Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Faculty Of Engineering
• Worksheets 5
• Mid-Term Exam 20
• Final Exam 50
Advanced Engineering Mathematics, 10/e by Edwin Kreyszig
Copyright 2011 by John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1: Limits and Continuity
THE CONCEPT OF LIMIT
In this section, we develop the notion of limit using some
common language and illustrate the idea with some simple
examples.
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A limit exists if and only if both corresponding one-sided limits
exist and are equal. That is, for some number L, if and only if
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L’Hopital’s Rule
Solution
Algebraic cancellation:
Likewise:
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Indeterminate forms and L’Hopital’s rule # 82
we reconsider the problem of computing limits
of the form
f ( x) 0
lim = OR =
x →a g ( x ) 0
both of f and g are differentiable everywhere
Solution
Slide 9
Example 4
3x+1 − cos2 x
Lim
Solution
x →0 x
3x+1 − cos2x 3x 1 − cos2x
Lim = Lim + 2 Lim
x →0 x x →0 x x →0 2x
= 3+ 0 = 3
OR By using L’Hopital’s rule
Slide 10
Example 5 4x
lim
x →0 tan 3x + sin 2x
Solution
𝟒𝒙 𝟎 𝟒 𝟒
𝒍𝒊𝒎 = ⇒ 𝒍𝒊𝒎 𝟐
=
𝒙→𝟎 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟑 𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 𝒙 𝟎 𝒙→𝟎 𝟑 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝟑 𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐 𝒙 𝟑+𝟐
Slide 11
Example 6 sin t Comment for t=0
lim
t → − t
Solution
Solution
This is incorrect
Slide 13
Rule of Thumb
Slide 14
CONTINUITY
We say that a function is continuous on an interval if
its graph on that interval can be drawn without lifting
the pencil from the paper.
Definition
f is said to be continuous at x = a, if
3. lim f ( x) = f (a)
x→a
Otherwise, is said to be discontinuous
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Ex 1 page 26
Discuss the continuity at x =3
for the following functions.
x 2 − 9
x −9 2
, x 3
(i ) f ( x ) = (ii ) g ( x ) = x − 3
x −3 4 , x =3
x 2 − 9
, x 3
(iii ) h ( x ) = x − 3
6 , x =3
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Solution
lim f (x ) = lim
x 2 −9
= lim
( x − 3)( x + 3)
= lim ( x + 3) = 6
x →3 x →3 x − 3 x →3 x −3 x →3
The value and the limit are not the same and
So it is not continuous
Slide 20
Vertical Asymptote Definition
Solved Problem x −1
Find the vertical asymptotes of the graph f ( x) = 2
x −1
Solution
Factor the dominator (x-1)(x+1) and cancel the common,
1
we get f ( x) =
x +1
Put the dominator =0, there are V.A. when x=-1
Slide 21
Ex 1 page 32
Find the vertical asymptotes of the graph
Solution
8
f (x ) = − 2
x −4
Put the Dominator D=0, there are V.A. when
x → 2 Slide 22
Vertical Asymptote
Slide 23
Comment: Prob. # 1- page 39
Solution
Since x +4
2
is never zero,
im f ( x) = L
x→
Slide 25
Horizontal Asymptote
Slide 26
Ex 3 page 36
Find the Horizontal asymptotes of f(x)
5x +x
2
f ( x) =
Solution x ( x − 1)
5x +x
2
lim = 5
x → x ( x − 1)
y = 5 are H. A.
Slide 27
Comment: Prob. # 1- page 39
Find the Horizontal asymptotes of the graph
x
f ( x) =
Solution x +4
2
x x 1
lim =lim x 1+ 4 / x
=
1
= 1
x +4
2
2 x→
x→
x 2
− 2x
Oblique Asymptote at 2x − 3
x 2x − 4
y = +1 Slide 30
2 1
x −3 x
2
1
f (x ) = = +1+
2x − 4 2 2x − 4
linear remainder
Slide 31
Slide 32
Next Class
Chapter 2: Differentiation # 40
Slide 33