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called déjà vu and according to the experts it’s not something new but has been happening to
people for hundreds of years.
So, what explanations are there for this strange feeling that is both confusing and
uncomfortable? Some scientists think that it is related to dreams and memory. It appears that
although the majority of us cannot recall our dreams, we actually store the memory of dreams
in our long-term memory. This deep memory can come back sometimes when we are in a
similar situation and makes us think that we have done this before.
However, as usual, not all experts agree. Those who believe in reincarnation - the idea that
we have all lived before - say that these feelings are fragments of memories from previous
lives. But, whatever the reason for déjà vu, one thing it shows is how complicated and
amazing our brains are and that we are a long way from understanding completely how the
brain, and in particular, how our memories work.
1. Déjà vu is the feeling that something familiar is unfamiliar. __________
2. People have been experiencing déjà vu for the last hundred years. __________
3. Some people think that déjà vu is related to dreams we can’t remember. __________
4. Some people think that this is not our first or only life. __________
5. Soon we will understand how our brains work. __________

UNIT 2: Adventure
2A. Vocabulary
• Landscapes: features and adjectives
I. Complete the sentences with the below.
cliffs waterfalls lake mountains hill
valley cave shores forest desert
1. She was standing at the mouth of the __________, and heard a noise coming from inside.
2. The birds breed mainly on sea __________ and in sea caves.
3. They enjoyed the beautiful views of snow-capped __________
4. Very little can grow in this arid __________.
5. We were on a ridge above a green __________, with the mountains beyond it.
6. She could see __________ falling down some of the mountain sides.
7. The area we passed through was once thick __________.
8. They can go fishing in the __________.
9. Wearing a pair of trainers, he walked up the steep __________ with the energy of a young
mountain climber.
10. The fish is commonly found off the __________ of Australia.
• Adjectives to describe adventure
II. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1. We looked down in the dark / steep / wide valley below.
2. The paths are often very narrow / shallow / rocky so strong boots are advisable.
3. The swimming pool has a deep end and a steep / shallow / wide end for kids.
4. It was a dark / deep / shallow night with clouds covering the moon.
5. His shoes and clothing were wet and deep / icy / wide cold.
6. The sun was dark / wide / low in the sky now, and the sunset is coming soon.
7. We’ll take the boat out into deep / shallow / steep water where we can dive.
8. She climbed through a narrow / deep / shallow gap in the fence.

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9. The cat was hiding in the wide / narrow / tall grass in the backyard.
10. She stood at the top of the low / steep / tall path leading to the beach.
• Prepositions of movement and position
III. Choose the correct words.
1. Drive at / through / over the gate and you’ll see the main road.
2. He turned in / Ø / up left.
3. Turn in / to / onto Winston Road.
4. She was walking at / straight / along Queen Street.
5. Go past / on / after the supermarket.
6. Just follow / along / across the lane towards the cafe and you’ll see the post office.
IV. Choose the correct words.
1. We walked behind / through / beside the forest in the snow - it was very beautiful.
2. We didn’t go inside / under / behind the cave because it was very dark.
3. It was difficult to climb up / down / under the steep hill, but David got to the bottom.
4. I dived inside / across / under the water to see the colourful fish.
5. The bridge goes through / across / along the deep river.
6. I walked across / along / through the door and saw all the people inside.
7. We sailed across / down / under the Golden Gate Bridge.
8. We followed the path along / beside / through the shore for several miles.
9. Ann came up and sat beside / under / across me.
10. It’s very hot, so let’s sit over there down / under / behind those trees.
V. Complete the text with suitable prepositions.
Space: the Ultimate Frontier
Virgin Galactic is on the point of making space travel available to every man and
woman on the street. Passengers will spend three days preparing for the trip before they
set 1 __________. After this training period, they will go to the purpose-built Mojave
Spaceport in the Californian desert to check 2__________ for their flight. Here they
get3 __________ the spacecraft. A specially designed jet carrier aircraft will carry them
through the atmosphere, and then the spacecraft will be launched into space. Here passengers
will take 4 __________ their seatbelts and enjoy the experience of zero gravity. They will
look 5 __________ of the window and see the Earth as they have never seen it before. Later
they will go 6 __________ to their seats which will now be in reclining position, and they will
return to the spaceport lying 7 __________. After the spacecraft touches 8_________, the
passengers will get 9__________ and make their way to the celebration dinner awaiting them.
When they check 10__________ of the complex the next day, they will have an unforgettable
memory of their days at Mojave, which they will be talking about for days to come.
• Extreme adjectives
VI. Match the pair of adjectives with similar meanings. Which ones are more extreme?
Complete the chart.
astonished bad big brilliant clever
delighted enormous good happy important
scared small surprised terrible terrific
tiny vital
adjective extreme adjective
VII. Choose the correct answers.
1. That’s a terrified / terrific result. Well done!
2. My uncle was terrified / astonished that it was so easy to learn how to use the computer.
3. It’s vital / delighted to employ someone to improve our computer security.
4. I’m brilliant / delighted that the police have found our bicycle.
5. Some bank robbers are vital / brilliant people. They have very clever plans.

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VIII. Replace the simple adjectives in brackets with extreme adjectives. The first letter
of each extreme adjective has been given.
1. What we could see from the top of the mountain was a __________. (very surprising)
2. The place where we stayed when we were hiking was f __________. (very dirty)
3. The safety helmet doesn’t fit me - it’s t __________. (very small)
4. Doing a bungee jump was t __________. (very frightening)
5. The brown bear that was walking towards us looked e __________. (very big)
6. The hill we had to climb looked h __________. (very big)
7. The countryside we were walking through was s __________. (very beautiful)
8. After completing the marathon, he was e __________. (very tired)
• Sports equipment
IX. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases below.
rope boots safety harness paddles
rucksack dinghy poles life jacket
1. Don’t worry about falling off the climbing wall - you’ll be wearing a __________
2. If you go out to sea on a boat, it’s a good idea to wear a __________.
3. When I went out to the sea with my friends, I dropped my hat over the side of the
__________.
4. If you go hiking in the countryside, take a __________ so that you can carry things in it.
5. When I’m walking on rocky ground, my __________ stop me from falling over.
6. In the mountains you’ll need some strong walking __________.
7. When I went kayaking, I broke my __________ and had to use my hands to get to the edge
of the river.
8. They tied a __________ around my waist and pulled me up.
• Outdoor activities
X. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases below.
paintballing kite surfing abseiling orienteering
jet-skiing mountain biking quad biking rock climbing
1. I don’t really like __________ because it’s dangerous and too noisy.
2. __________ is a good sport to do if you like looking at maps.
3. In __________ you shoot small container of paint at people.
4. In __________ lessons, I tried to hold on to a rope which is fastened to the top of the slope
and went down a very steep slope.
5. He has a lot of courage and a sense of adventure, so he enjoys __________ and other
mountain activities.
6. His father bought him a motorbike with four large wheels so that he could rode in
__________.
7. He enjoys flying a kite and he also likes surfing, so the best option for him is
____________.
8. Peter bought a bicycle with thick tyres and a lot of gears so he could rode on hills and
rough ground in a race of __________.
2B. Grammar
• Past continuous
I. Complete the sentences with the past continuous form of the verbs below.
look do wait not listen watch
1. Which programme __________ you __________ on TV?
2. __________ you __________ for us? I’m sorry we’re late.
3. They didn’t see the thief. They __________ in the shop window.
4. Could you repeat that, please? I __________.
5. __________ he __________ his homework in the library at that time?

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II. Complete the text with the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
At 8.00 p.m., we arrived at Mike’s party. Mike 1 __________ (stand) in the kitchen.
He2 __________ (eat) a pizza. We said hello, but he 3 __________ (not listen). Sue and
Jane 4 __________ (dance) in the hall. Maria 5 __________ (sit) on the stairs.
She 6 __________ (hold) her head in her hands. Her shoulders 7 __________ (shake) but
she 8 __________ (not cry). She 9 __________ (laugh)!
III. Complete the dialogue with the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
Policeman What1 __________ (you / do) at 8 o’clock yesterday evening?
Man I2 __________ (watch) TV.
Policeman Really? What3 __________ (you / watch)?
Man A film.
Policeman What was it called?
Man Well, I can’t remember. I4 __________ (not pay) attention.
Policeman I see. And why is your jacket wet?
5
Man I __________ (wear) it this morning when I went out.
Policeman But it6 __________ (not rain) this morning!
• Contrast: past simple and past continuous
IV. Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. I __________ (meet) a friend while I __________ (walk) to school yesterday.
2. She __________ (finish) her lunch and __________ (leave) the cafe.
3. I __________ (not see) that goal because I __________ (not look).
4. I __________ (open) the curtains and __________ (look) outside; it __________ (not rain)
but the sky was grey.
5. He __________ (not hear) the phone because he __________ (listen) to his DVD player.
6. She __________ (get up) and __________ (have) a shower.
. Choose the correct tense: past simple or past continuous.
Last winter, Paul 1had / was having a nasty accident while he 2skied / was skiing. He
was with his friend Joe. It was a beautiful morning. The sun 3shone / was shining and lots of
people 4skied / were skiing. Suddenly, Joe 5lost / was losing control as he was going round a
comer and 6crashed / was crashing into Paul. Paul 7fell / was falling and broke his leg. An
ambulance 8arrived / was arriving and 9 took / was taking him to hospital. Paul was in
hospital for two weeks.
VI. Complete the sentences. Use did, didn’t, was, wasn’t, were or weren’t.
1. ‘How many goals ________ he score?’ - ‘He ________ score any goals. He ________
playing.’
2. ‘ __________ you playing table tennis when he arrived?’ - ‘No, we_________.'
3. ‘ __________ he ring while she __________ doing her homework?’ - ‘Yes, he
__________.’
4. ‘ __________ she win the race?’ - ‘Yes, she __________.’
5. What __________ you do when you got home?
6. ‘ __________ you watch the match while you __________ having dinner?’ - ‘No, we
__________.’
VII. Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. Everyone was chatting when the teacher __________ (come) in.
2. I cooked dinner while they __________ (watch) the football match on TV.
3. We didn’t play football this morning because it __________ (rain).
4. When we arrived at the canteen, Nick __________ (wait) for us outside.
5. While we were coming home, we __________ (see) an accident.

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VIII. Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs
below.
wait chat cook pass arrive
1. He __________ the ball to Phong and then ran down the ground.
2. When I __________ home, my mum was cooking dinner.
3. While I __________ to my sister, the phone rang.
4. I __________ for you in the park when it started to rain.
5. He __________ dinner while I was watching TV.
IX. Complete the sentences. Use the past simple or past continuous of the verbs in
brackets.
Last year, Nick and his dad 1 __________ (visit) the USA. While they 2 __________
(stay) in Los Angeles, they 3 __________ (go) to a basketball game between the Los Angeles
Lakers and the Chicago Bulls. The atmosphere inside the stadium 4 __________ (be) really
exciting. Thousands of spectators 5__________ (cheer). The Los Angeles
Lakers 6 __________ (score) 30 points in the last 10 minutes, but they 7 __________ (not
win). After the game, one of the players 8 __________ (throw) the ball into the crowd and a
man in front of them 9 __________ (catch) it. While they 10 __________ (leave) the stadium,
the man 11 __________ (give) them the ball and 12 __________ (say): ‘Here’s a souvenir!’
2C. Word Skills
• Word building: Related verbs and nouns
I. Complete the sentences with nouns from the verbs in brackets.
1. The lights went out but our eyes quickly got used to the __________. (dark)
2. It’s important that young people leave school with good qualifications. I think the
government should spend more money on __________. (educate)
3. ‘It’s a long film. Why don’t we eat before we go to the cinema?’ - ‘That’s a very good
__________.’ (suggest)
4. They had a __________ about global warming. (discuss)
5. My uncle works for Greenpeace. It’s a large __________ that campaigns for the
environment. (organise)
6. Could you give me some __________ about trains to Ha Noi, please? (inform)
7. Fruit and vegetables are full of __________. (good)
II. Complete the sentences with the correct noun formed from the verbs below.
imagine relax motivate employ
examine explore entertain achieve
1. Most people watch TV for __________, and after that for their knowledge and
information.
2. You need a lot of __________ if you want to become a professional sportsman.
3. You need a lot of __________ to write a good story.
4. Fishing is his favourite __________.
5. I’m reading an interesting book about the __________ of the South Pole.
6. Completing the marathon at the top ten was a real __________ for an old man like him.
7. The new company is going to bring a lot of __________ to our town.
8. On closer __________, the vases were seen to be cracked.
• Noun suffixes: -ness, -ity, -ion
III. Read about the famous people. Change the adjectives below to nouns and match
them to the descriptions.
addicted bald deaf disabled short-sighted
1. Alexander Graham Bell is famous for inventing the telephone, but did you know that his
wife, Mabel Gardiner Hubbard, wasn’t able to hear it ring? _____________

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2. Film star Johnny Depp is often seen in glasses. He finds it difficult to see objects that are
far away. _____________
3. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. He was
paralyzed by polio in 1921, but only used his wheelchair in private. _____________
4. Julius Caesar was one of the most powerful leaders in history. He also had no hair on his
head. _____________
5. French writer Honoré de Balzac drank hundreds of cups of coffee a day. He just couldn’t
sleep. _____________
IV. Are the words in bold in the correct form in each sentence? Correct seven mistakes.
1. ‘I was surprised by Mia’s react when I told her we were meeting Dan.’ - ‘So was I. I
couldn’t believe the expression on her face.’
___________________________________________________________________________
______
2. We would like to conclude this concert with a piano piece by Brahms.
3. My history teacher at school made a big impress on me - that’s why I did history at
university.
___________________________________________________________________________
______
4. The police say that the gang of shoplifters have made a full confess.
___________________________________________________________________________
______
5. ‘I heard about your dad’s decide to stop you going out with Jim and David’ - ‘Yeah, he
said he wanted to protection me from their bad influence.’
___________________________________________________________________________
______
6. The divide of any number by zero is actually impossible.
___________________________________________________________________________
______
7. The town council has agreed to situate the new concert hall away from any housing areas.
___________________________________________________________________________
______
8. What’s the connect between Winnie the Pooh and Attila the Hun? They have the same
middle name.
___________________________________________________________________________
______
2D. Reading
I. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Friendly Dolphins Save Swimmers
One morning in November 2018, four people were 1 __________ in the sea about 100
metres from the beach near Auckland, New Zealand. They were 2 __________ lifeguards on
a training swim. Suddenly, about ten dolphins appeared and started to swim around them in
circles. At first, the swimmers were worried - they 3 __________ that the dolphins
were 4 __________ them. One of the swimmers, Ron Howes, tried to swim back to the
beach, but the dolphins stopped him and pushed him back to other swimmers. Suddenly, one
of the swimmers 5 __________. There was a three-metre shark and it was swimming towards
them through the 6 __________ blue water. It came very close to the swimmers. It was only
metres away, but it couldn’t attack them because the dolphins were there. The dolphins
stayed with the swimmers for 40 minutes. 7 __________, the shark swam away and the
dolphins let the swimmers return to the beach. A scientist, Rosemary Finn, who studies the

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behavior of dolphins, wasn’t surprised when she heard the story. ‘Dolphins often help other
animals and fish when they are in trouble in the sea,’ she said.
Task 1. Complete the text with the words below.
attacking clear eventually professional
screamed swimming thought
Task 2. Put the events of the story in the correct order.
_____ A. One of the swimmers screamed when she saw a shark.
_____ B. The dolphins started to swim around the people.
_____ C. Ron tried to swim back to the beach.
__1__ D. The lifeguards were on a training swim.
_____ E. The shark swam away.
_____ F. Ten dolphins appeared.
_____ G. The dolphins stayed with the swimmers for 40 minutes.
_____ H. The shark tried to attack the swimmers.
_____ I. The swimmers returned to the beach.
_____ J. The dolphins pushed Ron back to other swimmers.
Task 3. Answer the questions.
1. Where were the swimmers?
___________________________________________________________________________
______
2. How many dolphins appeared?
___________________________________________________________________________
______
3. Why were the swimmers worried at first?
___________________________________________________________________________
______
4. What did one of the swimmers try to do?
___________________________________________________________________________
______
5. Why did one of the swimmers scream?
___________________________________________________________________________
______
6. How long did the dolphins stay with the swimmers?
___________________________________________________________________________
______
II. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Volcanic Adventures
A Last summer on my gap year I spent some time in Indonesia, and I went on a three-
day trip to Mount Rinjani, an active volcano on the island of Lombok. It was one of the most
incredible experiences of my life. Up at the top of the volcano, I explored the caves and
admired the panoramic views across to the bigger island of Bali, before swimming in the hot
springs of the crater lake. Unbelievable! I’m already thinking about where to go for next
year’s adventure! After I find a job, of course...☹ Jess, 19
B I’m studying in Nicaragua this year, and the best thing I’ve ever done in my life has to
be the trip I went on to an active volcano called Cerro Negro! Having trekked up to the top, I
then spent a few terrifying minutes surfing to the bottom. I’d recommend this to anyone who
enjoys a bit of a thrill, but leave the acrobatics for the experienced surfers. If you fall off your
board, the sides of the volcano are unbelievably hot. Trust me - I found out the hard
way! Dominic, 21

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C Our parents took us to Iceland last summer, and for a family holiday it was actually
pretty cool. In fact, there is a limit to how many bubbling hot geysers and breathtaking
scenery we could take! The best thing was a day trip (you’ve got to be 12 or over to do this
trip) to a dormant volcano called Thrihnukagigur. We had to hike for about an hour across
lava fields to get to it, before being kitted out with the helmets and safety harnesses to get to
the bottom of the 120-metre crater. Once there, we couldn’t believe our eyes: breathtaking
rock formations and incredible colours everywhere. Having a ‘hot pot’ swim in another
geyser after being underground all day was kind of fun too! Naomi (14), Sean (16)
Task 1. Match the words and the definitions.
1. crater ______ A. not active
2. thrill ______ B. provide the appropriate equipment to do something
3. geysers ______ C. a feeling of excitement
4. dormant ______ D. natural hot springs
5. kit out with ______ E. a large hole at the mouth of a volcano
Task 2. Which review mentions...
1. an excursion that takes three days to do? ______
2. special equipment you need? ______
3. a dangerous activity for experienced people only? ______
Task 3. Read the text again, and choose the correct answer.
1. Jess was in Indonesia _______.
A. because she was studying there
B. to meet her parents
C. while she was travelling for a year
2. Mt Rinjani __________.
A. gave Jess the most incredible experience of her life
B. has a lake you can swim in
C. is where Jess is going next year
3. While Dominic was in Nicaragua, he __________.
A. climbed a volcano but was too frightened to surf down
B. went surfing down a volcano
C. found it hard to do acrobatics while surfing
4. The day trip Naomi and Sean did __________.
A. is not available to anyone under the age of 12
B. had only a limited number of geysers
C. involved a swim in an underground geyser
III. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Action Woman
Young Kira Salak is an explorer with a mission. She wants to find the undiscovered comers
of our planet. A difficult task, you might think, in the age of GPS technology and Google™
maps. However, according to Kira there are still plenty of new places to visit and new
adventures to experience. What is more, Kira prefers to travel alone unlike the famous

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explorers of the past, who would set off with an enormous team of helpers.

But what makes a young woman leave her studies and family at the age of 19 to go on
dangerous journeys across scorching deserts, through dense jungles and along fast-flowing
rivers? Kira explains that as a teenager she used to suffer from low self-esteem. She thought
solo adventure trips would help her to discover what she could do. She was right.
For her first adventure, Kira decided to go backpacking across southern Africa. In spite of the
hardships of the journey, the trip had been going well until she went to Mozambique. This
was a country that was in the middle of a civil war. She was travelling near the border with
Zimbabwe when she was kidnapped by soldiers from Mozambique and taken to their base.
Despite the frightening situation, Kira kept calm and asked if she could go to the toilet. It was
her opportunity to escape and she fled into the night, running all the way back to the
Zimbabwe border and safety.
After such an experience, most people would be put off exploring for life. Kira, however,
had learned a valuable lesson about herself: she was braver and stronger than she had
realized. With her new self-confidence, she planned more trips. She wanted to visit
somewhere that very few travellers had been to. The destination she chose was Papua New
Guinea. This was considered one of the most difficult islands in the world to cross because of
its thick jungle and difficult waterways. That didn’t stop Kira. She cut through the jungle and
canoed her way across the island to become one of the few visitors to complete the journey,
and the first foreign woman to do it.
These days Kira’s family and friends are used to her going off on long expeditions. Since her
trip to Papua New Guinea, she has travelled across Alaska, Bhutan, the Congo, Mali, Peru,
Mexico and the Himalayas. She is always searching for hidden, unexplored comers to tell
people about. Kira has recorded her travel experiences in newspaper and magazine articles,
and a number of novels. In fact, as well as being a respected adventurer, she is also
considered an accomplished travel writer and she has been presented with various awards for
her writing. To most of us it all sounds incredible, but Kira says that travelling shows us no

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culture is better, or worse, than another. She also adds that the majority of people on the
planet want the same thing: peace, happiness and a good life for their children.
Task 1. Choose the correct answers.
1. Kira travels abroad _______.
A. with a GPS to find unknown places
B. with a group of fellow adventurers
C. by herself
D. with famous explorers
2. Going on adventures alone _______.
A. helped Kira become a more confident person
B. helped Kira do well at school
C. was her parents’ idea
D. was part of her studies
3. The soldiers from Mozambique kidnapping Kira _______.
A. took her to Zimbabwe B. helped her escape
C. were backpacking D. let her go to the toilet
4. Papua New Guinea was a place that _______.
A. was frequently visited by travellers
B. has never been crossed by a foreigner
C. is easy to cross by boat
D. had never been crossed by a foreign woman before
5. Kira likes to _______.
A. visit places that everybody has been to
B. write about her family and friends
C. find places that are unknown to most people
D. receive awards for her expeditions
6. Kira says that travel has made her realize that _______.
A. the people of the world are very different
B. people everywhere have the same hopes
C. she is different from most people
D. life is better in other countries
Task 2. Read the text again. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F)?
1. Kira finished her studies before leaving on her first expedition. _______.
2. Kira was lacking in confidence as a teenager. _______.
3. Kira panicked when she was captured by the soldiers. _______.
4. Travelling hasn’t helped Kira change as a person. _______.
5. Kira’s family and friends are not surprised by her adventures any more. _______.
6. Kira has done well as an author. _______.
Task 3. Match the words in bold in the text with these definitions.
1. highly skilled at something _______________
2. to make somebody not like something _______________
3. a passage of water where boats can travel _______________
4. a good opinion of your own character and abilities _______________
5. extremely hot _______________
6. ran away from something _______________
7. taken away by force and kept prisoner _______________
8. a particular task which you feel you should do _______________
IV. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.
Sir Ranulph Fiennes - the World’s Greatest Living Explorer

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In 1984, the Guinness Book of Records described Sir Ranulph Fiennes as the world’s greatest
living explorer. Since then, he has continued to break world records and to take on and pull
off some of the most difficult challenges on the Earth. But who is Sir Ranulph, and why are
people so amazed by his breathtaking achievements?
Sir Ranulph, who is a distant cousin of Queen Elizabeth II, was bom into a wealthy,
aristocratic family in 1944. When he was nineteen, he became a soldier in the British Army
and spent a lot of time in Oman in the Middle East. During that, he became the youngest
captain in the army, learned about survival skills and took up the sports of climbing and
skiing.
In the late 1960s, after almost eight years of service, Sir Ranulph left the army. He has been
an adventurer ever since, and has led expeditions all over the world. On his two early
expeditions, he went down the River Nile in a hovercraft and crossed a huge glacier in
Norway. However, it wasn’t until 1979, when he was in his thirties, that he made one of his
first really famous journeys. With two old friends, he set out on an amazing and risky
adventure, which took over three years to complete. They sailed south to the Antarctic,
crossed the South Pole, then sailed north to the Artic, and finally travelled to the North Pole.
They didn’t get back to Britain until 1982. It was the first time anybody went round the world
in this direction, using only surface transport. Nobody has been able to do it again since.

Since visiting both poles, he has led an expedition to discover a lost city in the deserts of
Oman and has also walked across the Antarctic. This journey was record-breaking because it
was the first time that a man or woman went across the continent by only walking and skiing.
In other words, Sir Ranulph, who was almost fifty years old at the time, didn’t use any
machines at all. He went on this incredible journey on his own, and it took him ninety-three
days. Then, in 2009, he climbed Mount Everest - despite the fact that he was sixty-five years
old, and afraid of heights.
Naturally, there has been a price to pay for his bravery. Not all of his expeditions have been
successful, and he has had some terrible experiences. In 2000, for example, he attempted to
walk across the Arctic by himself, and his sledge and all his equipment fell through a hole in
the ice. Sir Ranulph had to pull everything out with his hands, and the ice was so cold that he
got severe frostbite. When he got back home, doctors cut off the ends of some of his fingers.
He has also lost toes to frostbite and has had a heart attack.
Perhaps Sir Ranulph’s most amazing challenge was the one he completed in 2003, when he
was nearly sixty. He ran seven marathons on seven countries in seven days. He started by

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running a marathon in South America, flew to Antarctica and ran another marathon in
Australia, Singapore, Britain, Egypt, and finally, the USA.
There have been some amazing explorers in history, but few have achieved as much as Sir
Ranulph Fiennes.
Task 1. Read the article and put Sir Ranulph’s experiences in the order that they
happened in his life.
____ a. He tried to go across the Arctic alone.
____ b. He went up to the top of Mount Everest.
____ c. He was a soldier in the British Army.
____ d. He lost some of his fingers because of the cold.
____ e. He went round the world from south to north.
____ f. He ran seven marathons in a week.
____ g. He walked over a Norwegian glacier.
____ h. He discovered a lost city in 1992.
Task 2. Study the pronouns in bold in the article. What do they refer to?
1. he (paragraph 1)
2. that (paragraph 2)
3. which (paragraph 3)
4. They (paragraph 3)
5. it (paragraph 3)
6. This (journey) (paragraph 4)
7. who (paragraph 4)
8. him (paragraph 4)
IV. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each question.
Adventure Island
Vanuatu is a nation of small islands in the South Pacific. It is one of the smallest
countries in the world. But for those interested in adventure and sport, there is a lot to do.
Some of the best swimming, snorkeling, and sea kayaking can be found here. Vanuatu’s
islands also offer visitors two of the most exciting, and dangerous activities in the world:

volcano surfing and land diving.

On Tanna Island, Mount Yasur rises 300 metres into the sky. Yasur is one of a few active
volcanoes in the country. It erupts almost every day, sometimes several times a day. For
centuries, both island locals and visitors have climbed this mountain to visit the top.
Recently, people have also started climbing Yasur to surf the volcano. In some ways, volcano
surfing is like surfing in the sea, but in other ways, it’s very different. A volcano surfer’s goal
is to escape the erupting volcano - without being hit by flying rocks. It’s fast, fun, and
dangerous - the perfect extreme sport.
Most people are familiar with bungee jumping. But did you know bungee jumping
started on Pentecost Island in Vanuatu, and is almost 15 centuries old? The original activity,
called land diving, is part of a religious ceremony. A man ties tree vines around his ankles.
He then jumps headfirst from a high tower. The goal is to touch the earth with the top of his
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head - without breaking the vine or hitting the ground hard. Every spring, island natives (men
only) still perform this amazing test of bravery.

1. What is the purpose of the reading?

A. to encourage people not to do dangerous sports
B. to explain what volcano surfing and land surfing are
C. to talk about the world’s best volcano surfer and land surfer
D. to compare Vanuatu with other islands in the South Pacific
2. What does the word “those” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. people B. countries C. activities D. islands
3. Which sentence about Vanuatu is NOT true?
A. It is a small nation in the South Pacific.
B. It is where bungee jumping began.
C. It has more than one active volcano.
D. It is famous for a sport called volcano diving.
4. Which sentence is true about Mount Yasur?
A. It is no longer active.
B. It is more than 1,000 metres high.
C. People have been climbing it for a long time.
D. It’s on Pentecost Island.
5. Which sentence is true about land diving?
A. It was first called “bungee jumping.”
B. It came to Vanuatu from another country.
C. It is less popular today than in the past.
D. It is a traditional activity in Vanuatu.
6. What does the phrase “the earth” in the last paragraph mean?
A. the people B. the ground C. the tower D. the world
7. Local people on Tanna Island and visitors _______.
A. have surfed the volcano for centuries
B. have recently surfed the volcano
C. come to see the volcano erupt every day
D. have never tried any extreme sport
8. How are volcano surfing and land diving similar?
A. They are both old sports.
B. Both men and women do them.
C. They are both done on Tanna Island.
D. They are both extreme activities.
VI. Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each question.
Mystery on Everest
Were Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay really the first people to reach the top of
Mount Everest? Some believe British climbers George Mallory and Andrew Irvine reached

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the summit before them in June 1924. Unfortunately, this is hard to prove because both men

vanished on the mountain.

In 1999, a team of climbers visited Everest, hoping to solve this mystery. Near Everest
First Step, on the way to the summit, the team found Mallory’s oxygen tank - evidence that
he and Irvine were near the top. Close by, a member of the team, Conrad Anker, discovered
Mallory’s body.
In addition, when the team examined Mallory’s body, they found items like a knife and
matches, but no photos. Why is this significant? Mallory carried a photo of his wife with him.
He planned to leave it at the top of Everest, if he reached the summit.
Did Mallory and Irvine achieve their goal and reach the top? Probably not, says Anker.
Mallory and Irvine were last seen near Everest’s Second Step. This is a 27-metre wall of
rock. Climbing this section of Everest is extremely difficult, even with modem climbing
equipment. Without the right tools, it is doubtful Mallory and Irvine were able to proceed to
the top.
Mallory and Irvine were near the summit late in the day. Climbers who reach the summit
at this time need to camp at the top. If you do this, it is common to suffer from frostbite. But

Mallory’s body had no sign of frostbite.

So what happened to Mallory and Irvine? Anker thinks they probably turned back just
after the First Step. When Mallory was going down, perhaps he accidentally fell. Irvine’s

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body has never been found. Whatever happened, they will always be remembered as early
Everest heroes.
1. The reading is mainly about two climbers who _______.
A. solved a mystery about Everest B. vanished on Everest
C. recreated Hillary and Norgay’s climb D. invented new climbing tools
2. Which statement is true?
A. Mallory’s body showed signs of frostbite.
B. Conrad Anker’s team found two bodies on Everest.
C. Mallory and Irvine were near the top of Everest in the morning.
D. Anker’s team found some of Mallory’s items on the mountain.
3. The purpose of the second and third paragraphs is to give reasons why ______.
A. Mallory may have reached the top
B. Mallory probably didn’t reach the top
C. Mallory brought an oxygen tank
D. the body was not Mallory’s
4. What does the word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. the body B. the oxygen tank
C. the summit D. the picture
5. Where were Mallory and Irvine last seen?
A. at a camp near the bottom of the mountain
B. at the top of Everest
C. just below the First Step
D. just below the Second Step
6. If Mallory and Irvine “turned back” (in the last paragraph), they _______.
A. stopped and went down B. went around
C. tried to walk up D. stayed in one place on
7. All of the following are true about Mallory EXCEPT that _______.
A. he had modem climbing equipment
B. his body was found near the First Step
C. some items were found near his body
D. he carried his wife’s picture with him
8. Which statement would Conrad Anker probably agree with?
A. Mallory and Irvine definitely reached the top of Everest.
B. Mallory and Irvine never got close to the summit.
C. Mallory and Irvine got close, but didn’t reach the top.
D. Irvine probably reached the top, but not Mallory
Pronunciation: Stress in verbs
I. Put the words below in the correct column according to their stress pattern.
listen compete prefer cancel perform
dislike reply review harvest achieve
explore invent argue answer react
Stress on 1st syllable Stress on 2nd syllable
II. Put the verbs into the correct column according to the stress pattern.
entertain recommend visualise examine motivate
imagine understand volunteer accomplish abolish
advocate recycle discover register exercise
advertise educate sacrifice encounter disappear
st nd
Stress on 1 syllable Stress on 2 syllable Stress on 3rd syllable
2E. Speaking
• Everyday English
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I. Choose the correct response.

1. A: When I was young, I used to fly the B: a/ Probably you felt very happy.
kites in the field. b/ Do you think it’s a terrible thing?
2. A: We went to a small theme park, and B: a/ And you were feeling terrified?
played paintballing. b/ And you felt very excited?
3. A: Look! In the photo, he encountered a B: a/ I expect he felt very excited.
shark! b/ He was probably very shocked.
4. A: Here’s the photo of the man who first B: a/ I think he was very well-prepared for it.
completed the marathon. b/ Judging his expression, he was relaxed.
5. A: Here’s the photo of my hiking trip in B: a/ You looked very bored!
Cat Tien National Park. b/ Wow! How interesting!
6. A: Your brother took part in a race B: a/ Really? I guess he’s very fit.
yesterday, and he came first. b/ But maybe he felt very nervous.
7. A: My aunt Lan likes extreme sports. B: a/ I guess she enjoys challenges.
8. A: Judging by her expression, I’d say Jane b/ It’s a bad thing to do dangerous sports.
enjoyed her first experience of BASE B: a/ Yeah, I could see it on her face.
jumping. b/ Right. She looked terrified.
9. A: You like extreme sports, don’t you? B: a/ Oh, because they’re dangerous.
10. A: Why do you practise that sport? b/ Of course, they’re very exciting.
B: a/ Its excitement makes me do it.
b/ Its excitement makes me unwilling to do
it.
• Photo description
II. Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. There is one extra that you do not
need.

A. feel scared
B. wearing a life jacket
C. some training and experience
D. still and blue
E. a bit dangerous
F. very excited and relaxed
G. stands on end
Nick Wow. The photo is fantastic. Where was it taken, Phong?
Phong It’s the photo that my dad took during his holiday in the northern Viet Nam.
Nick The cliffs are steep, and the lake is calm, not moving.
Phong You’re right. The water of the lake is 1_________________________________.
Nick They jump from the top of the cliffs. They’re probably feeling
__________________.

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Phong If I were them, I’d 3__________________________., and my

hair 4_____________________.
Nick It looks like that they’ve had5_________________________________.
Phong I think so. If we don’t have any experience, it will
be 6_________________________.
III. Complete the dialogue with the phrases below. There is one extra that you do not
need.

A. help each other when there is an accident

B. wearing wool caps, gloves, boots and heavy backpacks
C. carry enough tools, first-aid kits, some drink and food
D. feeling very excited and delighted
E. but maybe a bit scared and shocked
F. don’t feel so cold
G. lucky to have the nice weather like that
Anna Look at the picture in the magazine. Some people are skiing in the sun.
Mai It looks very wonderful. Skiing in the sun, so
we 1______________________________.
Anna That’s right. I expect they’re 2_____________________________, because the
weather is fine.
Mai They’re 3_____________________________. All of them are carrying a lot.
Anna Exactly. Besides the skis, they
are 4_______________________________________________.
Mai I think they have
5
to __________________________________________________________.
Anna Skiing is a bit risky, so people should go skiing in a group, and they
6
can __________________
_______________________________________________________________________
____.
Mai We don’t have any opportunities to go skiing in Viet Nam because there is no snow
and ice.

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IV. Look at the picture, and the prompts below in order to complete the dialogue.

- they / go hiking / forest / see the panorama

- feel very happy / achieve goal of the trip
- walk a long distance / get there
- feel excited / see the view of the sea
- girl / a little bit tired / relax and enjoy the view
- suggestion for the group: go hiking at Nam Cat Tien National Park / this weekend
A Look at the picture in the magazine. The two teenagers are on the edge of the high
cliff.
B Maybe they 1______________________________, and at
2
last __________________________
A I
expect __________________________because 4___________________________________
3

B I think so. They

have 5__________________________________________________________.
A The boy and the girl are probably 6___________________________________because
7
they can ___________________________________. It is very fantastic.
B The girl 8__________________________________. She’s sitting on the edge of the
cliff 9__________________________________.
A Why don’t we go hiking this weekend?
B Let’s have a discussion with our group. I
think 10____________________________________.
A Great idea. I think all members all members of the group will agree and set off this
weekend.
2F. Writing
• An invitation
Read the email, and do the tasks that follow.
Dear Phong,
Thanks for your email. It’s great that you’re planning to visit us next month.
As soon as term finishes, I’m going camping in the forest with my dad and my brother. We’re
planning to be away for three or four days. I really want to go fishing a few times, and while
we’re there, I’m hoping to catch some fish to eat in the evenings. After we get back, I’ll be
working in my uncle’s cafe for a few days over Easter.

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You could visit any time during the last week of the holiday. I’ll re-taking a couple of exams
next term, so I need to do some revision before I go back to school. But I reckon I’ll be able
to work when you’re here.
I’d be grateful if you could confirm the dates of your visit as soon as possible. I won’t make
any more plans until I hear from you!
All the best,
Nick
Task 1. Why is Nick writing to Phong?
___________________________________________________________________________
______
___________________________________________________________________________
______
Task 2. Find four different activities that Nick is planning to do during the Easter holiday?
What tenses does he use in his email?
___________________________________________________________________________
______
___________________________________________________________________________
______
___________________________________________________________________________
______
___________________________________________________________________________
______
Task 3. Find one sentence that is too formal, and rewrite it in a more informal style.
___________________________________________________________________________
______
___________________________________________________________________________
______

REVIEW UNIT 2
Vocabulary
I. Complete the sentences with the words below.
cliffs waterfalls shore ocean
desert cave forest volcano
1. During the day, the temperature in the __________ can reach 50°C, but at night it
sometimes falls to below 0°C.
2. You can collect seashells from the __________, but you can’t take coral pieces.
3. The __________ are very high and it’s dangerous to walk too close to the edge.
4. When the __________ erupted in the past, it destroyed the whole nearby town.
5. Angel Falls in Venezuela is the highest __________ in the world.
6. ‘What is the deepest __________ in the world?’ - I think it’s the Pacific.’
7. It was a bright day in June, but inside the __________ it was very dark and cold.
8. Some of the trees in the __________ are over one thousand years old.
II. Choose the correct words.
1. Go past / on / after the school.
2. Just follow / along / across the path across the field.

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3. Turn in / to / onto the lane and then go straight.

4. I saw Tom running at / straight / along Kings Road.
5. Turn in / Ø / up right at the church and you’ll see the cottage.
6. Go at / through / over the gate and park your car next to the house.
III. Underline the correct prepositions. Where no word is necessary, choose 0.
1. For the police station, go straight in / over / on and you can’t miss it.
2. Go Ø / for / along the main road until you see the sports field.
3. To reach the train station, you need to go up / through / in the centre of town.
4. Keep going Ø / on / by until you reach the comer of King’s Road.
5. You’ll find the bar up / at / of the comer.
6. Walk for two minutes and you’ll see the school in front of / by / to you.
7. Take to / Ø / on the second left after the library and you’ll see my house.
8. For the post office, go past / through / on the turning for the station.
IV. Replace the underlined words with suitable extreme adjectives.
We’re camping in a 1very small tent in a 2very big field. The weather is very cold, especially
at night. Last night, I was 3very scared - there were so many strange noises! It really is
a 4 very bad holiday.
1. ___________ 2. ___________ 3. ___________ 4. ___________
Grammar
V. Makes sentences or questions in the past continuous using these words.
1. it / rain / 8 o’clock / this morning
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
2. you / wait for / your parents / after school this morning?
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
3. he / practise / badminton / in the garden / at 4 p.m.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
4. people / cheer / during the match yesterday
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
5. I / not have / a lesson / when you phoned me
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
VI. Complete the sentences with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. Maria __________ (surf) when she __________ (see) a shark near the beach.
2. It __________ (not rain) so we __________ (play) volleyball in the park.
3. The Los Angeles Lakers __________ (score) 30 points in the last l0 minutes, but they
__________ (not win) the game.
4. She __________ (break) her leg when she __________ (ski).
5. The motorcyclist __________ (put on) his helmet and __________ (get on) the motorbike.
6. The goalie __________ (catch) the ball and __________ (throw) it to the defender.
7. My dad __________ (get) home while I __________ (watch) a football match on TV.
8. The referee __________ (stop) the match because it __________ (snow).
VII. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
I think I have been very lucky in my life so far, because I have travelled a lot since
I 1 __________ (leave) my own country, Canada, in the late 1970s. In the 1980s,
I2 __________ (travel) a lot in South America, but I would say that my favourite part of the

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world is the Indian subcontinent. I 3 __________ (also spend) long periods of time on my
own exploring Sri Lanka. Now I have two small sons and so I am not as free to travel for
long periods as once I was, but we 4 __________ (already visit) about 15 countries together.
I originally 5 __________ (come) to Britain to study English literature. After finishing
my degree, I 6__________ (find) a job as an editorial assistant in Oxford. Although I am now
freelance and live in Cambridge, I do most of my writing for the same publisher
who 7 __________ (give) me a job more than 20 years ago. At the moment, I8 __________
(write) a book on people who decided to take a gap year and travel. I am trying to describe
their experience while they were away and I’m also doing some research on how the gap
year 9 __________ (change) their lives. I hope the book 10 __________ (appear) in a couple
of months.
Word Skills
VIII. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words below.
train music attend act assist
1. There are three __________ in their family. They all played instruments when they were
four years old.
2. The farm shop is looking for a new __________.
3. She’s a very good __________ and has been in many films.
4. She’s been a flight __________ for ten years because she loves flying.
5. He’s only a __________ at the moment but he should get a full-time job with the company
in two months.
IX. Complete the sentences with the nouns formed from the verbs below, using an
appropriate suffix.
acknowledge exist achieve involve
explain prefer manage reside
1. Make a list of your __________ with your first choice at the top of the list.
2. He said that climbing to the top of Mount Everest had been his greatest ___________.
3. They live in London but they have a summer __________ on the south coast of France.
4. They gave me a long __________ on how it works but I still don’t understand how to use
it.
5. The workers talked to __________ about more pay but they still haven’t come to an
agreement.
6. Please send me a(n) __________ when you received the parcel.
7. They deny any __________ in the robbery and say they were at the cinema at that time.
8. Since the __________ of the Internet, life has become more convenient for millions of
people.
Use of English
X. Complete the text. Use one word only for each gap.
Hi Jack,
Do you have any 1 __________ for the summer holidays? If not, do you like joining me and
my parents at Centre Parcs? We’re going to go to the one in Sherwood Forest __________ a
week in August. If there are four of us, we can 3__________ in one of the new Treehouses -
they look really cool. We could 4__________ computer games in the special Games room
and 5 __________ barbecues on the balcony. Or we could go for a bike 6 __________ in the
forest and do lots of other outdoor 7 __________. If you’re free,8 __________ don’t you
come with us? It would be really great9 __________. But, if you can’t do it, no problem. Let
me 10 __________!
Reading
XI. Read the text, and do the tasks that follow.

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Brita Harding is a scientist and she’s been in Antarctica for five weeks. She is working
in a small building called Scott’s Hut and helping to preserve it. The British explorer Captain
Robert Scott used the hut as a base camp in 1911.
‘The Antarctica is the driest, coldest and windiest continent in the world. It’s dark for six
months of the year and not many animals live here, apart from penguins. There are no native
people like the Inuits, and tourists never stop off to explore. It’s easy to understand why. It
isn’t the best place to live and work and it’s freezing at the moment - we’ve had temperatures
of -73°C since Monday!
Every day, I go down to Ross Island and work in Scott’s Hut with other scientists.
Inside there are books, wooden skis, biscuits, penguins’ eggs and many other interesting
things. All these things have been here for a hundred years and they’re completely frozen.
That’s why we want to save the hut - it brings Scott’s expedition to life!
The race to the South Pole is a famous story. Captain Scott and a Norwegian explorer
Roald Amundsen both wanted to get there first. They both prepared for many months, but in
the end their expeditions were very different: Amundsen used dogs to pull his sleds and Scott
had motorized sleds and horses. Amundsen had good weather during his expedition, but Scott
had bad weather. When Scott’s team set out from the hut on 1 November 1911, there were
terrible snow storms and the sleds broke down. After a few weeks, the horses died and most
of his team turned back. In the end, only five men carried on to the South Pole: Scott,
Oates, Evans, Bowers and Wilson.
On 17 January 1912, Scott’s team reached the Pole and came across the Norwegian flag
- Amundsen’s team were there before them and were already racing back to tell the world.
Tired and disappointed, Scott made his way back home, but the return journey was a
nightmare. They ran out of food and got lost in snowstorms; then on 17 February, Evans had
a bad fall and died. A month later, Oates walked into a snow storm and disappeared. Scott,
Bowers and Wilson stayed in the tent for two more weeks. Sadly, the storm didn’t stop, so
they died. They were only eighteen kilometres from a supply of food.
In Scott’s hut, there is a pair of old explorer’s boots. Scott wore these boots for years
and they are dirty and broken, but they’re very special, too. They tell us Scott’s story - that he
was hard-working, ambitious and determined, and that he pushed himself to the limit.
Although the journey was terrible and terrifying, Scott never gave up, and that’s an amazing
achievement.’
Task 1. Answer the questions.
1. What job does Brita do?
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
2. How was Amundsen’s expedition different from Scott’s?
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
3. Why did most of Scott’s team go back?
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
4. Why was Scott disappointed when he got to the South Pole?
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
5. What problems did he experience on the way back?
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
6. What makes Scott’s boots special?

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___________________________________________________________________________
_______
7. Why does Brita think Scott’s story is an inspiration?
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
Task 2. Read sentences 1-8, and replace the words in italics with the correct bold
phrasal verbs in the text.
1. Last August we went on a road trip. The first day of the holiday, we began our
journey from home.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
2. After a few kilometres, we decided to stop for a short time and have breakfast at a small
cafe.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
3. We were there for an hour, then we continued with our journey.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
4. Unfortunately, it started to rain. Then we travelled down the wrong road and got lost.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
5. Later, things got worse and the car stopped working. Dad’s mobile phone stopped working,
too.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
6. We spent half an hour repairing the car, but in the end we stopped trying.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
7. We decided to go in the opposite direction and go home, so we got out of the car and
started walking.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______
8. We didn’t meet or find any other cars or people all the way home.
___________________________________________________________________________
_______

Progress Test 1 (Units 1-2)

Vocabulary
I. Choose the best answers.
1. He was very _______ when he didn’t get the job.
A. jealous B. nervous C. disappointed
2. Peter was _______ to find his wallet in the cupboard.
A. relieved B. disappointed C. upset
3. Jane gets _______ when Bill talks to another girl.
A. guilty B. jealous C. scared
4. I’m always _______ when my friends argue in a cafe where there are lots of people.
A. nervous B. bored C. embarrassed

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