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Lecture 4 - Shear

The document discusses a lecture on soil behavior in shear. The main goals are to understand how soil can be modeled as a continuum and how its mechanical behavior of strength and stiffness can be described using constitutive models. The lecture will cover introduction to continuum mechanics, simple models of soil elasticity and plasticity, laboratory shear tests, shear strength of coarse-grained and fine-grained soils, and the critical state framework. Key concepts to be discussed include the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and estimating strength parameters from index tests.

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Monique Aldana
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37 views11 pages

Lecture 4 - Shear

The document discusses a lecture on soil behavior in shear. The main goals are to understand how soil can be modeled as a continuum and how its mechanical behavior of strength and stiffness can be described using constitutive models. The lecture will cover introduction to continuum mechanics, simple models of soil elasticity and plasticity, laboratory shear tests, shear strength of coarse-grained and fine-grained soils, and the critical state framework. Key concepts to be discussed include the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and estimating strength parameters from index tests.

Uploaded by

Monique Aldana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CVNG 2009

SOIL MECHANICS II

Lecture 4
Soil Behavior in Shear

Craig’s Soil Mechanics


by J.A. Knappett & R.F. Craig, 8th ed, Spon Press, 2012
Soil Behavior in Shear
Main Goals: In this chapter we understand how soil may be
modelled as a continuum, and how its mechanical behavior
(strength and stiffness) may be adequately described using
constitutive models
Course Outcomes:
- Understand how soil may be modelled as a continuum,
and how its mechanical behavior (strength & stiffness)
may be adequately described using elastic & plastic
material (constitutive) models
- Understand the method of operation of standard laboratory
testing apparatus & derive strength & stiffness properties
of soil from these tests for use in subsequent geotechnical
analyses
Soil Behavior in Shear
Course Outcomes (continue):
- Appreciate different strength characteristics of soils
- Understand the critical state concept
- Use simple empirical correlations to estimate strength
properties of soil based on the results of index tests (Ch.1 )

Contents
1. Introduction to Continuum Mechanics
2. Simple Models of Soil Elasticity and Plasticity
3. Laboratory Shear Tests
4. Shear Strength of Coarse-grained & Fine-grained Soils
5. Critical State Framework
6. Estimating Strength Parameters from Index Tests
Introduction to Continuum Mechanics
• Equation of equilibrium
NB. No effective stress in
shear as water cannot
withstand shear forces
Seepage Force

Equilibrium
Equations
• Equation of compatibility

deformation in 'z' direction

deformation in 'x' direction


Compatibility Equation - strain only
• Stress-strain relationship (constitutive model)

plastic strain
(unloading will come
down broken line)
Simple Models of Soil Elasticity
E, young's modulus for normal stress
• Linear elasticity G, shear modulus for shear stress

v = poisson's ratio

- Shear modulus

- Hooke’s law
• Non-linear elasticity
Simple Models of Soil Plasticity
• Soil as a frictional material
Shear Force
shear stress

criteria for failure


only along line

Shear Friction

normal
stress
Normal
• The Mohr-Coulomb model strength parameter

c΄: cohesion intercept


ϕ΄: angle of shearing resistance

c' = cohesion
- The Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion

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