Chapter-1 DETERMINERS

Exercise-1. A. the, a, an, The, x, the B. A, the, a, The, the, The, the, x, the, the
C. X, the, X, a, The, the, the
Exercise-2. The, x, The, an, a, x, the
The, a, the, An, the, the, a, a, The, x, a, the
Exercise-3. 1. He failed in English, which is the language of the English. 2. His
uncle is a physician and surgeon. 3. I do not like this kind of novels. 4. Every child
has a right to education. 5. Houses have been built on either side of the road. 6.
The jar does not contain any biscuits. Could you kindly bring some? 7.We gave up
the project because we had little hope of its success. 8.The few G.K.books I had
did not contain any new information. 9. No fewer than ten trees were uprooted by
the storm. 10.A few seats are still vacant in our nursery wing.
Chapter-2 VERBS: EXPRESSING THE PRESENT
Exercise-1. is, differs, has, protect, has, disturbs, smells, curls, is, is
d o, eat
feed, dig
live, are, helps
do not see, come
Exercise-2. 1. am going, go, Are you not feeling 2. like, is, want, is hiding, do not
think 3. Does she know, is coming, lives, visits, is coming 4. are, am, take, am
planting, tell
Chapter-3 VERBS: EXPRESSING THE PAST
Exercise-1. sent, was
glanced, did not know, scanned, sought, pored, did not find, made, had
said
wrote, wanted
Exercise-2. 1. went, visited 2.has just finished, (has) returned 3.saw, was, have not
seen 4. inaugurated, have not started 5. rose, was, was, became 6. have begun
7.began
Exercise-3. have just seen, have given, has won, has set, has hailed, has
congratulated, has published, has announced, has brought
Exercise-4. reached , had hoped , found , had alread y closed , had taken, had won,
(had) decided, had come, had arrived, had started , had, was
Chapter-4 VERBS: EXPRESSING THE FUTURE
Exercise-1. 1. am going to faint 2. is going to happen 3.is going to sink 4. are you
going to wear 5. are going to decorate 6. will you d o, will ask 7. am going to take
8. will not resign, will work 9.will pay 10.will wash
Exercise-2. 1. will not take, is 2. will book, get 3. will c hange, have 4. will lend,
promise 5. halts, will buy 6. will resume, dries 7. will not open, push 8. will go,
accompany 9. will supervise, go 10. will you do, do not get

Chapter-5 VERBS: MODALS

Exercise-1. 1. I should join you at dinner. 2. She might contact you tomorrow.
3. She can't be telling the truth. 4. I may not go out this evening. 5. She ought to
return your notes tomorrow. 6. You can't overtake on this stretch of the road.
7. You needn't be a member to get in. 8. Anyone can learn to swim. 9. She must
have missed the school bus. 10. Mr Kaul can't have left the office so early.
Exercise-2. 1. He may have misplaced the car keys. 2. She can't have deceived
you intentionally. 3. He should pass the driving test easily. 4. Kapil might not have
got your message. 5. They could have been caught in a traffic jam. 6. You must
have read the instructions carefully. 7. The unit test can't have been cancelled.
8. She might not have appeared for the interview. 9. I couldn't carry the reference
books home. 10. She may have forgotten about the meeting.
Exercise-3. 1. It should have gone to the nets for prac tic e. 2. I should have
c onsulted a doc tor. 3. She could have got photoc opies of important pages done
from the market. 4. He could have paid his loan. 5. They ought to have stayed with
their old parents. 6. They could have bought a new one.
(Variations are possible.)

Chapter-6 VERBS: CONDITIONALS

Exercise-1. 1. If an elec tric charge is produc ed in a c loud 2. it turns sour
3. sparks appear 4. the tape moves forward 5. it erupts 6. its decline is inevitable
7. If students work hard and thoughtfully
(Other responses are acceptable.)
Exercise-2. 1. If the shopkeeper gives 25% discount, I will buy this jacket. 2.
If weather improves, we will play badminton. 3. If Father comes home early, we will
go to the club in the evening. 4. If there is no power breakdown, we will watch an
old classic on Star Plus. 5. If Priya and Bobby agree, we will go to the Book
Fair. 6. If there is sufficient light, we will take some photographs. 7. If we say no to
c rac kers, we will have a c leaner and purer Diwali. 8. If we get good tomatoes, we
will make tomato soup.
(1. Slight variations in sentence construction are possible. 2. Short forms of I will, we will, etc.,
are acceptable.)
Exercise-3. 1. f and g 2. c and d 3. b and d 4. a and e
Exercise-4. 1. c 2. e 3. g 4. a 5. f 6. h 7. b 8. d 9. i
(Take clues from the tenses used in the sentences.)
Chapter-7 VERBS: NON-FINITE FORMS
Exercise-1. A. 1. to learn 2. learn 3. touch 4. to defy 5. to repeat 6. repeat
B. 1. Manish was sensible enough not to waste his time. 2. She was too careful to
make any mistakes. 3. His father is rich enough to afford to buy this luxury car.
4. Now our country is developed enough to compete with western countries.
Exercise-2. A. 1. Finding the shop closed, Juhi immediately returned home.
2. Putting on his overcoat, he went for a walk. 3. Taking aim, he fired at the enemy.
4. Putting the letter away, I switched on the TV. 5. Being disturbed by the noise, he
made many mistakes.
B. Students' individual response.
Chapter-a VERBS: ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
Exercise-1. The onions and green chillies are sliced. The coconut is grated and
one cup first and one cup second milk are extracted. The oil is heated. The onions
and green chillies are fried in it till onions are transparent. Now, ginger and garlic
paste, vegetables and salt are added. The mixture is fried for a few seconds. Then
after adding some milk to it, it is cooked till the vegetables are done. Now, the first
milk is added; the mixture is simmered for a while and removed from the fire.
Coriander leaves are added as garnish. This stew is served with boiled rice or
white bread.
Exercise-2. 1. Everyone is expected to do their duty. 2. Important announcements
were being made over a loudspeaker. 3. The old furniture should be disposed of.
4. When is the train expected? 5. By whom has my bag been removed from here?
6. The police had already been informed. 7. Is stationery sold here? 8. The patient
should be given this medicine every three hours. (This medicine should be
given...) 9. A noise should not be made here. 10. I was given a new pen by my
father. (A new pen was given to me...) 11. It is said that this tree is over five
hundred years old. (This tree is said to be over five...) 12. Let this class library be
managed by students themselves. 13. Your wishes should not be imposed on the
children. (Let your wishes not be imposed...) 14. I should be served bed tea at
5 a.m. (Bed tea should be served to me...) 15. Your dog should be taken to
vet immediately. (Let your dog be taken...)
Exercise-3. 1. Millions of people now use the internet. 2. Many companies have
created internet websites. 3. (The librarian) is issuing two library tickets to each
student. 4. A discussion on the topic will follow the speech. 5. The psychologist
clearly explained the meaning... 6. (We) expect this publicity campaign to boost
the sales. 7. (You) must return these books to the library before Saturday. 8.
Please do not talk in the corridor. 9. Give this packet of green tea to Uncle Ravi.
10. Paint the walls of my room sky blue. 11. (The police) had already investigated
the case thoroughly. 12. Who was coaching the team? 13. How many students
have (they) called for the audition? 14. Did (you) submit the assignment in time?
15. Have (they) despatched all the cartons of apples?
Chapter-9 COMPARISONS
Exercise. 1. pleasant 2. old, younger 3. latest 4. best 5. older 6. interesting
7. important 8. costliest 9. more serious 10. smarter 11. most famous
12. more confident 13. accomplished, great 14. more mechanical 15. friendly
Chapter-10 ADVERBS
Exercise-1. 1. The children ran fast around the field. 2. The students sat quietly in
their classroom all morning. (All morning, the students...) 3. The Principal went
through the file carefully later in the day. 4. Last evening, it snowed heavily in the
Kashmir valley. 5. Yesterday she answered all the questions confidently at the
interview. 6. She danced gracefully at the concert last week. 7. He spoke to us
rudely on our way to school in the morning. 8. The boy chased the goats angrily
out of his lawn when he saw them eating his plants. 9. A robbery took place in the
TOI Mall at 4 o' clock in the afternoon. 10. A few minutes ago, the car knocked
against the divider accidentally while it was overtaking another vehicle.
(Variations are possible.)
Exercise-2. 1. He does not probably know how to handle this machine. 2. We are
rather late. We should better hurry. 3. She hasn't learnt to drive a car yet. 4. I met
him four weeks ago. 5. We rented this house only for a year. 6. I have not been
here long enough to have many friends. 7. He drank his coffee quickly and began
to work. 8. Anurag is 18 but he still behaves like a child. 9. I know him fairly well. I
can talk to him frankly. 10. We are still living in the same house.
(Variations are possible.)

Chapter-11 PREPOSITIONS
Exercise-1. 1. at, in, on 2. in, of, on 3. off, into 4. out of, on/onto 5. under 6. on,
under 7. from, over 8. near/opposite/in front of, from 9. along, for 10. from, to, at, at
11. between 12. in, at 13. for, of, by 14. in, for 15. before, at, since
Exercise-2. 1. with, for 2. of 3. of, to 4. for, of 5. by, in 6. with, by 7. between 8. of, of
9. for, about 10. at, at
Chapter-12 CONJUNCTIONS
Exercise-1. 1. The farmer sold the house as it had become old. 2. We started very
early so that we could reach the summit before noon. 3. She is so young that she
cannot be given this responsibility. 4. I discontinued my dance classes since I
couldn't find time for them. 5. Don't strain yourself lest you should fall ill again.
6. He was such a poor man that he had to beg for food. 7. I could not withdraw
money because the bank was closed. 8. She joined National School of Drama so
that she could learn direction. 9. I had a comfortable journey as I had booked my
seat in advance. 10. Don't take this medicine on empty stomach lest it should
harm you.
Exercise-2. 1. He signed the contract although he wasn't satisfied with the terms. 2.
You should not take this medicine unless your doctor recommends it. 3. He was
made the manager of the bank even though he was very junior. 4. You will do well
in the examination only if you work hard. 5. No concession was given to me
although my teacher had recommended my case. 6. You cannot escape
punishment even if you are innocent.
Exercise-3. 1. As soon as the train slowed down, he jumped on to the platform.
2. When I reached the school, the assembly had already begun. 3. We haven't
heard from her since she left Delhi last week. 4. Whenever I read this poem, tears
come into my eyes. 5. As our car neared the village, my heart was filled with old
memories. 6. She has been feeling lonely since her father went abroad last week.
Chapter-13 PHRASES AND CLAUSES
Exercise-1. 1. that he ... me 2. that no one ... help 3. That he ... apologise 4. why
she ... me 5. that he might be arrested 6. how he ... the class 7. why I ... changes
8. why he ... the whistle 9. what your ... says 10. Exactly how ... escaped 11. that the
... increased 12. how far ... was
Exercise-2. A. Students' individual response.
B. 1. She wore in her hair the jewels which her husband had bought her. 2. A chair
which had one leg broken was lying near the window. 3. A beggar who was dressed
in rags wanted to meet the king. 4. A briefcase which was full of explosives was
detected outside a bank. 5. The Principal, who believed in strict discipline, punished
the erring students.
Chapter-14 RELATIVE CLAUSES
Exercise-1. 1. whom/who 2. who 3. whose 4. that 5. which/that 6. whom/who
7. who 8. who 9. whose 10. that 11. which/that 12. whose 13. whom/who 14. that
15. which/that
Exercise-2. Students' individual response.
Chapter-15 SENTENCES: SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX
Exercise-1. A. Students' individual response.
B. Students' individual response.
Exercise-2. 1. I will not go to school, for I am not feeling well.
I will not go to school because I am not feeling well.
2. These shoes are very expensive, yet I will purchase them.
Although these shoes are very expensive, I will purchase them.
3. You should wear heavy woollens, for it is very cold outside.
You should wear heavy woollens because it is very cold outside.
4. You should not take this road, or you will be caught in a traffic jam.
If you take this road, you will be caught in a traffic jam.
 5. Sandhya hasn't learnt classical music, still she can sing well.
Although Sandhya hasn't learnt classical music, she can sing well.
6. This medicine acts slowly, but it is safe.
Although this medicine acts slowly, it is safe.
7. Do not buy tickets in black market, or you may be cheated.
If you buy tickets in black market, you may be cheated.
8. I bought some very interesting novels and presented them to my sister.
I bought some very interesting novels, which I presented to my sister.
9. He has never been absent, so he will be promoted.
He will be promoted because (as) he has never been absent.
10. This year it did not rain much, so we had a poor rice crop.
This year we had a poor rice crop because (as) it did not rain much.
{Variations are possible.)

Chapter-16 TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES

Exercise-1. 1. My heart is so full that I am not able even to thank you. 2. No other
virtue is as important as patriotism. 3. If you had not helped him, he would not have
continued his studies. 4. What have I done to invite your wrath? 5. It is strange that
his own brother is so jealous of his progress. 6. To practise is not so easy as it is to
preach. 7. Although she is efficient, she lacks sincerity. 8. We found this report full of
information. 9. Besides being beautifully printed, this book is free from mistakes
also. 10. She explained her point of view in a gentle manner.
(Variations are possible.)
Exercise-2. 1. S he will probably change her school in the next session.
2. Santro is more popular than most other small cars. 3. This news is so strange that
it cannot be believed. 4. The battery is strong enough to last twenty-four hours. 5. I
wish I could meet him and give him proper advice. 6. He treated the visitors very
generously. 7.1 have no intention of going there. 8. Although these are minor points,
they cannot be neglected. 9. Had my circumstances permitted me, I would have
resigned. 10. I do not deny that you have put in your best.
{Variations are possible.)

Chapter-17 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Exercise-1. 1. Gaurav observed that everybody was talking of going to the moon.
He felt that they should do something different. 2. Kapil asked him what he proposed
to do. Gaurav suggested going to the sun. He said that they would be the first one to
do that. Kapil agreed that that was a great idea. 3. But Kapil pointed out that if they
got very close to the sun, they would melt. Gaurav advised him not to worry
because they would go at night.
Exercise-2. 1. The children begged their mother to allow them to play. 2. Sumi's
friend urged her not to despair and try again. 3. Ram Chand's wife pleaded with
him to give up smoking. 4. The employer warned the assistant not to use the office
phone for personal calls. 5. Anju's mother reminded her to switch off the oven after
ten minutes. 6. The doctor advised the patient to get up early and go for a morning
walk.
Exercise-3. 1. that they were celebrating their Annual Day the following month
and they were planning to present a ballet on that occasion 2. if they had selected
the ballet 3. that they had selected a ballet... 4. if anyone was interested in
participating 5. to give her a role as she was really...
Chapter-18 PUNCTUATION AND CAPITAL LETTERS
Exercise. 1. "Which way did these persons go?" asked the inspector.
"Up that second road on the left," replied the shopkeeper, "and then across the
park."
"Thanks," said the inspector and hurriedly went away.
2. When Aunt Alka presented me a copy of Gandhi's My Experiments with Truth, I
hardly realised how much I was going to enjoy reading this book.
"Did you ever see Gandhi in person?" I asked Aunt Alka.
"Yes, dear, I often went to attend his prayer meetings. He was a very sincere
person, unlike today's politicians," said Aunt Alka.
3. The teacher went through the composition, shook her head in dismay and said,
"I don't understand how a single person can make so many mistakes."
"It wasn't a single person, Ma'am," said Abhinav proudly. "Father also helped me in
writing this essay."
Chapter-20 WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED
Exercise. A. 1. notorious 2. historical 3. industrious 4. honorary 5. assured
B. 1. eminent, imminent 2. former, farmer 3. memorable, memorial 4. respectable,
respectful
C. 1. peal➔peel 2. No mistake 3. bail➔bale 4. adapt➔adopt 5. No mistake
Chapter-21 WORDS FOLLOWED BY APPROPRIATE PREPOSITIONS
Exercise-1. 1. from, to 2. to, about, of 3. from, since 4. on, on/in 5. of, for, under
6. of, of 7. to, with 8. to, for 9. for, at 10. of, for, in
Exercise-2. 1. after, of, on 2. for, of 3. By, with 4. in, to 5. with, at, in 6. over, with
7. with, in 8. to, of 9. with, to, in 10. of, for
Chapter-22 SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Exercise-1. 1. lofty 2. candid 3. perturbed 4. hideous 5. tyranny 6. peril 7. invade
8. procure 9. obstruct 10. acknowledge 11. investigate 12. triumph
Exercise-2. Across: 3. reckless 5. strive 7. purpose 10. pride 11. evident 12. timid
14. infinite
Down: 1. surrender 2. grave 4. error 6. insolent 8. meddle 9. genuine 13. dread
Exercise-3. A. 1. contradict 2. reveal 3. dismiss 4. confusion 5. latter 6. retreat
7. disappear 8. final 9. native
B. 1. intelligent, foolish 2. cruel, kind 3. idle, busy 4. rare, common 5. modest,
arrogant
Exercise-4. Across: 1. vice 4. coarse 6. save 8. compulsory 10. obey
12. complex 13. expand 14. separate
Down: 1. victory 2. foe 3. miser 5. seldom 7. exit 9. yield 11. bless
Chapter-23 IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS
Exercise-1. A. 1. d 2. c 3. b 4. a 5. d 6. c 7. d 8. b
B. 1. a 2. d 3. c 4. d
Exercise-2. A. 1. call back 2. call off 3. drop in 4. fall through 5. hang up 6. let
down 7. put through 8. take off 9. go off 10. run out of
B. 1. a 2. a 3. c 4. b
Chapter-25 READING SKILLS
Exercise-1. A. 1. c 2. a
B. 1. Corbett National Park attracts the Delhiites because it is easily accessible
and offers a wide variety of wildlife. 2. It is the first national park of India, set up in
1936. Secondly, it was the first park selected for Project Tiger. 3. Dhikala is the
main entry point to the Tiger Reserve Area. Most of the residential accommodation
has been built at Dhikala. 4. It is situated in a large grassy plateau near the
Ramganga Reservoir. 5. The Himalayan palm civet, Indian grey mongoose,
common otter and porcupine.
C. While moving in a jeep, the tourist would be virtually a prisoner. Besides, seated
on an elephant's back, it would be possible to get a better view of the wildlife.
D. 1. proximity 2. prolific 3. accessible 4. plateau 5. panoramic
Exercise-2. A. 1. c 2. d
B. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F
C. 1. ... a mixture of human sweat, manure and charred wood. 2. ... by smacking
their lips, ... by striking their cheeks. 3. ... gentle, kind and forgiving. They like to live
in harmony with other animals. 4. ... to stand firmly at one place and look him in
the eyes. 5. ... they spoil the crops or loot their honey.
D. 1. (a) We do not have any satisfactory photograph of a gorilla in a wild state.
(b) Zoologists have not been able to study the habits of gorillas in their natural
habitat. (c) Nothing can be said with certainty about the lifespan of the gorilla or
the extent of its intelligence or its family life. 2. If the female gorilla is in danger, she
gives out a scream. If the male gorilla is in danger, he utters a terrifying roar. He
may express his anger by drumming on his chest or shaking a tree. In extreme
cases, he may even attack.
E. 1. charred 2. def icient 3. charge 4. dwindle 5. lair
Exercise-3. A. 1. b 2. b
B. 1. ... they are not very caring and kind towards animals. 2. ... he was pre­
occupied with other matters. 3. ... though the Hindus worship the cow, they do not
treat her kindly. 4. ... the animals whose examples they keep before them and after
whom they mould their character are fighting and aggressive animals. 5. ... the
Hindus are mild and non-violent.
C. 1. aggressive 2. ambition
Exercise-4. A. 1. The owl silently flies across the hill and sits down on a branch of
some tree. 2. A sentinel's job is to guard a place. Since the owl keeps awake at
night and hoofs at regular intervals, the poet thinks of him as the sentinel of the
forest. 3. The peacock and the owl. He finds the owl's cry much softer than the
peacock's. 4. Normally, the owl's hooting is believed to bring bad luck. But the poet
finds it good. To the poet, the owl's cry means:
'The night is good-all's well, all's well.'
5. Hooting is as natural to an owl as speaking is to man. If man must speak, owls
must hoot. If a man's speech can cause no harm, why should an owl's hooting be
harmful?
B. A friendly presence his!
No harm can come
From night bird on the prowl.
C. The poet appears to be very fond of wildlife. He must also be a keen observer of
nature.