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BC- @ A ,; : -& /1
( ( "( ( &

NTSC Grayscale RGB

mygray =
0.2989* myrgb (:,:,1) + 0.5870* myrgb (:,:,2) + 0.1140* myrgb (:,:,3);

<=
( , ! (, &
+. / (
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,; : -& /2
myrgb = ind2rgb(myindexed,mycolormap);

<=

[myindexed, , +! -, &
+. /
myrgb = ind2rgb(myindexed,mycolormap);
-( +. / (

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arabdars.com
 arabdars.com

B- @ A ,; : -& /3
[myindexed,mycolormap] = rgb2ind(myrgb,K);

<=

myrgb=imread('peppers.png');

imshow(myrgb)

[myindexed,mycolormap] = rgb2ind(myrgb,256);

figure,imshow(myindexed,mycolormap)

? ,

)&* + " , - ./ 0 1* ( 256 ' ( Indexed Image ! " # $%&

5 2* 3 )4 Colormap

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com

,; : -& /D
mygray = double(mybinary);

mybinary=imread('circles.png');
imshow(mybinary)
mygray = double(mybinary);
figure, imshow(mygray)

? ,

"@ #, GrayScale "- ," " V ] 6 B!

< #3 - 6 (&1 6 9 #$%? 7% K :d

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com

,; : -& /E
mybinary = (mygray > a);

( a = ( 6<( > ./ ? ( a ; " 6<( ), : 0 6/ 7 8/9

5, ?

( , ! -, &

+. / (

1 ( . +. ( *" $&

mybinary = (mygray > level);

-( +. /

? ,

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com

" # ! imread !
-./ , % &'( ) ! * + imshow $
7 01 / 2 +3 4 $ 56

)# $%& ' ( imread !"

X = imread(filename,format);

imshow(X)

#3 456 ,7 format / 0 1 2 filename *( + , -.

8 X 3 "+

) jpg = > sky , < D 9 : ' ( ( ; + 45

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com
) ; ( ,7 < + % 5 ?@ 4(

X = imread('D:\sky','jpeg');

imshow(X)

) . A .B 6 >

)# $%& ' ( ; ( + % 5 ?@ 4(

[CX,map]=imread(filename,format);

imshow(X,map)

8 Kx3 D E F 3 "+ map MxN $ 3 "+ X D %

[X,map] =imread('trees.tif');

imshow(X,map)

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 arabdars.com

[X,map] =imread('kids.tif');

imshow(X,map)

J #3 ;B < ; ( : I Indexed Image + D G.H>

8K : # HL #3 Colormap D E F 3 "+

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com

)# $%& ' ( + % 5 ?@ 4(

X=imread(filename.format);

8 RGB = > 1
X = imread('onion.png');

imshow(X)

8 MxNx3 J/ < 3 "+ #J X D - .

M?J D $L 5 (D '(N True Color RGB + G.0

, 6 O *L 1 *L PH7 Q56 JD R

D '( 0 1 / R D '( 0 0 B # 3 X 3 "+ 4(

8 6 *L S R O *L OFR *L .R

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com
8 Gray Scale = > 2

X = imread('pout.tif');

imshow(X)

8 MxN J/ < 3 "+ #J X D - .

N/ 'B/ R I D '(N Gray Scale + G.0

0 0 B # 3 X 3 "+ 4( , T <R ' B " U V5 <

1 V5 '( 0 4< T <R D '( 0 1 / R D '(

8 N/ D

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com
Binary = > 3

X = imread('circles.png');

imshow(X)

/ R D T <R D J W:3 > '(N @ 4X + G.0

0 1 / R D '( 0 0 B # 3 X 3 "+ 4( ,

8 T <R D '(

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 arabdars.com

>/ ,7 * 4 1 Y ( 45 4 V < 4 4> K "<

> 5 / 5 , < ' ( + M?J ( *E G".
) # $%& ' ( imwrite
imwrite(image,filename)

X = imread('D:\sky','jpeg');

imshow(X)

imwrite(X,'newsky.bmp')

)# 'BD #3 / + Z"> ( *[< 4 4J

8 bmp 5 / newsky 5 , < ^ MATLAB ] 1 4 \

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 arabdars.com

) . 6 > 4J

) Imfinfo < + ( L1 '(_ + %5

info=iminfo(filename,format)

) J 1 5 '(_ + % 5-.

8 + b a`

8b ,V. ac

8K ad

8 = " 0 ae

8/ 0 af

8D R h> ag

info=imfinfo('D:\sky','jpeg')

) Jh V 4

info =

Filename: 'D:\sky.jpg'

FileModDate: '08-`g)ik)fc ciija$5 < '

FileSize: 575314

Format: 'jpg'

FormatVersion: ''

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 arabdars.com
Width: 1280

Height: 960

BitDepth: 24

ColorType: 'truecolor'

FormatSignature: ''

NumberOfSamples: 3

CodingMethod: 'Huffman'

CodingProcess: 'Sequential'

Comment: {}

Orientation: 1

XResolution: 72

YResolution: 72

ResolutionUnit: 'Inch'

Software: 'ACD Systems Digital Imaging '

DateTime: '2007:03:25 01:04:50 '

YCbCrPositioning: 'Centered'

DigitalCamera: [1x1 struct]

info=imfinfo('cameraman','tif')

@ $ #0 <= >9, * + ? , 8 %9 : ;

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com

$" # !
, + im2bw %&' ( )*'# Binary Image

binary image=im2bw(image,level);

% / image - .
1'& )2 3 4 level 0
3' <=> 1 ? @ 9 ' - . [0 1] 9 : ; 1'& )2 5 67 8'
3' <=> 1 0 '1' B 7 / % level 1'& )2 A 4 5
E '0' B 7 " #/ % level 1'& )2 C D 5

I=imread('pillsetc.png');

imshow(I)

bw=im2bw(I,0.4);

figure, imshow(bw)

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 arabdars.com

Binary Image : G '. H1> 1# 0 8 I 1'& )2 J.= F

E M 34 $LB 0 8+' 0 :0 K +' & %

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 arabdars.com

+ 1'& )2 'NO7 & 1P 4M 5 1'& )2 81& F

[0 , 1] 9 : ; ?B D5 3P& 3' 7 graythresh %&' ()*'> 3%M0/
,3 ' + % 1' )2 8 +

level=graythresh(image);

,3 ' + % R1 Q > 9M )& 3 ' 7

I=imread('pillsetc.png');

imshow(I)

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

figure, imshow(bw)

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arabdars.com

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 arabdars.com

0 $1 D58 T / % GS@ M 34 F
E Object V > $ 0 D58 CP . T " #/ % U1 @ 0 L . 7
07 " ) < ). 7 ? 9 0 Y Z'V Object 8W X= 34 F
E '* 1>. " ) < ). 7 9

labeled 82[0 Binary Image M

E bwlabel %&' ( )*'# Image

U O M \ 0 LB4 " #/ 7 / % % T 3]
$ M 34 & :'0 < ). 7 :0 ]7 34 Object
34 ) ^_4 1,2,3,4,………, num objects R D5 #
B 0 D58 ]8 82[ _4 ` ) 3 Objects M
% B 2 D58 7 object 97/ / % B 1 D58 7 " #/ %
E ` ]7 object - M / % B 3 D58 7 object 3 M /

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 arabdars.com

, 4 b c`] d% Binary Image % / a8b

, Labeled Image 82[ 7

I=imread('pillsetc.png');

imshow(I)

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

figure, imshow(bw)

[labeled,numObjects] = bwlabel(bw,4);

figure, imshow(labeled)

pseudo_color = label2rgb(labeled, @spring, 'c', 'shuffle');

figure, imshow(pseudo_color)

numObjects

E 82[ 34 Obejects ? @ %' ()*'> label2rgb %&' F

E 34 Objects ") 3P& numObjects 9 ' 7

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arabdars.com

, 3% :' C 7

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arabdars.com

labeled

: pseudo_color

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 arabdars.com

( )*'# labeled Image 82[ % e * 5 % 9

, + regionprops %&'
info=regionprops(labeled_image,property_name);

EQ > 9M 34 82[ e N ? @ f8

info=regionprops(labeled,'all')

]g 7
info h

32x1 struct array with fields,

Area

Centroid

BoundingBox

SubarrayIdx

MajorAxisLength

MinorAxisLength

Eccentricity

Orientation

ConvexHull

ConvexImage

ConvexArea

Image

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 arabdars.com
FilledImage

FilledArea

EulerNumber

Extrema

EquivDiameter

Solidity

Extent

PixelIdxList

PixelList

Perimeter

E N 32 " @7 J.=
, 3% e * c`] 0 N 9 -.
,Q > 9M 34 97/ Object V . >0 48&0 " ^ \ =M0
info(1).Area
, 3] : ' 7
1173
). 7 " 7 ). 7 4 b 0 34 Object V < . >0 S* " ^ 7
, d ` ( B% cat %&' ( )*'#
Areas=cat(1,info.Area)
). 7 8P# 34 7
Areas=cat(2,info.Area)

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 arabdars.com

E\i & Dj 7 8 1 + k N 0 " b'#O 8> % & c`]7

48&0 0 82 10 + : &0 34 ) b e * c`] 0 N

0 D]/ D>B 682Z# 3' k * 0 8 M 7 c"7).7 Object . >0
E l ^_

arabdars.com
 arabdars.com

" #$ %D ! Binary Image

2 34 5&' 16 labeled Image &'() * ! + ,- ./0 1
1,2,3,4 =1, + ) =6 4 Objects 78 9 ,0 : ;5/- <
) 2 & ? , @ A &1 Object =1, 1 & & Object =1, > 5
& 718 0 > 5 4 & >7 1 Object 3 & =1, A &1 Object
3- 1 & Object B CD &EF 70 G 18 H ) 71D I4
J 2

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 arabdars.com

G HK

I=imread('D:\shapes.jpg');

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

D )LM0 : ;5/- N E O&P Q K =K DKR

Objects G 8 8 numObjects B , 1 &KD G ) Objects
N # &'(1 N E 3CD0 regionprops 1 7D
G 8 7< S& E ) Object =6 L 0 +$ $ 3
J +T 34 +$ ! 9G( 1) Objects

N E $ " <- ? $ > 5

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 arabdars.com

Area Object
V Object U 5 1 <- @ )
J Object U 1W D S/ X 1Y) 3 5 1
]& \ B [ Object U 5 ) Z ,0 > 5
info(1).Area

ans =

24496

]? , @ A &1 \ 3- Object U 5 )
info(2).Area

ans =

37100

] A &1 \ > Object U 5 )

info(3).Area

ans =

43681

] >7 1 \ A & Object U 5 )

info(4).Area

ans =

16681

J = K Object U 5 ) <0 > 5

cat 1 7D " # $ 5 4 T ) 34 S 5 1 A1^ 1

Areas=cat(1,info.Area)

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 arabdars.com

Centroid Object !"#$ %

V Object U7 3$ + _6&1 G <1 )
=<% _6&) 8 K8 ( x , y ) `0 % 5! )= C<-
A &17 3$ + _6&1 _6&) & 7 3$ + _6&1 / 14 Object U
J ` &C Q < C<-
]& \ B [ Object U7 3$ + _6&1
info(1).Centroid

ans =

99 113.5

]? , @ A &1 \ 3- Object U7 3$ + _6&1

info(2). Centroid

ans =

137.5 369.5

] A &1 \ > Object U7 3$ + _6&1

info(3). Centroid

ans =

397 118

] >7 1 \ A & Object U7 3$ + _6&1

info(4). Centroid

ans =

407.9634 397.5332

cat 1 7D " # $ 5 4 T ) 34 $ + _6 &1 A1^ 1

Centroids=cat(1,info.Centroid)

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 arabdars.com

BoundingBox Object '( &

V Ra )
J Object U 9 , = C ) &b*
B R Object R! ) 7D C< S % 5! * # 3CD0 > 5
J [ x y L W ] Object c&8
V Ra T @1
B '[ 78 ?&D &- ) 8 + ) S < KC ) & 34 Ra LP6 T
5 ) K - ) GT$ 1 >5 &d _7 - &D ?&5[
Ra 5 ) ! [ * # ) Z ,0 3 Area 3 Object U
J e @ 34 W x L

=P ` & f ,1 Ra / )

B '[ ) = ' =6 R! G Y ! D ) 3 [ = P ! G D

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 arabdars.com
S&) K ` ] & \ B [ Object U R! : Y-

info(1).BoundingBox

ans =

15.5000 19.5000 167.0000 188.0000

]? , @ A &1 \ 3- Object U R! S & )

info(2). BoundingBox

ans =

45.5000 268.5000 184.0000 202.0000

] A &1 \ > Object U R! S & )

info(3). BoundingBox

ans =

292.5000 13.5000 209.0000 209.0000

] >7 1 \ A & Object U R! S & )

info(4). BoundingBox

ans =

337.5000 254.5000 153.0000 215.0000

cat 1 7D " # $ 5 4 T ) 34 S Ra S & ) A1^ 1

BoundingBoxes=cat(1,info.BoundingBox)

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 arabdars.com

EulerNumber Object Euler +, )*

V Euler )
34 . < G 8 . 5 ) ` 5 1
Object U 1W . < G 8 i h g Object U7 Euler
Object U 1W . < G 8 78 B , 1 Euler B/E )
Object U7 Euler j h g Object U 1W . < G 8
V Holes Z< )
) f 5 G $ `- ) Q_^ =6 9 Object U k <-
J Object U 1W Z< A< k [ : 7 `K- ^

-&

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 arabdars.com

Object U /6 34 . < G 8 . 5 G 6
I=imread('D:\Shapes1.jpg');

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

Euler_Number1=info(1).EulerNumber;

NumHoles1=1-Euler_Number1

Euler_Number2=info(2).EulerNumber;

NumHoles2=1-Euler_Number2

3 Y

NumHoles1 =

NumHoles2 =

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 arabdars.com

Extent Object . /"

Vl 1 )
J Object U R! 5 ) ! Object U 5 ) K - Object U l )

Extent=Area (Object) / Area (BoundingBox)

Object U / l 1 . ,

I=imread('D:\Shapes1.jpg');

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

Extent1=info(1).Extent

Extent2=info(2).Extent

3 Y
Extent1=

0.7129

Extent2=

0.7678

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 arabdars.com

Extrema Object . 1 2 !0 !

A [ S +Y ) Object U G ,0 m <- : 1% * # 3CD0

3 =P 78 K0&) ] i 7T i 1 i 7D \
top-left

top-right

right-top

right-bottom

bottom-right

bottom-left

left-bottom

left-top

-% 1 & 6[ Object U ) 78[ C< 3 D0 top-right > 5

- % 78[ Object U ) 1 & 6[ C< 3 D0 right-top )

J - 1 m < A ) 4&D) B/E ) Object = ' ,0 34 * # T0

-&
I=imread('D:\Shapes1.jpg');

level=graythresh(I);

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 arabdars.com
bw=im2bw(I,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

Extrema1=info(1).Extrema

Extrema2=info(2).Extrema

- 1 m < 7 x ,y S % 5! 78 B , 3 Y
Extrema1 =

84.5000 8.5000

92.5000 8.5000

165.5000 91.5000

165.5000 103.5000

92.5000 186.5000

84.5000 186.5000

11.5000 103.5000

11.5000 91.5000

Extrema2 =

248.5000 16.5000

429.5000 16.5000

429.5000 16.5000

429.5000 194.5000

429.5000 194.5000

248.5000 194.5000

248.5000 194.5000

248.5000 16.5000

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 arabdars.com

FilledArea 3 4& 5 ")* Object . )* !

V *# T0 @ 1
. < 5 ) 4&D) 34 n7 1) Object U 5 ) 4&D) * # T0
Object U =E G
U 5 ) i n7 1) Objet U 5 ) g Object U 1W . < 5 )
J . < G ^ Object
B )
I=imread('D:\Shapes1.jpg');

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

Object_Area1=info(1).Area;

Object_Filled_Area1=info(1).FilledArea;

Object_Area2=info(2).Area;

Object_Filled_Area2=info(2).FilledArea;

Holes_Area1= Object_Filled_Area1- Object_Area1

Holes_Area2= Object_Filled_Area2- Object_Area2

3 Y

Holes_Area1 =

1839

Holes_Area2 =

7481

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 arabdars.com

MajorAxisLength Object .6 74 - ' #

Object U f ,1 9 o K = P7 3 & &C< B R 3CD0 * # :!

e @ HW 3 = P = K <)

I=imread('D:\Shapes1.jpg');

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

Major_Axis1=info(1).MajorAxisLength

Major_Axis2=info(2).MajorAxisLength

3 Y
Major_Axis1 =

177.8260

Major_Axis2 =

224.9245

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 arabdars.com

MinorAxisLength Object .6 9 & 74 - ' )! 8

Object U f ,1 9 o K = P7 9 - &C< B R 3CD0 * # :!
e @ HW 3 = P = K <)

I=imread('D:\Shapes1.jpg');

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

Minor_Axis1=info(1).MinorAxisLength

Minor_Axis2=info(2).MinorAxisLength

3 Y
Minor_Axis1 =

157.4666

Minor_Axis2 =

214.1390

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 arabdars.com

Orientation Object .6 : ; 74 < * 1 %

<) Object U I4[ 3 & &C< _ 3CD0 * # :!
[-90 90] )O &0 S^

I=imread('D:\Shapes1.jpg');

level=graythresh(I);

bw=im2bw(I,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

Orientation1=info(1). Orientation

Orientation2=info(2). Orientation

3 Y
Orientation1 =

89.4732

Orientation2 =

73.5117

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imadjust
# !"

J =imadjust(I);

)* + , - . /+ 012 3 J $ %&' (
8 1% 4 5 2 6 !7 $ - - .

I=imread('pout.tif');

imshow(I)

J =imadjust(I);

figure,imshow(J)

# 9 &: '

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 arabdars.com

J =imadjust(I,[low_in;high_in],[low_out;high_out]);

I , 5); / $ )* + < =>

+ A' @ B High_in low_in ? @
low_in C * @ /4 5); +" 4 + D high_out low_out
high_in C * @ /4 5); - H F A G" 0 @ E ,
" grayscale 6 2 + J2 9 KL I H F A G" 1 @ E ,
8 RGB 6 2 + J2 9 KL M .H " N*H " >H

I=imread('pout.tif');

imshow(I)

J =imadjust(I,[0.2;0.6],[0.4;0.8]);

figure,imshow(J)

# 9 &: '

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 arabdars.com

[ ] O9 [low_out;high_out] < 4 " [low_in;high_in] < 4 *

8 [0 1] P ,Q < 4 A @2" R Q

I=imread('pout.tif');

imshow(I)

J =imadjust(I,[0.2;0.7],[ ]);

figure,imshow(J)

# 9 &: '

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 arabdars.com
8 Low_out > High_out S2 + Negative R A 9

I=imread('pout.tif');

imshow(I)

J1=imadjust(I,[ ],[1;0]);

figure,imshow(J1)

# 9 &: '

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 arabdars.com

# 2 ;' T Q +H

I=imread('football.jpg');

imshow(I)

J1=imadjust(I,[0.2 0.1 0.3;0.6 0.8 0.7],[0.3 0.3 0.2;0.8 0.9 0.5]);

figure,imshow(J1)

J2=imadjust(I,[0.2 0.1 0.3;0.6 0.8 0.7],[]);

figure,imshow(J2)

J3=imadjust(I,[],[1 1 1;0 0 0]);

figure,imshow(J3)

# 9 &: '

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arabdars.com

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 arabdars.com

# 9 histeq ;A
I = imread('pout.tif');
imshow(I)

figure, imhist(I)

I2 = histeq(I);

figure, imshow(I2)

figure, imhist(I2)

# 9 &: '

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# V , 9 imopen 1*6U

I=imread('rice.png');

imshow(I)

background = imopen(I,strel('disk',15));

figure, imshow(background)

!R @,5 > F 5 > 1%" , 1 + WD' streal

, % D E 1 4 imopen 15 X U T 2 Y
8 streal Z 9 ' /+ Z ' +
# 9 &: '

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+ 1 ? \ [ ; 6 P , V , 9 1*6U
8] + ^- 1* @, %R A', %H

I=imread('rice.png');

imshow(I)

background = imopen(I,strel('disk',15));

I2=imsubtract(I,background);

figure, imshow(I2)

X(3 ? D @N + ? U imsubtract 4 =>

8] 4>Q
# 9 &: '

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"# RGB "# grayscale !

. % ) *+ # ,-" imresize $ % & '% ( Binary

J=imresize(I,Scale)

67- 0% 1 23 8 Scale " 0% 1 23 4 5 I/

= 9: ! ; 63 # 1 1<!

I = imread('rice.png');

J = imresize(I, 0.5);

Orginal_size = size(I)

After_size = size(J)

figure, imshow(I), figure, imshow(J)

. ?$! > % "

Orginal_size =
256 256
After_size =
128 128

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J=imresize(I,[nrows ncol])

@( AB CD 0 E3 0 1 23 ! 4 F DG ?-

I = imread('rice.png');

J = imresize(I,[240 320]);

Orginal_size = size(I)

After_size = size(J)

figure, imshow(I), figure, imshow(J)

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. ?$! > % "

Orginal_size =

256 256

After_size =

240 320

"

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. GrayScale ( H I G"
[X, map] = imread('trees.tif');

imshow(X, map)

[Y, newmap] = imresize(X, map, 1.5);

figure,imshow(Y, newmap)

Orginal_size = size(X)

After_size = size(Y)

. ?$! > % "

Orginal_size =

258 350

After_size =

387 525

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!" # $% # &
. imrotate $ % & '% ( J K ( : !" <( !" !
J=imrotate(I,Angle,Method,bbox);

67- J K ( : M " !" L Angle " G !" 1 I/

= N ( N " 2 8 O :2 N ( %! M " D 2 Angle > 0
. % : R 3 DIS M# ! Q ! %I P Method #
= 'nearest','bilinear','bicubic'
M ! M# 1 # 67- !0 T Q ! %I P bbox #
U V %- # 'crop' A% $;+ NT
= 'loose' A% $;+
'
I = imread('circuit.tif');

J = imrotate(I,45,'bilinear');

Orginal_size = size(I)

After_size = size(J)

imshow(I)

figure, imshow(J)

. ?$! > % "

Orginal_size =

280 272

After_size =

393 393

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W%5 X Y $;+ NT $ M ! M# 1 # #
= <K
(
I = imread('circuit.tif');

J = imrotate(I, 45,'bilinear','crop');

Orginal_size = size(I)

After_size = size(J)

imshow(I)

figure, imshow(J)

. ?$! > % "

Orginal_size =

280 272

After_size =

280 272

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) *$+ , -./
= ! ZW: !K ; F 3" ; <K W%5 !

J=imcrop(I);

< ! 0 [ $2 AK %! / U !" ! J W%: SF G

= U !" ! @2 W%5 ! CD

I = imread('circuit.tif');

I2 = imcrop(I);

imshow(I), figure, imshow(I2)

. ?$! > % "

. !" ! W%5 ("

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J=imcrop(I,rect);

W: [xmin ymin Length Width] ! 0%( U \ J W%: SF G

Length 4 W%8 ) ^" xmin , ymin J ] J6 ! 8 $ !
= Width @V 2"

I = imread('circuit.tif');

I2 = imcrop(I,[75 68 130 112]);

imshow(I), figure, imshow(I2)

. ?$! > % "

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bwselect Objects
! " # Objects
/ % - . bwselect %& ' ( )* + , ' Objects $%
!"#
bw2=bwselet(bw1);

Object $% 1 # 23' * 4 bw 0' # Objects ,

8 Enter 235 6 # 7 56 &*

bw1 = imread('text.png');

bw2=bwselect(bw1);

imshow(bw1)

figure , imshow(bw2)

/ % 9 :! '

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$% !"#
bw2=bwselet(bw1,c,r,n);

' ' * Object ;9 # 1 < 5 = " 1> ?@ # Objects ,

y ' F G' = " 1E r x D = " 1E cA1B 5 C 5
4 L M # N'O# Object 2 J K& + 4 , 8 ' 1> H I n #
8 & M # =@P * 8

bw1 = imread('text.png');

c = [43 185 212];

r = [38 68 181];

bw2=bwselect(bw1,c,r,4);

imshow(bw1)

figure, imshow(bw2)

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/ % 9 :! '

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bwarea $+ Objects ' ( ) * &

Binary image ! R' 0' Objects L Q 1 P# $% ? 0 '
/ ' ' ; G' . bwarea %& ' ( )*
Total_Area=bwarea(bw)

bw= imread('circles.png');

imshow(bw);

Total_Area=bwarea(bw)

/ % 9 :! '
Total_Area =
1.4187e+004

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!*"2 N !/0 ) * 1 Objects -.) ,

;P * N # ;F ! " 1 P# = T ! R' 0' # Objects SH1
( ) * ;P * N # K9 1 P ' = T Objects L Q M' 0'
/ ; G' . bwareaopen %& '
bw2=bwareaopen(bw1,N)

8 0' # Object U' SH ' 1P ' NA1

bw1 = imread('text.png');

imshow(bw1)

bw2 =bwareaopen(bw1,50);

figure , imshow(bw2)

/ % 9 :! '

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45 6 * 4 7 84/ !*"9 !*"2 !: 2 +* ; <= 3

( ) * Binary Image ! R' V0 %' P' V0# $% ? 0 '
/ ; G' . bwdist %& '
[D,L]=bwdist (bw ,method)

0 &' * P' + 0 ;9 V0# + P ' V0# D A 1

8 ! R' V0 ' W' 1 ' P 0 X F ;* '
0' # 1 %' P ' X FD 0 &%' < ' ; ' ' V0# L #
8 ! R'
/XP ' Y ZP * P ' $<&
chessboard : Distance = max( |x1-x2| , |y1-y2| ) ;

cityblock : Distance = |x1-x2| + |y1-y2| ;

euclidean : Distance = sqrt((x1-x2).^2+(y1-y2).^2) ;

quasi-euclidean :

Distance = |x1-x2| + (sqrt(2) -1) |y1-y2| ; if |x1-x2| > |y1-y2|

Distance = (sqrt(2) -1) |x1-x2| + |y1-y2| ; otherwise

8 Euclidean Y. P ' ZP 4 [

bw = zeros(5,5); bw(2,2) = 1; bw(4,4) = 1;

bw

[D,L] = bwdist(bw);

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/ % 9 :! '
bw =

0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0

D=

1.4142 1.0000 1.4142 2.2361 3.1623

1.0000 0 1.0000 2.0000 2.2361

1.4142 1.0000 1.4142 1.0000 1.4142

2.2361 2.0000 1.0000 0 1.0000

3.1623 2.2361 1.4142 1.0000 1.4142

L=

7 7 7 7 7

7 7 7 7 19

7 7 7 19 19

7 7 19 19 19

7 19 19 19 19

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bwperim $+ Objects - ) ? @;A >

. bwperim %& ' ( ) * ! R' 0' Objects S 1 C M >
/ ; G'

bw2=bwperim(bw1,conn)

8 Object U%' 1 P# ;F + 8 4 + conn # % D 0' bw1 A 1

8 % D 0' Hole ;9 Object ;9 S 1 \ ! " bw2

I1=imread('D:\Shapes.jpg');

level=graythresh(I1)

bw1=im2bw(I1);

imshow(bw1)

bw2=bwperim(bw1,4);

figure , imshow(bw2)

/ % 9 :! '

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bweuler Euler C/ B
/ bweuler %& ' ( P5 %# 9 0%' Euler ,F $% ? 0 %'
0' X R' C ^ 0' Objects C ] 0%' Euler ,F
W#
0%' Euler ,F ^ 0' Objects C ] 0' X R' C
I1=imread('D:\Shapes1.jpg');

level=graythresh(I1)

bw1=im2bw(I1,level);

[labeled,numObjects]=bwlabel(bw1,4);

info=regionprops(labeled,'all');

Euler_Number=bweuler(bw1,4);

NumHoles=numObjects-Euler_Number

/ % 9 :! '

level =

0.4843

NumHoles =

8 Regionprops ! R' 0' _ ` -a C 4 * ) ` G#

bwlabel 4EF < Objects C /4= D

8 4 * ) ` G#

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" imadd !
( $"% & ' imadd ! "#

K=imadd(I,J) ;

"#$
I = imread('rice.png');

imshow(I)

J = imread('cameraman.tif');

figure , imshow(J)

K=imadd(I,J);

figure, imshow(K)

( # ) *+ ,

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89 -2 1 6 255 8 72 1 6 0 - . / 0 1 2 1 3 4 54
255 & < =># ?4@ 255 ' #:# * , 1 "# 0 ! ,' "% ; , "
1 &<C D E 1 2 9 - B F & < G# uint8 A B 4 12
B 4 & < $# 5 [0 512] & < 1 2 7 $HI# J D 9 -2
K uint16
"#$
I = imread('rice.png');

J = imread('cameraman.tif');

K = imadd(I,J,'uint16');

imshow(K,[])

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K8 A N I 6 A & < L- M ' F< " #

"#$
I = imread('rice.png');

imshow(I)

J = imadd(I,50);

figure , imshow(J)

( # ) *+ ,

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" imsubtract & '( ) !* + %

$"% & ' imsubtract O/ 0 ./P " #
(
K=imsubtract(I,J) ;

./P " " O/ 0 ./P I / Q RS Q

R >- 7 4/)T ) R U 7 IV $ A WI4 I 0
"#$
I = imread('rice.pngX);

background = imopen(I,strel('disk',15));

Ip = imsubtract(I,background);

imshow(Ip,[])

( # ) *+ ,

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K8 A 3 6 A L- M ' ./P " #

"#$
I = imread('rice.png');

Iq = imsubtract(I,50);

figure, imshow(I), figure, imshow(Iq)

( # ) *+ ,

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" immultiply -. / !0 1 ,
$"% & ' immultiply O/ Y- 0 Z/F " #
(
K= immultiply (I,J) ;

K L- M - 0 Z/F " # E
"#$
I = imread('moon.tif');

imshow(I)

J = immultiply(I,1.2);

figure , imshow(J)

( # ) *+ ,

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" imdivide -. ! 2
$"% & ' imdivide O/ 0 [0 " #
(
K= imdivide (I,J) ;

K L- M ' & ' 0 [0 " # E

"#$
I = imread('moon.tif');

imshow(I)

J = imdivide(I,1.5);

figure , imshow(J)

( # ) *+ ,

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" Negative 4 5( ) !6 3
imcomplement \ V7- A Negative & ' A5 " #
( $"% & '
J= imcomplement(I);

"#$
bw = imread('text.png');

imshow(bw)

bw2 = imcomplement(bw);

figure , imshow(bw2)

( # ) *+ ,

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" imlincomb 89: ; 7

$"- ] V Z/H $ ' # 5 - 0 ^V -\ > "#
( $"% & ' imlincomb
Z = imlincomb(K1,A1,K2,A2,...,Kn,An)

Z/H $ ' K1,K2,…., Kn E

! / A A1,A2,….,An
( , A
Z=K1*A1+K2*A2+……….+Kn*An

K /_)2 A /S)2 Z/H $ ' ` T A

"#$
I = imread('rice.pngX);

J = imread('cameraman.tif');

K=imlincomb(0.2,I,0.8,J);

imshow(K)

KJ 80% I 20% 5 # A
( # ) *+ ,

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