CBSE CLASS 11 SAMPLE PAPER

PHYSICS SET-1

Time Allowed: 3Hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions
1. All questions are compulsory. There are 26 questions in all.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B,
Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. Section A contains five questions of one mark each, Section B
contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains
twelve questions of three marks each, Section D contains one value
based question of four marks and Section E contains three
questions of five marks each.
4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been
provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks
and all the three questions of five marks weightage. You have to
attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5. You may use the following values of physical constants
wherever necessary.
c
= 3 × 108 m / s
=h 6.34 × 1034 Js
µo
= 4π × 10-7 T m A -1
=e 1.6 × 1019 C
=εo 8.854 × 10-12 C2  -2
Nm
{1/ ( 4π ε )}= 9 × 10 N m C
o
9 2 2

Mass of electron= 9.1×10 kg

−31

Mass of neutron = 1.675×10−27 kg

Mass of proton = 1.673×10−27 kg

Avogadro's number = 6.023×10 per gram mole

23

Boltzmann constant = 1.38 ×10 JK−23 −1

SECTION A [5 marks]

1
Give practical unit of power.
Ans 1. Practical unit of power is horse power (hp)
1 HP = 746 W

What is ultimate or tensile strength? (Hots)

Ans 2.
The critical point of stress which the breaks or ruptures ultimately
is called ultimate or tensile strength.

What is an adiabatic process?

Ans 3.
When no exchange of heating energy between the system and
surrounding, the process is called adiabatic. Such processes are
carried in non-conducting cylinders.

What are elastomer’s? (Hots)

Ans 4.
The substance which can be stretched to large values of strain are
called elastomers, e.g., elastic tissue of aorta, the largest artery
carrying blood from the heart.

What is the basic condition for the motion of a particle to be

S.H.M. ?
Ans 5. The necessary condition for motion of an object to be
simple harmonic is F = – ky or torque, t = – cq.

SECTION B [10 Marks]

Derive S.I. unit of Joule (J) in terms of fundamental units.

Ans 6.

2
 work
= force × displacement
=mass × acceleration × displacement
displacement
mass ×
= × displacement
time
displacement
mass ×
= × displacement
time × time
mass × displacement 2 × time −2
=
Unit of work,
J=kg × m 2 × s −2
= kgm 2 s −2

“The direction in which an object moves is given by the direction

of velocity of the object and not by the direction of acceleration.”
Explain with an example.

Ans 7.
If a ball is thrown up, the direction of motion of the body remains
in the same direction with same velocity whereas the acceleration
due to gravity acts on it in the opposite or downward direction.

Find resultant of two vectors when the two vectors (a) along the

3
same direction, (b) along opposite direction, (c) at right angles to
each other.

Ans 8.
p= p 2 + Q 2 + 2 PQ cosθ
and
Q sin θ
tan α =
P + Q cos θ
(a) R = A + Q and α = 00
( b ) R= P − Q and α =00 to 1800 dependson P>Q or Q>P.
Q
( c=
)R P 2 + Q 2 and α =tan −1
P
Or

A force of 72 dyne is inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 60°.

Find the acceleration in a mass of 9 g, which moves in a horizontal
direction.
Sol:

4
Component of force along horiozontal,
Fx = F cos 600
1
= 72 × = 38dyne
2
Fx = max
Fx
ax =
m
36
= = 4cm −2
9
Why there are two propellers in the helicopter?
Ans 9.
If there is only one propeller, the helicopter that will
start rotaing in a direction opposite to that of the rotation of the
propeller so as to conserve angular momentum.

The speed of sound waves depends on temperature but speed of

light waves does not. Why ?
Ans 10.
RT
v= γ
Sound waves are mechanical waves whose velocity M

Light waves are non- mechanical waves or electromagnetic waves

1
c=
µσ
for which . 0 0

Where, µ is absolute magnetic permeability of free space and σ is

0 0

absolute electrical permittivity of free space.

SECTION C [36 Marks]

Point out the measurable likely to create the maximum error in the
following experimental measurement:
Young’s Modulus of the material of the beam is calculated using
the relation

5
 mgl 3
Y=
4bd 3δ
When w = mg, 8 = depression; 1, b, d = length, breadth, thickness.

Ans 11.
mgl 3
Y=
Here, , g is constant
4bd 3δ
Therefore, maximum relative error in Y is given by
∆Y ∆m 3∆l ∆b 3∆d ∆δ
= + + +
Y m l b d +δ

6
The position-time (x-t) graphs for two children A and B returning
from their school 0 to their homes P and Q respectively are shown.
Choose the correct entries :

(A/B) lives closer to the school than (B/A).

(A/B) starts from the school earlier than (B/A).
(A/B) walks faster than (B/A).
A and B reach home at the (same/different) time. (HOTS)
(A/B) overtakes (B/A) on the road (once/twice).

Ans 12.
(a) A lives closer to the school than B because B has to cover
higher distance [OP < OQ]. 1
(b) A starts from the school earlier than B because t = 0 for A but
B has some finite time.
(c) B walks faster than A because it covers more distance in less
duration of time [slope of B is grater than that of A]. 1
(d) A and B reach home at the same time.
(e) B overtakes A on the road once (at x, i.e., the point of
intersection).

The position of a particle is given by r = 3.0t – 2-0t23 + 4.03k

m,where t is in seconds and the coefficients have the proper units
for x to be in metres. (a) Find v and a of the particle ? (b) What is
the magnitude and direction of velocity of the particle at t = 2.0 s?
 Ans 13.

The positive ( r ) of the particle is
 ˆ ˆ ˆ
r=3.0ti-2.0tj+4.0km

( a ) velocity v ( t ) of the particle is given by

 dr d 
v (=
t) = (r )
dt dt
d
=
dt
( ˆ ˆ
3.0ti-2.0tj+4.0k ˆ)
=3iˆ − 4tjˆ + 0

Also, the acceleration a ( t ) of the particle is given by

 dv ( t ) d 
a (t ) =
= v (t )
dt dt
d ˆ
=
dt
(
3i − 4tjˆ )
= −4 ˆj

(b) At time t, the veocity of the particle is given by using to

equation,

)    3iˆ − 4tjˆ
v (t=
∴At t = 2s,    

v 3.0iˆ −4 × 2 ˆj
=
= 3.0iˆ −8 ˆj

∴ Its magnitude is
v= 32 + ( −8 )
2

= 9 + 64
= 73
= 8.544ms −1
And , direction of v is given by,
 vy  −1  −8 
θ =tan −   = tan  
 vx   3 
= 700 with x-axis.

A train rounds an unbanked circular bend of radius 30 m at a speed

of 54 km h-1. The mass of the train is 106 kg. What provides the
centripetal force required for this purpose? The engine or the rails?
What is the angle of banking to prevent wearing out of the rail?

Ans 14.
Given, radius of circular bend, r = 30 m
Speed of train = 54kmh-1 = 15ms-1
Mass of train, m = 106 kg
According to Newton’s third law of motion, the train exerts (i.e.,
causes) an equal and opposite thrust on the outer rail causing its
wear and tear.
v2
tan θ =
rg
(15)
2

tan
= θ × 9.8
30
225
=
30 × 9.8
= 0.7653
tan θ = tan 37 0 25'
= 37.420

What is coefficient of restitution? Give its values for elastic

collision, inelastic collision and perfectly inelastic collisions.
Ans 15.
The ratio of relative velocity of separation after collision to the
relative velocity of approach before
collision.

Coefficient of restitution,
v2 − v1
e=
u1 − u2
where u1 and u2 are initial velocities of the two colliding bodies
and v1, v2 are their final velocities
after collision.
(i) For elastic collision, velocity of separation is equal to the
 velocity of approach.
e=1
(ii) For inelastic collision, velocity of separation is not zero but
always less than the velocity of
approach.
0<e<1
(iii) For perfectly inelastic collision, the colliding bodies do not
separate & move with same velocity, e = 0

Show that momentum is conserved.

Ans 16.
Using Newton’s second law of motion for a system of N particles,
total force.
 1= N d 
F = ∑ ( mi vi )
i =1 dt

d   
= ( m1v1 + m2v2 + ............... + mn vn )
dt
Internal forces acting on the particles cancel out in pairs. Taking
external force also to be zero.
i.e.

F =0
d   
( m1v1 + m2v2 + ............... + mn vn ) =
0
dt
  
m1v1 + m2 v2 + ............... + mn vn = cons tan t

The above expression is called principles of conservation of linear

momentum.

Does the escape velocity of body from the earth depend upon :
the mass of the body ?
the location from where it is projected ?
the direction of projection ?
the height of location from where the body is launched ?
Ans 17.

The escape velocity does not depends upon the value of

gravitational, as
2GM
ve =
R
The escape velocity depends upon the value of gravitational
potential at the point from where
the body is projected. As the earth is not a perfect sphere,
because of this escape velocity does depend on the latitude of the
place from where the body is projected.

The escape velocity of a body is independent of its direction of

projection.
The escape velocity of a body is independent of its direction of
projection and escape velocity will be different for different value
of h.

What is transverse wave motion. Give examples.

Ans 18.
If the particles of a medium vibrate in a direction normal to the
direction of travel of wave, the
motion is called transverse wave motion, e.g., stretched strings of
violin, sonometer etc. Electromagnetic waves are also transverse in
nature. Crests and troughts are formed when a transverse wave
propagates. And the distance between conscutive troughs or crests
is called wavelength.
(a) In deriving Bernoulli’s equation, we equated the work done on
the fluid in the tube to its change in the potential and kinetic
energy.(a) How does the pressure change as the fluid moves along
the tube if dissipative forces are present ?
(b) Do the dissipative forces become more important as the fluid
velocity increases ? Discuss qualitatively.

Ans 19.
(a) While deriving Bernoulli’s equation, we say that
Descrease in pressure energy per second = increase in K.E. /sec +
increase in P.E. /sec

If viscous forces are absent then the fluid flows from lower to
upper edge there is
a fall of pressure energy due to the fall of pressure. If dissipating
force are present, then a part of
this pressure energy will be used in overcoming these forces during
the flow of fluid. Hence there
shall be greater drop of pressure as the fluid moves along the tube.

(b) Yes, the dissipative forces become more important as the fluid
velocity increases.
From Newton’s law of viscous drag we know that
dv
F = −η A
dx
Derive equation of continuity.
Ans 20.
Equation of continuity : Consider a non-viscous liquid in steam
line flow through a tube AB of
varying cross-section. Let a1, a2 = area of cross-section of the tube
at A and B respectively.
v1, v2 = velocity of flow of liquid at A and B respectively.
1, 2 = density of liquid at A and B respectively.
\ Volume of liquid entering per second at A
= a1 v1
Mass of liquid entering per second at A
= a1 v11
Similarly, mass of liquid leaving per second at B
= a2 v2 2
If there is no loss liquid in the tube and the flow is steady, then
mass of liquid entering per second at A = mass of liquid leaving
per second at B
Or a1 v11 = a2 v22 ....(1)
If the liquid is incompressible, then
ρ1 = ρ 2
a1v1 = a 2 v 2

Or av = a constant ....(2)
This is known as equation of continuity.
 Obtain degrees of freedom for
monoatomic,
diatomic and
(c) triatomic molecules.
Ans 21.
(a) Monoatomic molecule :
A monoatomic molecule has N = 1 and I = 0
Degrees of freedom, f = 3N – 1
= 3× 1 – 0
= 3

(b) Diatomic molecule :

A diatomic molecule has N = 2 and I = 1
Degrees of freedom, f = 3N – 1
= 3× 2 – 1
= 5

(c) Triatomic molecule :

(i) Linear. A linear triatomic molecule has

=N 3=
and I 2
f = 3N – I
= 3× 3 – 2
= 7
(ii) Non-linear. A non-linear triatomic molecules has N = 3 and I =
3.
f = 3N – 1
= 3× 3 – 3
= 6.

Answer the following questions based on the P-T phase diagram of

CO2 .
At what temperature and pressure can the solid, liquid and vapour
phases of CO2 co-exist in equilibrium ?
What is the effect of decrease of pressure on the fusion and boiling
point of CO2 ?
What are the critical temperature and pressure for CO2 ? What is
their significance ?
Is CO2 solid, liquid or gas at :
– 70° C under 1 atm.
– 60° C under 10 atm.
15°C under 56 atm.
Ans 22.
(i) At the triple point, i.e., temperature = – 56·6°C and pressure =
5·11 atm, the vapour, liquid and
the solid phase = 5·11 atm, the vapour, liquid and the solid phase
of CO2 exist in equilibrium.
(ii) If the pressure decreases, both fusion of CO2 in boiling points
decreases.
(iii) The critical temperature and pressure of CO2 are 31·1°C and
73·0 atm respectively. If the
temperature of CO2 is more than 31·1°C, it cannot be liquidified,
how soever large pressure we
may reply to it.
(iv) (a) CO2 will be a vapour at – 70°C at a pressure of 1 atm.
(b) CO2 will be solid at – 60°C at a pressure of 10 atm.
(c) It will be liquid at 15°C at a pressure of 56 atm.

A group of students went to a place on excursion. While boating on

sea water, the students identified a submerged Torpedo shaped
structure. The boys debated among themselves on what they saw.
 A student by name Rohan considering it as a threat informed the
police. The police took necessary steps to protect the country from
the enemy submarine. Rohan was rewarded.
What are the qualities exhibited by Rohan ?
A SONAR system fixed in a submarine operates at a frequency 40
kHz. An enemy submarine moves towards the SONAR with a
speed of 360 km/hr. What is the frequency of sound reflected by
the submarine ? Take the speed of sound in water to be 1450 m/s.
(V.B.Q.)
Ans 23.
(a) He is a responsible citizen, he is duty minded, having
presence of mind.
(b) Apparent frequency received by an enemy submarine,
(v + v0 )
v' = { }
v
 (1450 + 100 ) 
v   × 40 × 103Hz
 1450 
= 4, 276 × 104Hz

This frequency is reflected by the enemy submarine (source) and is

observed by SONAR (now observer)
In this case apparent frequency
 v 
=v"   ×v
 ( v – vs ) 
1450
= [ ] × 4.276 ×104Hz
(1450 –100 )
= 45.9kHz

SECTION D [4 Marks]

In a car race, car A takes a time t less than car B and finishes the
finishing point with a velocity v more than that of the car B.
Assuming that the cars start from rest and travel with, show
constant accelerations a1 and a2 respectively, show that v=
√(a1.a2)
The displacement of a particle moving in one dimension under the
action of a constant force is related to the time t by the equation t =
√x + 3, where x is inmetre and t is in second. Find the displacement
of the particle when its velocity is zero.

Ans 24.

(i) Let v1 and v2 = finishing velocities of car A and car B

and t1 and t2 = finishing time intervals for car A and car B
d = distance travelled by both cars acceleration to statement
v= v1 − v2 ..............(i )
t= t2 − t1...............(ii )
Let d is the distance covered during race by each car
Therefore,
 u+v
s= t
 2 
For car A
 0 + v1 
d =  t1
 2 
vt
= 1 1 ,.......(iii )
2
For car B,
 0 + v2 
d =  t2
 2 
vt
= 2 2 .........(iv)
2
From (iii) and (iv), we get
v1t1 v2t2
d= =
2 2
2d
v1 =
t1
2d
v2 =
t2
Now,
1
s ut + at 2
=
2
1 2 1 2
=d = a1t a2t
2 1 2 2
2d
a1 = 2
t1
2d
a2 =
t22
(ii)
 Since,
2d 2d
−
v v1 − v2 t1 t2
a= = =
t t2 − t1 t2 − t1
2d ( t2 − t1 )
=
t1t2 ( t2 − t1 )
2d
=
t1t2
2
 2d 
=  
 t1t2 
v 2d 2d
= ×
t t12 t22
= a1 × a2
= v= t a1 × a2
t
= x +3

Squaring on both sides of equation (i), we get

(t – 3) .... ( ii )   
2
x =
= t 2 + 9 – 6t

If v be the velocity of the particle, the

dx d
V
= = ( x)
dt dt
d 2
=
dt
( t − 6t + a )
= 2t − 6

When v = 0, 2t – 6 = 0
Or t = 3 sec. ....(iii) 1

From equations (ii) and (iii), we get

x = 32 + 9 – 6 × 3
= 18 – 18
x = 0.

SECTION E [18 Marks]

Prove the theorem of perpendicular axis.

Ans 25.
According to this theorem, the moment of inertia of a plane lamina
about any axis OZ to the
Plane of the lamina is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia of
the lamina about any two
Mutually perpendicular axes OX and OY in the plane of the
lamina, meeting at a point of the lamina, meeting
at a point where the given axis OX passes through the lamina.
Suppose, the lamina is in XY plane.

Ix = moment of inertia of the lamina about OX

Iy = moment of inertia of the lamina about OY

Iz = moment of inertia of the lamina about OZ

According to this theorem,
Iz = Ix + Iy
Proof : Suppose the lamina consists of n particles of masses m1,
m2,...., mn at ^ distances r1, r2,
r3,...., rn respectively from the axis OZ.
Suppose the corresponding ^ distances of these particles from the
axis OY are x1, x2, x3,...., xn and
from the axis OX are y1, y2, y3, y4,...., yn respectively.

I x = m1 y12 + m2 y22 + .......... + mn yn2

i =n
= ∑ mi yi2 ......... (1)
i =1

I y = m1 x12 + m2 x22 + .......... + mn xn2

i =n
= ∑ mi xi2 ......... ( 2 )
i =1

I z = m1r12 + m2 r22 + .......... + mn rn2

i =n
= ∑ mi ri 2 ......... ( 3)
i =1

Adding eq (1) and ( 2 )

Ix + I y
i =n i =n
= ∑m y + ∑m x
i =1
i
2
i
i =1
2
i i

i =n

∑m ( y
i =1
i
2
i + xi2 )
2
 r=
i yi2 + xi2
i =n

∑ mi ri2
Ix + I y =
i =1

Ix + I y =
Iz

OR
State and prove theorem of parallel axis about moment of inertia.
Sol:
Theorem of parallel axis:- It states that the moment of inertia of a
body about any axis equal to the sum of the moment of inertia of
parallel axis through its center of mass and the product of their
masses and the square of its perpendicular distance between them.
Proof:-
Let us consider a rigid body of mass ‘M’ rotating about an axis
passing through at ‘o’.
Suppose I is the moment of inertia of rigid body about an axis
0

passing through o.
Also, consider another axis parallel through first axis passing
through point c and perpendicular to the plane.
I is the moment of inertia of the body about the second axis.
c

Let oc = b be the distance between two parallel axes

Consider an element having mass ‘dm’ situated at the point p.

Therefore,
I = ∫ op dm
0
2

= ∫ r dm ...... (1)
2

∫ Cp dm
2
∴I = c

= ∫ r dm ( 2 )
0
2

Now, draw PD perpendicular to OC.

So,
2
OP
= OD 2 + PD 2
( h CD ) + PD 2
2
=+
=h 2 + 2hCD + CD 2 + PD 2
h 2 2hCD + CP 2
=+
∴ OP 2 = CP 2 + h 2 + 2hCD
Now, multiply by ‘dm’ in both sides and integrating both sides
2
∫ r dm = ∫ r dm + ∫ h dm + ∫ 2hxdm
2 2
0

⇒ ∫ r dm = ∫ r dm + h ∫ dm + 2h ∫ xdm .... ( 3)
2
0
2 2

Since,
∫ xdm = 0
As the algebraic sum of moments of all particles.
Therefore, for a body in equilibrium
 ∫ dm = M
From eq (1) , ( 2 ) and ( 3)
I=
0 I c + Mn 2

(a) Derive an expression to find specific heat with the help of

calorimeter.
(b) Find the coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Ans 26.

(a) Let,
W = water equivalent of calorimeter and stirrer
t1 = initial temperature of water and calorimeter
m1 = mass of water
m2 = mass of substance
C = specific heat of the substance
t2 = temperature of the substance
Rise in temperature of water and calorimeter = ( t – t ) 1

Fall in temperature of substance = ( t – t ) 2

= ( m + w ) ( t – t ) .... ( i )
Heat gained by water and calorimeter 1 1

Heat lost by the substance= C ⋅ m ( t – t ) .... ( ii )

1 2

If we assume that there is no stray loss of heat, then

Heat lost = Heat gained
Cm2 . ( t2 – t )
=( m1 + W ) ( t – t1 )
( m + W )( t − t1 )
C= 1
m2 ( t2 − t )

(b) Consider a cube of six x and area of each face A. The opposite
faces of the cube are maintained
at temperatures. q1 and q2, where q1 > q2. Heat yets conducted in
the direction of the fall of
Temperature.
Q∝ A
Q ∝ (θ1 − θ 2 )
Q∝t
 1 A (θ1 − θ 2 )
Q∝ ∝
x x
KA (θ1 − θ 2 )
Q=
x
Here K is a constant called the coefficient of thermal conductivity
of the material of the cube and
t stands for time interval.
We can also write as
 ∆θ 
H = KA 
 ∆x 
Where H = Heat flow per second

∆θ
= Heat current
∆x

T = θ , temperature
A = 1 m 2 (θ1 – θ 2 ) = 1°C
t= 1s
x = 1 cm
Then
θ = K.

Or
Find relation for temperature gradient.
Ans:
A temperature gradient is a physical quantity that describes in
which direction and at what rate the temperature changes the most
rapidly around a particular location. It is the dimensional quantity
express in unit in degrees per unit length.

Suppose K1 and K2 be the coefficient of thermal conductivity and

Show the expression for heat flow through the compound wall.
Ans:
Let us take a compound wall made of two materials A and B of
thickness d1 and d2
And θ and θ is the temperature of end faces (θ − θ )
1 2 1

Therefore,
For material A,
K1 A1 (θ1 − θ )
Q1 = ..............(i )
d1
For material B
K 2 A2 (θ1 − θ )
Q2 = ...............(ii )
d2
From eq(i) and (ii)
K1 A1 (θ1 − θ ) K 2 A2 (θ1 − θ )
=
d1 d2
K1θ1 K 2θ 2
+
d1 d2
=
K1 K 2
+
d1 d 2
Now, subtracting the value of θ in eq(i)
A (θ1 − θ )
θ=
d1 d 2
+
K1 K 2