Test Bank For Business Ethics Ethical Decision Making Cases 12th Edition

Test Bank for Business Ethics: Ethical
Decision Making & Cases, 12th Edition

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3. Which of the following do not typically engage in transactions with a company and thus are not essential for its
survival?
a. Employees
b. Secondary stakeholders
c. Primary stakeholders
d. Investors
e. Customers
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 32
QUESTION TYPE: Multiple Choice
HAS VARIABLES: False
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LO: 2-1 - Identify stakeholders' roles in business ethics.
NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Ethics
STATE STANDARDS: United States - None - DISC: Ethical Responsibilities - Ethical Responsibilities
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Knowledge
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
DATE MODIFIED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
4. A firm that makes use of a _____ recognizes other stakeholders beyond investors, employees, and suppliers, and
explicitly acknowledges the two-way dialog that exists between a firm's internal and external environments.
a. stakeholder model of socially responsible corporate governance
b. stakeholder bias
c. code of ethics
d. stakeholder interaction model
e. corporate interface model
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Moderate
REFERENCES: p. 32
KEYWORDS: Blooms: Comprehension
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
5. The degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands can be referred to as
a. a stakeholder orientation.
b. a shareholder orientation.
c. the stakeholder interaction model.
d. a two-way street.
e. a continuum.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 33
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
6. Which of the following industries tends to generate a high level of trust from consumers and stakeholders?
a. Insurance
b. Technology
c. Banks
d. Mortgage lenders
e. Financial services
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 31
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
7. Why is it important for businesses to recognize secondary stakeholder groups?

a. They are absolutely necessary for the firm's survival.
b. They include the employees necessary for the firm's success.
c. They usually have more power than primary stakeholders.
d. They provide vital resources that companies need.
e. They have legitimacy and can exert power.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 32
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
8. A stakeholder group that is absolutely necessary for a firm’s survival is defined as

a. direct.
b. tertiary.
c. secondary.
d. special-interest.
e. primary.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 32
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
9. When unethical acts are discovered in a firm, in most instances

a. they are caused by unwilling participants.
b. the cause is due to external stakeholders.
c. the perpetrators are caught and prosecuted.
d. there was knowing cooperation or complicity from within the company.
e. the cause is a corrupt board of directors.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 30
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
10. The normative approach ______________________.

a. focuses on the actual behavior of the firm and usually addresses how decisions and strategies are made for
stakeholder relationships
b. describes what happens if firms behave in a particular way
c. is the degree to which a firm understands and addresses stakeholder demands
d. describes reciprocal relationships between the firm and a host of stakeholders
e. identifies guidelines that dictate how firms should treat stakeholders
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 31
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
11. A stakeholder orientation can be viewed as a(n)

a. necessity for business success.
b. continuum.
c. polarizing concept.
d. good marketing ploy.
e. expensive proposition.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 36
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
12. Shareholders provide resources to an organization that are critical to long-term success. Which of the following does
the book suggest that suppliers offer?
a. The promise of customer loyalty
b. Material resources and/or intangible knowledge
c. Infrastructure
d. Revenue
e. Leadership skills

ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 32
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
13. Which of the following describes the four levels of social responsibility?
a. Economic, social, legal, and voluntary
b. Economic, legal, environmental, and ethical
c. Financial, legal, environmental, and philanthropic
d. Economic, financial, legal, and ethical
e. Economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 36
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LO: 2-2 - Define social responsibility.
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
14. The first of the three activities that are associated with the stakeholder orientation is the
a. organization-wide generation of data.
b. organization's responsiveness to intelligence.
c. set of consumer attributes identified.
d. organizational strategy of target markets.
e. human relations department's set of priorities.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 33
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
15. Public health and safety and support of local organizations are issues most relevant to which stakeholder group?
a. Investors
b. Community
c. Suppliers
d. Customers
e. Employees
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 34, Table 2-1
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
16. Minimizing the use of energy and reducing emissions and waste are issues of importance to which stakeholder?
a. Environmental groups
b. Suppliers
c. Employees
d. Industry leaders
e. Investors
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
17. The idea that the mission of business is to produce goods and services at a profit, thus maximizing its contribution to
society is associated with
a. Adam Smith.
b. Archie Carroll.
c. Jack Ma.
d. Noel Biderman
e. Milton Friedman.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 40
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LO: 2-3 - Examine the relationship between stakeholder orientation and social responsibility.
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
18. The originator of the idea of the invisible hand, which is a fundamental concept in free market capitalism, was
a. Adam Smith.
b. Archie Carroll.
c. Jack Ma.
d. Noel Biderman.
e. Milton Friedman.
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 40
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
19. Some economists believe that if companies address economic and legal issues, they are satisfying the demands of
society, and that trying to anticipate and meet additional needs would be almost impossible. Which economist’s theory are
they following most closely with this belief?
a. Adam Smith.
b. Archie Carroll.
c. Jack Ma.
d. Noel Biderman.
e. Milton Friedman.

ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 40
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
20. _________________ is the idea that because people live in a community, social rules should benefit the community.
a. The stakeholder interaction model
b. Consumer protection
c. The common good
d. Sustainability
e. Corporate governance
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 38
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
21. The term used to express how a firm meets its stakeholder expectations of its economic, legal, ethical, and
philanthropic responsibilities is
a. reputation.
b. corporate citizenship.
c. corporate ethical audit.
d. ethical citizenship.
e. fiduciary duties.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 37

DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
22. In corporate governance, _____ is the process of auditing and improving organizational decisions and actions.
a. profit
b. loyalty
c. accountability
d. control
e. diligence
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 43
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LO: 2-5 - Explore the role of corporate governance in structuring ethics and social
responsibility in business.
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
23. Accountability, oversight, and control all fall under the definition and implementation of corporate
a. profit.
b. loyalty.
c. care.
d. governance.
e. diligence.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 43
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM

24. Major corporate governance issues normally involve _____ decisions. (Choose the response that is most correct)
a. strategic-level
b. tactical-level
c. divisional-level
d. marketing-level
e. accounting-level
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 44
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
25. Which of the following is a major ethical concern among corporate boards of directors?
a. Compensation
b. The non-traditional directorship approach
c. Dividend reporting
d. Secondary stakeholders
e. Debt swaps
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 42
p. 46-48
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
26. The purpose of a stakeholder orientation is to

a. emphasize shareholders and provide them with a return on their investment.
b. maximize positive outcomes that meet stakeholder needs.
c. enhance the profitability of the firm.
d. determine which stakeholders to address and which to ignore.
e. allow stakeholders to determine the limits of executive compensation.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 41
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
27. The specific steps for implementing the stakeholder perspective do not include which of the following?
a. Identifying stakeholder groups
b. Identifying stakeholder issues
c. Identifying and gaining stakeholder feedback
d. Identifying and gaining government feedback
e. Assessing organizational commitment to social responsibility groups
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 48-50
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LO: 2-6 - List the steps involved in implementing a stakeholder perspective in social
responsibility and business ethics.
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
28. What are the four levels of social responsibility?

a. Financial, religious, ethical, and philanthropic
b. Ethical, philanthropic, selfish, and short-sighted
c. Economic, long-term, ethical, and philanthropic.
d. Economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic
e. Economic, compliance, legal, and philanthropic
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

REFERENCES: p. 36, Figure 2-3
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
29. The _____ model is founded in classic economic precepts.

a. economic
b. shareholder
c. stakeholder
d. board
e. ISO
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 44
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
30. Which of the following are not typically secondary stakeholders?

a. Television news anchors
b. Special-interest groups
c. Customers
d. Trade associations
e. Journalists
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy

DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
31. Which of the following are not typically primary stakeholders?

a. Customers
b. Trade associations
c. Employees
d. Shareholders
e. Suppliers
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
32. Why do critics argue that high compensation for boards of directors is a bad thing?
a. It is too expensive for the organization.
b. It could cause conflicts of interest between the directors and the organization.
c. It is not fair to poorly compensated employees.
d. High pay will render the board less complacent.
e. Board of director compensation is negatively related to corporate growth.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 46
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
33. Board members being linked to more than one company is an example of
a. the stakeholder concept.
b. the stakeholder model of corporate governance.
c. interlocking directorate.
d. conflict of interest.
e. multiple directorate.
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 46
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
34. What is the first step in implementing a stakeholder perspective in an organization?

a. Identifying resources and determining urgency
b. Identifying stakeholder groups
c. Identifying stakeholder issues
d. Assessing the corporate culture
e. Assessing organizational commitment to social responsibility
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
35. A stakeholder orientation is not complete unless it includes

a. clear accounting procedures.
b. major financing activities.
c. marketing strategy.
d. feedback from special-interest groups.
e. activities that actually address stakeholder issues.
ANSWER: e
POINTS: 1

DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 35
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
36. Compare and contrast the stakeholder and shareholder models of corporate governance.
ANSWER: The shareholder model of corporate governance is founded on classic economic precepts,
including the goal of maximizing wealth for investors and owners. The stakeholder model of
corporate governance adopts a broader view of the purpose of business and answers to all
stakeholders.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 45
QUESTION TYPE: Essay
STUDENT ENTRY MODE: Basic
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
37. Why is ethical misconduct more difficult to overcome than poor financial performance?
ANSWER: Lost finances can be regained but loss of reputation and shareholder confidence could be
deadly.
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 31
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM

38. Discuss the difference between primary and secondary stakeholders in the stakeholder interaction model and give
examples for each type.
ANSWER: The stakeholder interaction model acknowledges there are reciprocal relationships between
the company and several primary and secondary stakeholders. The model also acknowledges
the dialogue between the company's internal and external environments. Primary
stockholders are essential to the company's survival and include employees, shareholders,
suppliers, community, government regulatory agencies, and customers. Secondary
stakeholders are not essential to the company's survival and include special interest groups,
the mass media, competitors, and trade associations.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 32-33, figure 2-2
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
39. Why do some businesspeople and scholars question whether ethics should have a role in business?
ANSWER: Many business people and scholars question the role of ethics and social responsibility in
business. Legal and economic responsibilities are generally accepted as the most important
determinants of performance. "If this is well done," say classic economic theorists, "profits
are maximized more or less continuously and firms carry out their major responsibilities to
society."
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 40
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
40. Discuss three corporate governance issues, why they are defined as issues, and how you would solve them. Use
examples in your answer.
ANSWER: Students could choose from any of several topics listed in the text and in Table 2-4 Corporate
Governance Topics on page 43. Most students will choose executive compensation as one
topic since it was discussed frequently in the text. Compensation is an issue because most
people believe executives are not worth millions of dollars in annual salary and
bonuses. Students may site JP Morgan's policy limiting executive pay to 20 times the pay of
any other employee. There are several other issues including board composition, financial
oversight, and shareholder rights.
POINTS: 1
p. 47 - 48
p. 42
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
41. A broader view of social responsibility

a. views customers as the most important stakeholder.
b. takes into account a shareholder orientation.
c. prioritizes all stakeholders the same way.
d. considers the long-term welfare of society.
e. emphasizes adherence to law as the highest priority.
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 38
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LO: 2-4 - Delineate a stakeholder orientation in creating corporate social responsibility.
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
42. Which of the following is one of an organization's greatest intangible assets with tangible values?
a. Reputation
b. Profitability
c. Philanthropic activities
d. Corporate governance
e. Shareholder value
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 37
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
43. In Dodge vs. Ford Motor Co., the court ruled that a business exists for the profit of shareholders, and the board of
directors should focus on that objective.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: p. 41
QUESTION TYPE: True / False
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
44. The final step in implementing a stakeholder perspective is identifying stakeholders.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
45. Social responsibility rests on a stakeholder orientation.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 38
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: LO: 2-4 - Delineate a stakeholder orientation in creating corporate social responsibility.
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
46. Ethics and social responsibility can be used interchangeably.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 36
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
47. Government regulators are a secondary stakeholder.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: Figure 2-2, p. 35
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
48. The board of directors' fiduciary duty to a company means they have assumed a position of trust and confidence that
entails certain responsibilities.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
DIFFICULTY: Easy
REFERENCES: p. 18
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:LO: 2-5 - Explore the role of corporate governance in structuring ethics and social
DATE CREATED: 11/10/2017 10:21 AM
49. Directors share a ______, which means all their decisions should be in the best interests of the corporation and its
stakeholders.
a. duty of loyalty
b. duty of oversight
c. duty to audit
d. duty of control
e. duty of cooperation
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
DATE CREATED: 11/17/2017 7:57 AM
50. Both directors and officers of corporations are fiduciaries for the shareholders. Fiduciaries are persons placed in
positions of trust that act on behalf of the best interests of the organization. This is defined as
a. duty of oversight and loyalty.
b. duty of care or a duty of diligence
c. duty of control and audit.
d. duty of confidence and leadership.
e. duty of analysis and insight.
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:LO: 2-5 - Explore the role of corporate governance in structuring ethics and social
KEYWORDS: Bloom’s: Knowledge
DATE CREATED: 11/17/2017 8:00 AM

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Test Bank for Business Ethics: Ethical

Decision Making & Cases, 12th Edition

7. Why is it important for businesses to recognize secondary stakeholder groups?

8. A stakeholder group that is absolutely necessary for a firm’s survival is defined as

9. When unethical acts are discovered in a firm, in most instances

10. The normative approach ______________________.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

11. A stakeholder orientation can be viewed as a(n)

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 5

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10

26. The purpose of a stakeholder orientation is to

28. What are the four levels of social responsibility?

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29. The _____ model is founded in classic economic precepts.

30. Which of the following are not typically secondary stakeholders?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 13

31. Which of the following are not typically primary stakeholders?

34. What is the first step in implementing a stakeholder perspective in an organization?

35. A stakeholder orientation is not complete unless it includes

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 15

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16

41. A broader view of social responsibility

44. The final step in implementing a stakeholder perspective is identifying stakeholders.

45. Social responsibility rests on a stakeholder orientation.

46. Ethics and social responsibility can be used interchangeably.

47. Government regulators are a secondary stakeholder.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 21

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 22

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