PsyCapQuestionaire 12

For use by Annie Nguyen only. Received from Mind Garden, Inc.
on November 7, 2023
Permission for Annie Nguyen to reproduce 1 copy
within three years of November 7, 2023
Psychological Capital Questionnaire

Self & Rater Forms, Scoring Key
Research Permission
By Fred Luthans, Bruce J. Avolio & James B. Avey
Published by Mind Garden, Inc.

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Copyright © 2007 by Fred Luthans, Bruce J. Avolio & James B. Avey. All rights reserved in all media.
Published by Mind Garden, Inc., www.mindgarden.com
For use by Annie Nguyen only. Received from Mind Garden, Inc. on November 7, 2023
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Psychological Capital Questionnaire
The license holder has permission to administer the complete instrument in their research, however,
only three sample items from this instrument as specified below may be included in the research write-
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Sample items:
Self-Rater Form :
I feel confident analyzing a long-term problem to find a solution.
If I should find myself in a jam at work, I could think of many ways to get out of it.
When I have a setback at work, I have trouble recovering from it, moving on.
Other Rater Form:
This person feels confident analyzing a long-term problem to find a solution.
If this person should find him/herself in a jam at work, he/she could think of many ways
to get out of it.
When this person has a setback at work, he/she has trouble recovering from it, moving on.
Copyright © 2007 Fred L. Luthans, Bruce J. Avolio, and James B. Avey. All rights reserved in all
media. Published by Mind Garden, Inc., www.mindgarden.com
Sincerely,
Robert Most
Mind Garden, Inc.
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Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ)
Fred L. Luthans, Ph.D., Bruce J. Avolio, Ph.D., & James A. Avey, Ph.D.
Psychological capital (PsyCap) is a positive state-like capacity that has undergone extensive
theory-building and research. In the book by Luthans, Youssef, and Avolio on Psychological
Capital (Oxford University Press, 2007), it is defined as “an individual’s positive psychological
state of development and is characterized by: (1) having confidence (self efficacy) to take on
and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive
attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals
and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when
beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience)
to attain success.” Thus, the PsyCap consists of efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience
and when combined has been shown to represent a second-order, core factor that predicts
performance and satisfaction better than each of the four factors that make it up ( Luthans,
Avolio, et al.,2007).
Published research on PsyCap has found that it is related to multiple performance outcomes in
the workplace, lower employee absenteeism, less employee cynicism and intentions to quit,
and higher job satisfaction, commitment, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Research
has also found PsyCap can be enhanced by a supportive work climate. In terms of being
state-like, PsyCap has been developed by short training sessions in both classroom and field
settings and electronically through the internet.
The PCQ-24, a measure of PsyCap, has undergone extensive psychometric analyses and
support from samples representing service, manufacturing, education, high-tech, military and
cross-cultural sectors. Each of the four components in PsyCap are measured by 6 items. The
resulting score represents an individual’s level of positive PsyCap.
References/Resources:
Books:
Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., & Youseff, C. (2007). Psychological Capital: Developing the human
capital edge. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Avolio, B.J., & Luthans, F. (2006). High impact leader: Moments matter in authentic leadership
development. NY: McGraw-Hill.
Articles:
Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey, J.B., & Norman, S.M. (2007). Positive psychological capital:
Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel
Psychology,60,541-572.
Luthans, F., Norman, S.M., Avolio, B.J., & Avey, J.B. (2008). The mediating role of
psychological capital in the supportive organizational climate: Employee performance
relationship. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29, 219-238.
Luthans, F., & Youssef, (2007). Emerging positive organizational behavior. Journal of
Management, 33, 321-349.
Luthans, F., Avey, J.B., Avolio, B.J., Norman, S., Combs, G.M. (2006). Psychological capital
development: A micro intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 27, 387-393.
Luthans, F., Avey, J.B., Avolio, B.J., & Peterson, S.J. (2010). The development and resulting
performance impact of positive psychological capital. Human Resource Development
Quarterly, 21, 41-67.
Avey, J.B., Reichard, R.J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K.H. (2011). Meta-analysis of the impact of
positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human
Resource Development Quarterly, 22, 127-152.

Self-Rater Version
Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: ____________

Organization ID #: __________________________Person ID #: ______________________________
Instructions: Below are statements that describe how you may think about yourself right now. Use
the following scale to indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with each statement.
Strongly Disagree Somewhat Somewhat Agree Strongly
Disagree Disagree Agree Agree
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. I feel confident analyzing a long-term problem to find a solution. 1 2 3 4 5 6

I feel confident in representing my work area in meetings with
2. 1 2 3 4 5 6
management.
I feel confident contributing to discussions about the organization’s
3. 1 2 3 4 5 6
strategy.
4. I feel confident helping to set targets/goals in my work area. 1 2 3 4 5 6
I feel confident contacting people outside the organization (e.g.,
5. 1 2 3 4 5 6
suppliers, customers) to discuss problems.
6. I feel confident presenting information to a group of colleagues. 1 2 3 4 5 6
If I should find myself in a jam at work, I could think of many ways to
7. 1 2 3 4 5 6
get out of it.
8. At the present time, I am energetically pursuing my work goals. 1 2 3 4 5 6
9. There are lots of ways around any problem. 1 2 3 4 5 6
10. Right now I see myself as being pretty successful at work. 1 2 3 4 5 6
11. I can think of many ways to reach my current work goals. 1 2 3 4 5 6
12. At this time, I am meeting the work goals that I have set for myself. 1 2 3 4 5 6
When I have a setback at work, I have trouble recovering from it,
13. 1 2 3 4 5 6
moving on.
14. I usually manage difficulties one way or another at work. 1 2 3 4 5 6
15. I can be “on my own,” so to speak, at work if I have to. 1 2 3 4 5 6
16. I usually take stressful things at work in stride. 1 2 3 4 5 6
I can get through difficult times at work because I’ve experienced
17. 1 2 3 4 5 6
difficulty before.

Self-Rater Version
1 2 3 4 5 6
18. I feel I can handle many things at a time at this job. 1 2 3 4 5 6

19. When things are uncertain for me at work, I usually expect the best. 1 2 3 4 5 6
20. If something can go wrong for me work-wise, it will. 1 2 3 4 5 6
21. I always look on the bright side of things regarding my job. 1 2 3 4 5 6
22. I’m optimistic about what will happen to me in the future as it pertains 1 2 3 4 5 6
to work.
23. In this job, things never work out the way I want them to. 1 2 3 4 5 6
24. I approach this job as if “every cloud has a silver lining.” 1 2 3 4 5 6

Other Rater Version
Name of the Person or Position being Rated: ___________________________________
Date: _____________________________________________________________________
Organization ID #: __________________________Person ID #: ______________________
Instructions: Below are statements that describe how you may think about the person listed above
right now. Use the following scale to indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with each
statement.
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. This person feels confident analyzing a long-term problem to find a 1 2 3 4 5 6

solution.
2. This person feels confident in representing his/her work area in 1 2 3 4 5 6
meetings with management.
3. This person feels confident contributing to discussions about the 1 2 3 4 5 6
organization’s strategy.
4. This person feels confident helping to set targets/goals in his/her 1 2 3 4 5 6
work area.
5. This person feels confident contacting people outside the 1 2 3 4 5 6
organization (e.g., suppliers, customers) to discuss problems.
6. This person feels confident presenting information to a group of 1 2 3 4 5 6
colleagues.
7. If this person should find him/herself in a jam at work, he/she could 1 2 3 4 5 6
think of many ways to get out of it.
8. At the present time, this person is energetically pursuing his/her work 1 2 3 4 5 6
goals.
9. This person feels there are lots of ways around any problem. 1 2 3 4 5 6
10. Right now this person sees him/herself as being pretty successful at 1 2 3 4 5 6
work.
11. This person can think of many ways to reach his/her current work 1 2 3 4 5 6
goals.
12. At this time, this person is meeting the work goals that he/she has set 1 2 3 4 5 6
for him/herself.
13. When this person has a setback at work, he/she has trouble 1 2 3 4 5 6
recovering from it, moving on.
14. This person usually manages difficulties one way or another at work. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Other Rater Version

1 2 3 4 5 6
15. This person can be “on his/her own,” so to speak, at work if he/she 1 2 3 4 5 6
has to.
16. This person usually takes stressful things at work in stride. 1 2 3 4 5 6
17. This person can get through difficult times at work because he/she 1 2 3 4 5 6
has experienced difficulty before.
18. This person feels he/she can handle many things at a time at this job. 1 2 3 4 5 6
19. When things are uncertain for this person at work, he/she usually 1 2 3 4 5 6
expects the best.
20. This person feels if something can go wrong for him/her work-wise, it 1 2 3 4 5 6
will.
21. This person always looks on the bright side of things regarding 1 2 3 4 5 6
his/her job.
22. This person is optimistic about what will happen to him/her in the 1 2 3 4 5 6
future as it pertains to work.
23. This person feels in this job, things never work out the way he/she 1 2 3 4 5 6
wants them to.
24. This person approaches this job as if “every cloud has a silver lining.” 1 2 3 4 5 6
Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) Scoring Key
Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Questionnaire (PCQ) Scales:

Scoring for PsyCap is just total points but it should be carefully noted that items 13, 20, and 23
are Reverse scored (i.e., for these items a “1” is scored as a “6” and a “6” is scored as a “1”; a
2 is a 5 and a 5 is a 2; and a 3 is a 4 and a 4 is a 3).
Efficacy: items 1-6, scale adapted from Parker, 1998
Hope: items 7-12, adapted from Snyder et al., 1996
Resilience: items 13-18, (13 is reverse scored), adapted from Wagnild and Young, 1993
Optimism: items 19-24 (20 and 23 are reverse scored), adapted from Scheier and Carver,
1985
Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12)

Self-Rater Short Form
Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: ____________
Instructions: Below are statements that describe how you may think about yourself right now. Use
the following scale to indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with each statement.

1 2 3 4 5 6
1. I feel confident in representing my work area in meetings with 1 2 3 4 5 6

management.
2. I feel confident contributing to discussions about the organization’s 1 2 3 4 5 6
strategy.
3. I feel confident presenting information to a group of colleagues. 1 2 3 4 5 6
4. If I should find myself in a jam at work, I could think of many ways to 1 2 3 4 5 6
get out of it.
5. Right now I see myself as being pretty successful at work. 1 2 3 4 5 6
6. I can think of many ways to reach my current work goals. 1 2 3 4 5 6
7. At this time, I am meeting the work goals that I have set for myself. 1 2 3 4 5 6
8. I can be “on my own,” so to speak, at work if I have to. 1 2 3 4 5 6
9. I usually take stressful things at work in stride. 1 2 3 4 5 6
10. I can get through difficult times at work because I’ve experienced 1 2 3 4 5 6
difficulty before.
11. I always look on the bright side of things regarding my job. 1 2 3 4 5 6
12. I’m optimistic about what will happen to me in the future as it pertains 1 2 3 4 5 6
to work.
Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12)

Self-Rater Short Form Scoring Key
Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Questionnaire (PCQ) Scales:

Each of the four PCQ subscale scores is calculated by taking the mean (average) of all items
in the scale. The overall PsyCap score is calculated by taking the mean of all items in the
PCQ.
Efficacy: items 1-3
Hope: items 4-7
Resilience: items 8-10
Optimism: items 11-12

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For use by Annie Nguyen only. Received from Mind Garden, Inc.

Psychological Capital Questionnaire

By Fred Luthans, Bruce J. Avolio & James B. Avey

Published by Mind Garden, Inc.

To Whom It May Concern,

Psychological Capital Questionnaire

Conditions for Online Use

You agree to:

 Administer this Mind Garden instrument for research purposes only.

 Compensate Mind Garden, Inc. for each administration.

Distributing an entire instrument in either the text of an email or as an email attachment

For Dissertation and Thesis Appendices

For Results Reporting and Publications

All Other Reproductions

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ)

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ)

Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: ____________

1. I feel confident analyzing a long-term problem to find a solution. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ)

18. I feel I can handle many things at a time at this job. 1 2 3 4 5 6

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ)

1. This person feels confident analyzing a long-term problem to find a 1 2 3 4 5 6

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ)

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Somewhat Agree Strongly

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) Scoring Key

Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Questionnaire (PCQ) Scales:

Efficacy: items 1-6, scale adapted from Parker, 1998

Hope: items 7-12, adapted from Snyder et al., 1996

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12)

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Somewhat Agree Strongly

1. I feel confident in representing my work area in meetings with 1 2 3 4 5 6

Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12)

Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Questionnaire (PCQ) Scales:

Efficacy: items 1-3

Hope: items 4-7

Resilience: items 8-10

Optimism: items 11-12

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