TECHNICAL REPORT SUMMITTED

BY

UGBOH AZUKA BRIGHT

TO

THE COUNCIL FOR REGULATION OF

EENGINEERING IN NIGERIA

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
This report is presented to cover experience gained from the year of graduation to date.
1. Electrical installation of a storey building in opposite victory park, Sapa London
Lekki, Lagos in 2020 under Iyes Energy Electromechanical Company Limited.
2. Design and wiring of a 5 bedroom bungalow in Warri South L.G.A. of Delta
State.
3. Design and Installation of a 5KVA Inverter in Ikom L.G.A., at 8 mile behind
Magistrate Court, Calabar, Cross River State.
4. Design and Installation of a 7.5KVA Inverter at Favour High Estate in Lekki,
Lagos State.
5. Design Consideration and maintenance of Streets Lighting within Orogodo
Metropolis (Boji-Boji, Agbor), Delta State. Under Iyes Energy
Electromechanical Company Limited.

The basic aspect of electrical engineer is to design interpret, implement, supervise and
installation of building, machine installation, generation of power and safety of
personnel, safety of equipment and machines and environmental safety. The essence of
electrical power system is to generate, transmit and distribute networks to meet the
electrical energy need of the final consumers and to build the nation’s economy. In
electrical design and installation system, certain rules and regulations need to be taken
in order to protect the personnel, client, machine and building from electrical hazards.
Some of these regulations by the engineers are as follows;
i. Proper earthing is to be installed.
ii. Sizes of wires are to be put into consideration
iii. Experienced electricians and engineers should be on site.
iv. Distribution board are to be well sectioned, marking with phase rule wire
with RYB colour and use of accurate ELCMB, MCB and MMCB, etc.
v. Electrical loads are to be designed and calculated by design engineer.

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 Taking one of the projects into consideration, the installation of 7.5 kva inverter
used to power DC air conditioner, lighting, television set, kitchen utilities, and
washing machine, and pumping machine.

1.1 Fundamentals of lighting

1.1.1 Nature of Light
The speed wave of light is 3 x10 8 ms-1 at a definite wavelength. Light
illumination is very essential when an engineer is doing BOQ (budget of
quality) when considering fittings. Light are of different forms (split light, sport
light, florescence light, security light, wall light, etc.). to know the number of
light to install either in the sitting room, living room, visitors room, measuring
room, reading room in a particular house. Illumination formulation is to be
considered.

E=

1.1.2 Lighting units and law

In the fundamental units and law of illuminations, some terms is required in
order to ascertain the number of lighting necessary for a particular house.
i. Luminous intensity (I):
This is the illumination power of light source in a given direction
measured in candela.
ii. Luminous flux (f):
This is the measure of the rate of light emitted from the light source. The
unit is Lumens.
iii. Illuminance (E):
This is any point on a surface in the flux per unit area of that point. The
unit is 1m/m2.
iv. Coefficient of utilization (Uf):
This is the portion of the light emitted by the lamb reaching the working
surface and expressed as a number called utilization factor. It is normally
lower than unity.
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 Uf =

v. Inverse square law:

This shows the relationship between intensity and the distance source
and illuminated surface. It is stated in general terms as

E=

where;
E = Illuminance (flux),
I = Intensity of source (Id),
D = Distance between source and surface to be
illuminated.

vi. Maintenance Factor (Mf):

This is the factor that allows for the losses incurred by dust and dirt on
the fittings, deterioration of reflecting wall and ceiling. Maintenance
factor has a value of 0.8 but this will have to be reduced for dusty and
dirty atmosphere.

Mf =

vii. Room index (k):

It is given by the relations K =

Where,
K = Room index,
L = Length of room,
W = width of room,
Hm = Height of luminaire from working plane.
viii. Spacing of luminaires to mounting Height Ratio (SHR): The SHR is used
to determine the layout of the luminance added for uniform illumination

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over a specific area. It is a ratio that is often employed in conjunction
with the lumen lighting design system.

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 CHAPTER TWO
2.0 7.5 Kva Solar Power Installation
Due to Nigerian grid failure, many individuals and establishments are
switching over to solar power generation in order to cut down fuel
consumption, reduce noise pollution and power outage.

2.1 7.5 KVA Pure Sound Wave Installation

2.2.1 This inverter is a transformer pure sound wave inverter with 120mppt charge
controller, 8 x 220AH was used as shown in figure 2.2.1 below its panel are
connected in series and parallel.

Fig. 2.1.1 (diagram)

2.1.2 Solar Panel

The solar panel PV system works through these principles;
i. Solar panels are mounted on the roof.
ii. 400watt panels with 72 cells, each was used to convert the sun energy
for the battery charging.
iii. 120mppt felicity charge controller was used to regulate the power
generated from the sun as shown in Figure 2.1.2.
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 One solar panel has 400 watt rating and 39.6V. Therefore, a 7.5kva
inverter and 8 x 220 Ah batteries, 14 panels are required in which 2 of
the panels are connected in series each in 12 pieces and the last two of
these panels which makes it 14 pieces are connected in parallel.
1 panel = 400 watt,
for a solar module,
14 panels = 14 X 400 = 5,600 watt.

2.1.3 Backup Batteries

The total battery installed was eight (8) which is 12V each, bank together in
series and parallel to give 48 V, the felicity inverter was 48v.
Each string was 12V in which four (4) are connected in series i.e
12v+12v+12v+12 = 48v. The other four (4) batteries were connected in
parallel to give current as shown in figure 2.2.3.

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2.1.4 System Operation
The system is ensured of converting DC to power supply to give 220V AC
supply from the inverter output unit.
Stage 1: Solar energy from solar PV panels.
Stage 2: Controller controls the power generated.
Stage 3: Inverter convert the DC to AC to give 220V to power the load.
Stage4: Reversed charging from the grid to charge the battery.
Stage5: Protection of the equipments using DC, MCB, Surge protection
and correct earthing of the machine.
The 7.5kva was installed to;
i. Power security light
ii. Power pumping machine
iii. Power television set
iv. Power kitchen Utility and other gadgets such as refrigerator, microwave,
washing machine.
v. Power lighting.

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 Problems encountered and Solutions:
Controller-inverter errors are due to improper connection of battery and
inverter. This was surmounted by proper checking and disconnecting the parts
that was not properly connected.

2.2 Bill for Engineering Measurement and Evaluation:

S/N PRODUCTS RATES AMPERE QUALITY PRICE AMOUNT
1 Inverter 7.5kva 1 750,000 750,000
2 controller 120mppt 1 230,000 230,000
3 Battery 220Ah 8 200,000 1,600,000
4 Solar panel 400w 14 110,000 1,540,000
5 Rack 60,000
6 Armor cables 16mm 110,000
7 Accessories 140,000
8 Transportation 100,000
9 Workmanship 150,000
4,680,000

Lithium/felicity 15 kilo watt 1 5,650,000

bars battery

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 CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN AND WIRING OF 5 BEDROOM BUNGALOW
3.1 PROJECT LOCATION:
The project is a 5 bedroom bungalow located in Warri South L.G.A.
Warri, Delta State.
According to electrical engineer (power and machine) engineering society
photometry data table, the design for residential apartment (Room) is 150 Lux,
utilization factor is 0.8 and maintenance factor is 0.9 and luminance flux for
low energy is 660lumen.
Fitting Calculation:
Sitting room:
Length (L) = 6000mm = 6m
Width (W) = 5000mm = 5m

Number of fitness =

Area of working surface (m2)

E = illuminance (Lux)
uF = co-efficient of utilization
Mf = maintenance factor
 = illumination flux
I = illumination flux
A = L X W = 6 X 5 = 30m
F = 150 Lux
 = 660 Lum for low energy bulbs
Mf = 0.9 – 0.96
Uf = 0.8 – 0.85

Number of fittings =

= = 8.8

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Hence number of sports and split light for the sitting room should be 8
lights to 10 lights due to client desire.
Master bedroom:
Length (L) = 4,500mm = 4.5m
Width (W) = 3,500 = 3.5m

Number of fittings =

= = 5 Lights.

Master bedroom sport and split light should be range of 4-6 bulbs.
Normal room:
Length (L) = 3.8m
Width (W) = 3.8m

Number of fittings =

= = 4.5 bulbs.

Same with rooms 3, 4 and 5

* Visitor room
Length (L) = 4m
Width (W) = 3m

Number of light =

= 4 lights
* LOBBY (L)
Length (L) = 3m
Width (W) = 2.8m

Number of fitting =

= = 3 lights

Some with Lobby 2

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Security light
Length (L) = 20m
Width (W) = 15m

Number of fitting =

Kitchen
Length (L) = 4m
Width (W) = 3m

Number of fitting =

= 4 bulbs
Store Room
Length (L) = 2.5m
Width (W) = 1.8m

Number of fitting =

= 1bulbs
Master bedroom toilet
Length (L) = 1.8m
Width (W) = 1.6m

Number of fitting =

= 0.9
1 bulb

Veranda = 2 bulbs
Load Calculation
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 * TPN Distribution Board f – 1
Cable sizing from BEDC to distribution board
P = VI sin 

3.2 TPN Distribution Board

Sitting Room
9 No of low energy bulb 15Watts each
 15w x 9 = 135w
1 No of fan 60w  60x 1 = 60w
2 No of Air-condition 150w  150 x 2 = 399w
1 No of TV set 200w  200 x 1 = 200w
675w

Room 1
Master bedroom
5 No of low energy bulb 15 watts each  15 x 5 = 75w
1 Industrial fan 60watts  60 x 1 = 60w
1 Air-condition 75 watts  75 x 1 = 75w
Television set 100watts  100 x 1 = 100w
360w

Room 2
5 No of energy bulb 15 watts each  15 x 5 = 75w
1 Industrial fan 60watts  60 x 1 = 60w
1 Air-condition 75 watts  75 x 1 = 75w
210w

Same for;
Room 3 210w
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Room 4 210w

Visitors Room
3 No of bulb 150  150 x 3 = 45w
1 No of fan 60w  6 x 10 = 60w
1 No of Air-condition 75w  75 x 1 = 75w
180w

2 Lobby 6 x 15w = 90w

Security light 20w each  95 x 20 = 1,900w

Sitting Room Sockets

3 No a 15A socket outlet 200w = 3 x 200 = 600w
4 No a 13A socket outlet 150 watts each = 4 x 150 = 600w

Room 1
4 No a 13A socket outlet 150 watts each = 6.00w

Room 2
3 No a 13A socket outlet 150 watts each = 3 x 150 = 450w

Room 3
3 No a 13A socket outlet 130 watts each = 3 x 150 = 450w

Visitors Room
5 No of 13A socket outlet 200w each = 3 x 200 = 600w

Kitchen
5 No of 15A socket outlet 3 x 200 = 600w
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6 No of 13A socket outlet 6 x 150 = 900w
3 No of 15A socket outlet for heater, ring boiler,
electric heater each 2500w = 7,500w

Total load on TPN distribution Board

Master bedroom 360w
Room 1 210w
Room 2 210w
Room 3 210w
Room 4 210w
Visitors Room 180w
2 Lobby 90w
Kitchen 60w
Veranda 30w
Sitting room 695w
Security 900w
Sitting room socket 1200w
Room 1 socket 600w
Room 2 socket 450w
Room 3 socket 450w
Visitor room 750w
Kitchen socket 9000w
Total 13,325w

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3.3 Main Control Rating
Total power rating of fitting and accessories,
* Board 3- system time voltage 415V
But each line is 120V
Power factor 0.9
P= V1 sin 
P = Total load
V = Voltage
I = Current

I= = 20.6A

The cable sizing from BDEC pole should be 25mm armoured cable

3.3.4 Proper Control Circuit Rating

= 1 x 35% of the ampere
= 20.6 = (20.6x 0.35) = 77.85

The rating of TPN fuse switch, ELCB of 3 poles should be 63Amp

The changeover of the power and the generator = 63amp

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3.4 Load Schedule

3.5 Problem Encountered and solution

1. Some of the materials for the work were found to be faulty from the
manufacturer. These faulty materials are separated from the good ones
and there were sent back.
2. The time given to deliver the job was so small for that, there was much
pressure. This was overcome by the number of workers and the workers
were made to work over-time.
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3.6 Bill for Engineering measurement and Evaluation

S/N Description Quantity Unit Rate Amount

(N)
A Switch gear
1 60A TPN 4 – pole change 1 20,000 20,000
over switch (MEM)
2 60A TPN fused switch 1 10,000 10,000
(MEM) 1
3 60A TPN ELCB (MEM) 1 2,500 2,500
4 6-way (3-0) 60A (MEM) 1 3,000 3,000
5 Cut-out fuse (Philips) 5 300 3,000
6 Neutral link (Philips) 1 300 300
37,300
B Fittings
1 Bowl fitting lamp thorn 9 800 72,000
2 Low energy bulbs 65 400 2,600
3 Ceiling fan and regulator 6 12,000 72,000
4 15A Socket (ABB) 9 2,500 22,500
5 13A socket (single) 20 2,000 40,000
(ABB)
6 13A socket (TBN) 9 2,000 18,000
7 1-way, 1-switch (ABB) 15 400 6,000
8 2-way, 1-gang switch 8 500 4,000
(ABB)
195,700
C Cables (Nigerian Cable)
1 1.5mm2 PVC single 5 C 4,200 21,000
copper (red) oi
l
2 1.5m2 single core copper 4 C 4,200 16,800
(black) oi
l
3 1.5m2 single core copper 4 C 4,200 16,800
(red) oi
l
4 2.5m2 single core copper 4 C 4,200 16,800
(black) oi
l
5 2.5m2 PVC single core 4 C 4,200 16,800
copper (green) oi
l
6 4.0mm2 PVC single core 1 C 6,000 6,000
copper (red) oi
l
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7 4.0mm2 PVC single core 1 C 6,000 6,000
copper (black) oi
l
8 4.0mm2 PVC single core 1 C 6,000 6,000
copper (green) oi
l
9 2.5mm2 PVC/SWA/ PVC 40 M 730 29,200
4 – core armored
10 10.0mm PVC/SWA/ 35 M 2,250 78,750
PVC 4 –core armored
11 Bimetallic line tap 3 460 1,350
N215,500
D Concealed Materials
1 25mm2 PVC pipe 50 1,200 60,000
2 20mm2 PVC pipe 70 P 1000 70,000
K
T
3 25mm2 PVC pipe coupler 1 P 2,000 2,000
K
T
4 20mm2 PVC pipe coupler 1 P 3,000 3,000
K
T
5 25mm2 PVC male/ 1 P 4,000 4,000
female bush K
T
6 PVC adhensive 5 700 35,000
7 Knock-out box (3x6) 25 120 3,000
8 T-Box 15 100 1,500
9 U-Box 15 80 1,200
10 Y-Box 15 80 1,200
11 25mm2 PVC male/ 1 300 300
female bush single
147,100
E
1 Earthing system for the
installation
2 Lightening arrester 25,000
system comparising

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Summary of Schedule
Schedule A 37,300
Schedule B 195,700
Schedule C 215,500
Schedule D 147,100
Schedule E 25,000
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Transportation 100,000
Workmanship 400,000
Accessories 120,000
Total 1,240,600

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 CHAPTER 4
DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF 5KVA INVERTER
4.0 Project location
The project is the installation of 5KVA inverter located in Ikom L.G.A. at 8
mile behind magistrate court Calabar, Cross River State.

The block diagram of the 5KVA solar system for powering the appliances in
the house and also for security light is shown at each of the block segments are
presented and explained.

4.1 Block Diagram of the System

Solar Panel

Charge DC/AC
Conductor Battery Inverted Load
Charger

Fig. 3.1 Solar system block diagram

Design Specification
Rating of Individual Lamp = 2000
Number of lamp  30 = 30 x 200 = 600
Number of fridge 1 = 200w
Kitchen utility = 859w
T.V. Set = 200w
Socket = 1050w
Washing machine = 550w
Total load = 3450w

Load current =

I = = 71.9A

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4.2 Solar Panel Sizing
Accurately sizing the components of the solar electric system was important,
this sizing helps to ensure the system produces the right amount of power that
was required.

Solar panels are classified according to their rated power output in watts. This
rating is the amount of power solar panel would be expected to produce in one
peak sun hour per day. The solar panel could be wired in series or in parallel
to increase voltage of current respectively. The rated voltage of a 36.6v solar
panel was usually 38.6v.

4.2.1 Sizing of Solar PV Array

Solar Panels is as shown below:
Peak current produced by module =

= 8.33A

Total number of module required =

= = 9.6

= 10 panels

4.3 Sizing of the Inverter

Since the peak possible power used 3450w, it will thus be logical to use a
5KVA inverter because thee inverter will always be bigger than the maximum
peak power.

4.3.1 The inverter unit

The only input to the inverter subsystem is from the battery. The batteries are
being charged from the PV panels and reverse charging system.

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 In this project, the major concern as regards the design of the inverter system
was as follows:
 Safety – because we are dealing with high currents, many safety
concerns needed to be accounted for.
 Pure sound wave forms, pure modified sine waves, square waves
 Power output needs to handle at least 60w.

4.4 Test and Results

The solar panel was set placed under the sun at 450 East, there the peak sun
irradiation was on the panel surfaces and then at 48volts was observed using
digital multimeter.

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 The output from the solar panels was connected to the charge controller with
respect to observed, it the read 64.5volts and 53.4A which was enough for
charging the battery. Also, there was an indicator on the charge controller that
showed when the battery was full by showing green light and the other LED
showed red when load was connected to the system. The controller is being
mounted regulate when the peak sun is high or low.

4.5 Problems encountered and Solutions

i. Difficulty on passing of DC cable to the controller because of flight roof
and there was no conduit piping for the cable. This was resolved by
looking for a competent capable to remove the roof.
ii. Distribution board segregation: Most DB in Nigeria are mail DB
alone. In a developed countries like UK, USA, UAE, etc, SMA DB (sub
main distributing board) where solar cable, HAVC, VFR, heater pump,
etc, have their feeding point from the sub main DB. In Nigeria most
residence distributing board are feed directly from the grid. This
problem of distribution board separation was resolved by separating the
solar power from the grid using manual change over or automatic
charge over to avoid short circuit or two feeder, feeding the board at the
same time.

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4.5 Bill for Engineering measuring and evaluation.

S/N Products Rates Ampere Quantity Unit Amount

1 Inverter 5KVA 1 @500,000 500,000
2 Controller 100mppt 1 @200,000 200,000
3 Battery 220AH 4 200,000 800,000
4 Solar Panel 400W 10 110,000 1,100,000
5 Rack 40,000
6 Armour cable 10mm 100,000
7 Accessories 120,000
8 Transportation 100,000
9 Workmanship 150,000
3,130,000

Lithum/felicity Battery 10ki/0watt 3,660,000

baz

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 CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary
The use of sun’s energy is nothing new and dates back to the beginning of
time. In recent years, however, the focus on energy consumption worldwide is
rapidly spurred growth in a research and development of ‘green’ alternative
fuel source today because of insufficient lighting and security, the use of solar
energy to back up the grid supply to ensure stable energy supply is expanding
by leaps and bounds especially since sun light is free, unlimited, readily
available, clean and reliable.

This report indicate that as an engineer, I must be appropriately trained in all

the subject required to ensure that every aspect of natural resources including
the sun are properly harnessed to improve the nation’s economy.

5.1 Conclusion
In the execution of any engineering project, creativity, technical ability
communications, good management at all levels are essential for the success of
the project itself. Hence, all stakeholders must see each other as an integral
entity with one goal of actualizing the project. Though there is no simple
process or procedure to producing a well-designed job in engineering, best
practice is always the standard and must be adhered to.

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