALASH | 11 | A | 99 |

| 7 | SHASHANK | 11 | A | 95 |

| 9 | SHIVA | 12 | B | 69 |

| 2 | SANJAY | 12 | A | 64 |

| 8 | SHIVA | 12 | A | 69 |

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT order by SEC asc,CLASS desc;

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

| SR_NO | SNAME | CLASS | SEC | MARKS |

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+
| 2 | SANJAY | 12 | A | 64 |

| 8 | SHIVA | 12 | A | 69 |

| 4 | KAMAL | 11 | A | 75 |

| 6 | PALASH | 11 | A | 99 |

| 7 | SHASHANK | 11 | A | 95 |

| 1 | AJAY | 10 | A | 78 |

| 3 | HARSHIT | 10 | A | 85 |

| 5 | SURESH | 10 | A | 88 |

| 9 | SHIVA | 12 | B | 69 |

| 10 | VIMAL | 10 | B | 85 |

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM STUDENT order by SEC asc,CLASS desc,MARKS ASC;

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

| SR_NO | SNAME | CLASS | SEC | MARKS |

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

| 2 | SANJAY | 12 | A | 64 |

| 8 | SHIVA | 12 | A | 69 |

| 4 | KAMAL | 11 | A | 75 |

| 7 | SHASHANK | 11 | A | 95 |

| 6 | PALASH | 11 | A | 99 |

| 1 | AJAY | 10 | A | 78 |

| 3 | HARSHIT | 10 | A | 85 |

| 5 | SURESH | 10 | A | 88 |

| 9 | SHIVA | 12 | B | 69 |
| 10 | VIMAL | 10 | B | 85 |

+-------+----------+-------+------+-------+

10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

OBSERVATION-THE QUERY WILL EXECUTES THE TABLE ORDER BY A PARTICULAR COLUMN ASCENDING
OR DESCENDING.