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Relation Between Variables .

The document discusses the relationship between variables in scientific research. It defines independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the cause or stimulus that is manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is the effect or response that is measured by the researcher. An example is given of an experiment studying the effects of a new medication on blood pressure. The treatment (medication vs placebo) is the independent variable that is varied between groups, while the measured blood pressure is the dependent variable. Confounding variables are those that influence the dependent variable in addition to or instead of the independent variable.

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14 views

Relation Between Variables .

The document discusses the relationship between variables in scientific research. It defines independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is the cause or stimulus that is manipulated by the researcher. The dependent variable is the effect or response that is measured by the researcher. An example is given of an experiment studying the effects of a new medication on blood pressure. The treatment (medication vs placebo) is the independent variable that is varied between groups, while the measured blood pressure is the dependent variable. Confounding variables are those that influence the dependent variable in addition to or instead of the independent variable.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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RELATION BETWEEN VARIABLES

MARIAM AMR JANA AHMED


WHAT ARE VARIABLES…..

 In research, variables are any characteristics that can take on different values, such as height, age, species, or exam
score.

 In scientific research, we often want to study the effect of one variable on another one. For example, you might
want to test whether students who spend more time studying get better exam scores.

 The variables in a study of a cause-and-effect relationship are called the independent and dependent variables.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE……….

 The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study.

 In experimental research, the independent variable is manipulated or changed by the experimenter to measure
the effect of this change on the dependent variable.

 Sometimes, the variable you think is the cause might not be fully independent – it might be influenced by other
variables. In this case, one of these terms is more appropriate:

Explanatory variables (they explain an event or outcome)


Predictor variables (they can be used to predict the value of a dependent variable)
Right-hand-side variables (they appear on the right-hand side of a regression equation).
DEPENDANT VARIABLE……..

 The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.

 In experimental research, the dependant variable is observed , followed and measured by the experimenter.

 Other names for dependent variables


 Dependent variables are also known by these terms:

Response variables (they respond to a change in another variable)


Outcome variables (they represent the outcome you want to measure)
Left-hand-side variables (they appear on the left-hand side of a regression equation)
EXPERIMENT EXAMPLE……

You are studying the impact of a new medication on the blood pressure of patients with hypertension.
 To test whether the medication is effective, you divide your patients into two groups. One group takes the
medication, while the other group takes a sugar pill placebo.

 Your independent variable is the treatment that you vary between groups: which type of pill the patient receives.

 Your dependent variable is the outcome that you measure: the blood pressure of the patients.

 The independent variable is usually applied at different levels to see how the outcome differs.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF VARIABLES …...

 The dependent variable is represented by the X axis .

X
 The independent variable is represented by the Y axis.
MCQS

In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated is called the…

 Confounding variable.
 Dependent variable.
 Response variable.
 Independant variable.
In an experiment, the variable that is being measured is referred to as the….

 Independent variable
 Dependant variable.
 Measurement variable.
 confounding variable
A variable that changes in a systematic way with the independent variable and may also affect the dependent variable
is known as a….

 Error variable
 Problem variable
 Confounding variable.
 Intruder variable
In an experimental design, the dependent variable is:

 a) The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed
 b) The one that is manipulated in order to observe any effects on the other
 c) A measure of the extent to which personal values affect research
 d) An ambiguous concept whose meaning depends on how it is defined
Which of the following best describes a confounding variable?

 A variable that is manipulated by the experimenter.


 A variable that has been measured using an unreliable scale.
 A variable that affects the outcome being measured as well as, or instead of, the independent variable.
 A variable that is made up only of categories.
A variable that measures the effect that manipulating another variable has is known as:

 A dependent variable
 A confounding variable
 A predictor variable
 An independent variable
A predictor variable is another name for:

 A dependent variable
 An independent variable
 A confounding variable
 A discrete variable
THANK YOU

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