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MAT120 Fall 2022-2023 Chapter 14 Exam

This document is a calculus exam for functions of several variables with 6 questions. It provides instructions for students to show work, not use electronic devices, box answers, and not write on desks. The questions calculate limits, gradients, directional derivatives, tangent planes, and extrema subject to constraints. The exam tests key concepts in multivariate calculus.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
40 views4 pages

MAT120 Fall 2022-2023 Chapter 14 Exam

This document is a calculus exam for functions of several variables with 6 questions. It provides instructions for students to show work, not use electronic devices, box answers, and not write on desks. The questions calculate limits, gradients, directional derivatives, tangent planes, and extrema subject to constraints. The exam tests key concepts in multivariate calculus.

Uploaded by

tradecredible
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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METU

Northern Cyprus Campus


Calculus for Functions of Several Variables
Chapter 14 Exam
Code : Math 120 Last Name: List No:
Acad.Year : 2022-2023 Name:
Semester : Fall Signature:
Date : 26.11.2022 Student No:
Time : 14:40 6 QUESTIONS 4 PAGES
Duration : 50 minutes TOTAL 50 POINTS
Q1(8) Q2(10) Q3(6) Q4(6) Q5(6) Q6(14)

Show your work! No electronic devices! Please draw a box around your answers!
Please do not write on your desk!
1. (4 + 4 = 8 pts.) Find the limit, if it exists and prove that number is the limit; otherwise,
prove that the limit does not exist.
2x2 + tan(y 2 )
(a) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2

2x2 + tan(y 2 ) tan(y 2 )


On the curve x = 0, lim = lim = 1.
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 y→0 y2
2x2 + tan(y 2 ) 2x2
On the curve y = 0, lim = lim = 2.
(x,y)→(0,0) x2 + y 2 x→0 x2

Since we have two different limits on two different curves that approach (0, 0),
the original limit does not exist.
x4 sin(y 2 )
(b) lim
(x,y)→(0,0) x4 + y 2
x4
For all (x, y) 6= (0, 0), 0 ≤ x4 ≤ x4 + y 2 , so we have 0 ≤ 4 ≤ 1.
x + y2
x4 sin(y 2 )
Multiplying each term by | sin(y 2 )|, we get 0 ≤ ≤ | sin(y 2 )|, which implies
x4 + y 2

x4 sin(y 2 )
−| sin(y 2 )| ≤ ≤ | sin(y 2 )|.
x4 + y 2

x4 sin(y 2 )
Since lim ±| sin(y 2 )| = 0, by Squeeze Theorem, lim = 0.
(x,y)→(0,0) (x,y)→(0,0) x4 + y 2
2. (4 + 4 + 2 = 10 pts.) Let f (x, y) = x2 + xy 3 .

(a) Calculate ∇f (2, 1), in other words, the gradient of f (x, y) at the point (2, 1).

∇f (2, 1) = hfx , fy i
(2,1)

= h2x + y 3 , 3xy 2 i
(2,1)

= h5, 2i

Therefore ∇f (2, 1) = h5, 6i.


(b) Calculate the directional derivative of f (x, y) at the point (2, 1) in the direction of
v = h5, −12i.
 
5 −12
The unit vector in the direction of v = h5, −12i is u = , , hence
13 13

 
5 −12 5 · 5 + 6 · (−12) −47
Du f (2, 1) = ∇f (2, 1) • u = h5, 6i • , = = .
13 13 13 13

(c) Find the direction in which f increases most rapidly at the point (2, 1).

The direction in which f (x, y) increases most rapidly at a point (a, b) is the direction
of the gradient at that point, i.e., ∇f (a, b).  
∇f (2, 1) 5 6
Therefore, answer we are looking for is u = = √ ,√ .
||∇f (2, 1)|| 61 61

3. (6 pts.) Write an equation of the tangent plane to the surface given by

xz + cos(z 2 ) + 1 = x2 y + y 3

at the point P (−1, 1, 0).

For a level surface F (x, y, z) = C where F is has continuous partial derivatives at the
point (a, b, c), ∇F (a, b, c) is a normal vector for the tangent plane of the surface.
We write xz + cos(z 2 ) + 1 = x2 y + y 3 as F (x, y, z) = xz + cos(z 2 ) + 1 − x2 y − y 3 = 0.
Therefore,

∇F (−1, 1, 0) = hz − 2xy, −x2 − 3y 2 , x − sin(z 2 ) · (2z)i = h2, −4, −1i


(−1,1,0)

is a normal to the tangent plane to the surface at (−1, 1, 0).


Hence, we can write the tangent plane with the normal h2, −4, −1i at (−1, 1, 0) as

2x − 4y − z = −6.
4. (6 pts.) Suppose that F (x, y) is a differentiable function where

x(s, t) = t2 − 2s2 y(s, t) = se3t + 1.

Calculate Ft when (s, t) = (1, 0) as an expression containing Fx and Fy .

Notice that when (s, t) = (1, 0), we have (x, y) = (−2, 2).
Chain Rule for Ft looks like Ft = Fx · xt + Fy · yt = Fx · (2t) + Fy · (3se3t ). Hence,

· 2se2t

Ft = Fx · (2t) + Fy
(s,t)=(1,0) (x,y)=(−2,2) (s,t)=(1,0) (x,y)=(−2,2) (s,t)=(1,0)

Therefore,
Ft (1, 0) = 0 · Fx (−2, 2) + 3 · Fy (−2, 2) = 2Fy (−2, 2)

5. (6 pts.) Using the Method of Lagrange Multipliers, find the point on the plane
3x − 2y + 6z = 4 closest to the point P (1, 1, 1) and the distance of this plane to P .
Consider the square of the distance to the point (1, 1, 1) function

f (x, y, z) = d2 (x, y, z) = (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 + (z − 1)2 .

Since square root is a strictly increasing function, finding the minimum of f = d2


is equivalent to finding the minimum of d.
To find the minimum of f (x, y, z) when 3x−2y +6z = 4, it is best to apply The Method
of Lagrange Multipliers where g(x, y, z) = 3x − 2y + 6z = 4 is the constraint.
The Lagrange System we need to solve is below.

fx = λgx fy = λgy fz = λgz g(x, y, z) = 4


2(x − 1) = 3λ 2(y − 1) = −2λ 2(z − 1) = 6λ 3x − 2y + 6z = 4

If we solve for x, y, z for λ in the first three equations, we get


3λ + 2 −2λ + 2 6λ + 2
x= y= z= .
2 2 2

Inserting in the constraint equation gives


     
3λ + 2 −2λ + 2 6λ + 2
3 −2 +6 =4
2 2 2
(32 + (−2)2 + 62 )λ = 8 − (6 − 4 + 12)
! 
3 −6 −6 −6
  
−2

−6 49
+ 2 49
+ 2 6 49
+ 2 40 55 31
Hence, λ = and (x, y, z) = , , = , , .
49 2 2 2 49 49 49
Therefore, the closest point of 3x − 2y + 6z = 4 to the point P (1, 1, 1) is
(40/49, 55/49, 31/49) and the distance is
p
d= (1 − 40/49)2 + (1 − 55/49)2 + (1 − 31/49)2 = 9.
6. (2 + 4 + 8 = 14 pts.) Let f (x, y) = xy − x − 2y + 3.

(a) Find the critical point(s) of f (x, y) on R2 .

fx = y − 1 = 0 fy = x − 2 = 0 =⇒ x = 2 and y = 1.
Hence,(2, 1) is the only critical point of f (x, y).
(b) Classify the critical point(s) of f (x, y) using the Second Derivative Test.

fxx = 0 fxy = fyx = 0 fyy = 0.


Therefore, D = −1 < 0 for every critical point.
Hence there is neither a local minimum nor a maximum of f (x, y) at (2, 1).
(c) Find the absolute extrema of f (x, y) on the closed triangular region T with vertices
(1, 0), (5, 0), (1, 4).

Extreme Value Theorem guarantees that the continuous function f (x, y) has an
absolute maximum and minimum on the closed and bounded domain T .
There are no points where ∇f does not exist.
The only critical point of f (x, y) is (2, 1) which is inside T , so we need f (2, 1) = 1
There are three boundary components of T and the absolute extrema could be at
any point of the boundary, not just the vertices!
ˆ On the line segment from (1, 0) to (5, 0), we have y = 0, 1 ≤ x ≤ 5, hence
f (x, y) = f (x, 0) = 3 − x = g(x) where 1 ≤ x ≤ 5
g(x) is clearly differentiable and has no critical points since g 0 (x) = −1 6= 0.
Therefore we will be interested in g(1) = 2 and g(5) = −2 which in turn give us
f (1, 0) = 2 and f (5, 0) = −2.
ˆ On the line segment from (1, 0) to (1, 4), we have x = 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 4, hence
f (x, y) = f (1, y) = 2 − y = h(y) where 0 ≤ y ≤ 4
h(y) is clearly differentiable and has no critical points since h0 (y) = −1 6= 0.
Therefore we will be interested in h(0) = 2 and h(4) = −2 which in turn give
us f (1, 0) = 2 and f (1, 4) = −2.
ˆ On the line segment from (1, 4) to (5, 0), we have y = 5 − x, 1 ≤ x ≤ 5, hence
f (x, y) = f (x, 5 − x) = −x2 + 6x − 7 = k(x) where 1 ≤ x ≤ 5
k(x) is clearly differentiable. Since k 0 (x) = −2x + 6 = 0, the only critical point
of k(x) is at x = 3 ∈ [1, 5]. Therefore we will be interested in k(1) = −2,
k(5) = −2, and also k(3) = 2 which in turn give us f (1, 4) = −2, f (5, 0) = −2,
and f (3, 2) = 2.
Comparing all the important values we found, we conclude,
the absolute maximum of f (x, y) on T is 2, attained at (1, 0) and (3, 2), and
the absolute minimum of f (x, y) on T is −2, attained at (1, 4) and (5, 0).

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