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Experiments

This document outlines the schedule, experiments, and key details for the ME321A Advanced Mechanics of Solids laboratory course. The laboratory will meet Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday from 2-5pm in the ME UG Lab. The six experiments will involve topics like measuring stresses in a cantilever beam, strain and deflection of a portal frame, determining shear modulus, and using techniques like photoelasticity and digital image correlation. Relevant videos and contact information for the instructor and TAs are also provided.

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Bakkashreya Sri
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19 views22 pages

Experiments

This document outlines the schedule, experiments, and key details for the ME321A Advanced Mechanics of Solids laboratory course. The laboratory will meet Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday from 2-5pm in the ME UG Lab. The six experiments will involve topics like measuring stresses in a cantilever beam, strain and deflection of a portal frame, determining shear modulus, and using techniques like photoelasticity and digital image correlation. Relevant videos and contact information for the instructor and TAs are also provided.

Uploaded by

Bakkashreya Sri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME321A

Advanced Mechanics of Solids


Manjesh K. Singh
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Office: Northern Lab Extension, (just below UG Lab)
Email: [email protected]
Ph: +91-512-2592108
Schedule and Venue

Laboratory
Time: Mon, Tue and Thu; 14:00 –17:00
Venue: ME UG Lab
Laboratory
• 6 experiments
• Each sub-group has to submit a lab-report within 1 week of
completion of experiment.
• Lab groups will be made in a day or two and shared.
Experiments
Exp#1 Mounting a strain gage and measuring the stresses in a cantilever beam
Measurement of strain and deflection of a portal frame and comparison with
Exp#2
theoretical calculations
Exp#3 Measurement of shear modulus
Measurement of stresses due to combined bending and torsion using strain gages in
Exp#4
different bridge configuration
Exp#5 Stress analysis using photoelasticity

Exp#6 Digital image correlation for determination of strain fields


TAs

Divyansh Sagar ([email protected])


Ritam Borah ([email protected])
Prasad Chavan ([email protected])
Gnanendra Channamsetty ([email protected])
Hari Charan ([email protected])
Manoj Maurya ([email protected])
Why do experiments?

• Simplifying assumptions are usually made in analysis


• Boundary conditions cannot be satisfied exactly: Solution not
valid near such regions
• The physics of the problem is too complex
An example
• The I beam is connected to a column with
a bolted joint
• Beam theory provide simple and elegant
solution for the stresses in the beam
• Are these valid near the bolted joint?
• What will be the boundary condition at
the joint-Pinned or clamped?
• How to calculate the beam deflection? Engineering approach
• How to account for the effect of friction? Use appropriate factor of
• How to account for stress concentration? safety in design
Hybrid approach: Bolted joint
• In the absence of proper boundary conditions, even FEA cannot
provide accurate stresses and displacement
• Same problems exist when using brackets
• In some cases the load transfer itself is not clear
• One solution
ØMake measurements at selected critical points
ØCompare with the results from simulation
ØAdjust the boundary conditions (both support and load) to match
the two results
• An experimental technique that can give reliable data is needed
• Need to know the basic principle of the technique, it’s limitations and
artifacts
Hybrid approach: Bracket problem

Initial nodal loading Actual nodal loading

• Photoelastic coating method was employed to measure the


surface shear strain under the actual load.
• The loading and boundary conditions of the FE model was then
adjusted to minimize the error between the experimental and FEA
strains.
Experimental Techniques
• Experimental techniques can be broadly classified into two categories
ØLocalized measurements – Measures the local value of the
quantity of interest (strain or displacement) at selected point strain
gages, displacement gages etc.
ØFull field techniques – Provides information of the quantity of
interest at all points in the area of interest
• Full field measurements are made mostly through optical techniques
ØPhotoelasticity – Measures 𝜎! − 𝜎" or 𝜖! − 𝜖"
ØMoiré interferometry – Measures displacements (u or v)
ØDigital Image Correlation – Measures displacement (u & v)
ØElectronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (u & v)
Different Techniques
Experiment#1: Stresses in a cantilever beam
Experiment#1: Stresses in a cantilever beam
• Where should we measure the thickness of the beam?
• Is accurate measurement of thickness important?
• Bonding of strain gauge to the beam should be perfect. Why so?
• Does the beam deform plastically?
• Justify that some designs are deflection-constrained.
• Can geometrical non-linearity be accounted for in our theoretical model? Will
the resulting differential equations be non-linear?
• What is the current level in strain gauge if voltage applied to bridge is 9 V?
What happens if voltage is considerably higher? What is the maximum allowed
current in a strain gauge? Is heat sink important?
• Dead weights of the beam and the pan were not considered. Does it introduce
error?
Experiment#2: Strain and deflection of a portal frame
• Why do strains differ in nature (compressive and tensile) at S1 and S2?
Provide physical interpretation?
• Besides three equilibrium equations, how do we develop three additional
equations?
• Why should we measure thickness of flat accurately?
• Accurate thickness should be determined close to locations of strain
gauges. Why so?
• What are various ways to make the frame stiffer?
• Justify how partial differentiation of total strain energy with respect to an
internal force (generalized) is zero.
Experiment#2: Strain and deflection of a portal frame
Experiment#3: Measurement of Shear modulus
∆" ∆"
• In the report you should include table of P and ,
plot of stress versus
# #
and relevant calculation for getting the shear modulus.
Experiment#4: Stresses due to combined bending and
torsion using strain gauges in different bridge configuration.
Experiment#4: Stresses due to combined bending and
torsion using strain gauges in different bridge configuration.
• How to measure stress at a point using a rosette strain gauge and quarter
bridge?
• How to measure stress developed by a bending moment using half bridge?
• How to measure stress developed by a torque in a tube (or round) using
full bridge?
• To learn that superposition works for linear elastic materials.
Experiment#5: Stress analysis using photoelasticity
• Determination of material fringe value of a photoelastic birefringement
material using a circular disc.
• To find principal directions at a marked point on the disc. Clearly show
principal direction through a sketch.
• Determination of stress distribution over the depth of a beam under four
point bending.
• To study stress concentration through photoelastic fringes around a fillet
through several polyurethene rubber models.
Experiment#5: Stress analysis using photoelasticity
Experiment#6: Digital Image Correlation
Important Videos

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M2HkwAuOTMw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGLoplkXshc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZNigw5VpCM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VDS5fJDAMsE&t=370s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1wcI2tGpUCg
Thanks to. Prof. P. Venkitanarayanan

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