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Com3109 1

The document outlines a chapter on operating systems that covers: 1) The class outline which includes topics like processes, memory management, I/O management etc. 2) A brief introduction to operating systems including their purpose to act as an intermediary between the user and hardware. 3) A short history of operating systems from the 1940s batch processing era to modern personal computers.

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alcinialbob1234
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47 views13 pages

Com3109 1

The document outlines a chapter on operating systems that covers: 1) The class outline which includes topics like processes, memory management, I/O management etc. 2) A brief introduction to operating systems including their purpose to act as an intermediary between the user and hardware. 3) A short history of operating systems from the 1940s batch processing era to modern personal computers.

Uploaded by

alcinialbob1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

10/9/2023

Com3109 :
Com3109
Operating Systems

Chapter 1: Introduction

Dr. Rashad A. A. Ragb


[email protected]
[email protected]

Chapter 1

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Class outline
 Introduction, concepts, review & historical perspective
 Processes
◦ Synchronization
◦ Scheduling
◦ Deadlock
 Memory management
 I/O management
 File systems
 Security & protection
 Distributed systems (as time permits)

Chapter 1 2

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Contents
 Today's Topic: Introduction to Operating Systems
 We will learn
1. What is Operating System?
2. What OS does?
3. Objectives of OS
4. History of OS
 Batch Processing, Multiprogramming, Time sharing
systems

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References
 Textbook
◦ W. Stallings, Operating Systems Internals and Design Principles,
6th edition, 2009.
 Reference
◦ A. Silberschatz, P. B. Galvin, G. Gagne, Operating Systems
Principles, 7th edition, 2006.
◦ Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008
Prentice-Hall.

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Grading (subject to adjustment)

 10% Homework and practical = 20


 10% project and attendance = 20
 10% Mid exam1 = 20
 70% Final Exam = 140

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The landscape of operating


systems (as of 2014)
2014)

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The OS wars (in 2006)


2006)

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Lecture 1: Introduction to Operating Systems


• An operating system is a program that acts as an
intermediary between a user of a computer and the
computer hardware.
• The purpose of an operating system is to provide an
environment in which a user can execute programs.
The primary goal of an operating system is thus to
make the computer system convenient to use.
• A secondary goal is to use the computer hardware in
an efficient manner.

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Lecture 1: Introduction to Operating Systems


• In brief, an operating system is the set of programs
that controls a computer. Some examples of
operating systems are UNIX, Mach, MS-DOS, MS-
Windows, Windows/NT, OS/2 and MacOS.
• An operating system is an important part of almost
every computer system.
• A computer system can be divided roughly into four
components: the hardware, the operating system,
the application programs and the users (Figure 1.1).

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Objectives of Operating Systems


• To hide details of hardware by creating abstraction.

• To allocate resources to processes (Manage


resources).

• Provide a pleasant and effective user interface.

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History of Operating Systems


• The 1940's - First Generations
The earliest electronic digital computers had no operating systems.
Machines of the time were so primitive that programs were often entered
one bit at time on rows of mechanical switches (plug boards).
Programming languages were unknown (not even assembly languages).
Operating systems were unheard of.

• The 1950's - Second Generation


By the early 1950's, the routine had improved somewhat with the
introduction of punch cards. The General Motors Research Laboratories
implemented the first operating systems in early 1950's for their IBM 701.
The system of the 50's generally ran one job at a time.

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History of Operating Systems


• The 1960's - Third Generation
The systems of the 1960's were also batch processing systems, but they
were able to take better advantage of the computer's resources by running
several jobs at once.

• Fourth Generation
With the development of LSI (Large Scale Integration) circuits, chips,
operating system entered in the personal computer and the workstation
age. Microprocessor technology evolved to the point that it becomes
possible to build desktop computers as powerful as the mainframes of the
1970s.

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