Recruitment and Selection Process
Recruitment and Selection Process
PROJECT REPORT
ON
Himanshu Vyas - 10
PRO.Priyanka Batra Rajendrasing - 08
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1
PREFACE
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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Table of content
SR. PARTICULARS PAGE
NO NO.
Preface
Acknowledgment
1 INTRODUCTION 6
3 Recruitment Process 10
4 Selection Process 11
8 Review of Literature 22
9 Finding 25
10 Conclusion 26
11 Biblography 27
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INTRODUCTION
Recruitment and selection forms a core part of the central activities
underlying human resource management: namely, the aquisition,
development and reward of workers. It frequently forms an
important part of the work of human resource managers – or
designated specialists within work organisations. However, and
importantly, recruitment and selection decisions are often for good
reason taken by non-specialists, by the line managers. There is,
therefore, an important sense in which it is the responsibility of all
managers, and where human resource departments exist, it may be
that HR managers play more of a supporting advisory role to those
people who will supervise or in other ways work with the new
employee.
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A) ‘Recruitment is the process of generating a pool of capable people to
apply for employment to an organisation. Selection is the process by
which managers and others use specific instruments to choose from
a pool of applicants a person or persons more likely to succeed in the
job(s), given management goals and legal requirements.’
B) ‘although the two functions are closely connected, each requires a
separate range of skills and expertise, and may in practice be fulfilled
by different staff members. The recruitment activity, but not
normally the selection decision, may be outsourced to an agency. It
makes sense, therefore, to treat each activity separately.
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A Topical And Relevant Area
Recruitment and selection is a topical area. While it has always had
the capacity to form a key part of the process of managing and
leading people as a routine part of organisational life, it is suggested
here that recruitment and selection has become ever more
important as organisations increasingly regard their workforce as a
source of competitive advantage. Of course, not all employers
engage with this proposition even at the rhetorical level. However,
there is evidence of increased interest in the utilisation of employee
selection methods which are valid, reliable and fair. For example, it
has been noted that ‘over several decades, work psychology has had
a significant influence on the way people are recruited into jobs,
through rigorous development and evaluation of personnel selection
procedures’. In this chapter we will examine several contemporary
themes in recruitment and selection including what is human as the
competency approach and online recruitment.
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recruitment and selection and the wider social and economic
context.
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RECRUITMENT
A Recruitment Process is an organization-specific model of how the
sourcing of new employees is undertaken. Typically the ownership of
the recruitment process resides within the Human Resources
function, although again this may differ depending on the specific
organizational structure.
Recruitment Process
Identify vacancy
Short-listing
Arrange interviews
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Process of Selection
“Selection is the process of differentiating between applicants in
order to identify and hire those with a greater likelihood of success in
a job.”
1) Preliminary Interview:
The purpose of preliminary interviews is basically to eliminate
unqualified applications based on information supplied in
application forms. The basic objective is to reject misfits. On
the other hands preliminary interviews is often called a
courtesy interview and is a good public relations exercise.
2) Selection Tests:
Jobseekers who past the preliminary interviews are called for
tests. There are various types of tests conducted depending
upon the jobs and the company. These tests can be Aptitude
Tests, Personality Tests, and Ability Tests and are conducted to
judge how well an individual can perform tasks related to the
job. Besides this there are some other tests also like Interest
Tests (activity preferences), Graphology Test (Handwriting),
Medical Tests, Psychometric Tests etc.
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3) Employment Interview:
The next step in selection is employment interview. Here interview is a
formal and in-depth conversation between applicant’s acceptability. It is
considered to be an excellent selection device. Interviews can be One-
to-One, Panel Interview, or Sequential Interviews. Besides there can be
Structured and Unstructured interviews, Behavioral Interviews, Stress
Interviews.
4) Reference & Background Checks:
Reference checks and background checks are conducted to verify the
information provided by the candidates. Reference checks can be
through formal letters, telephone conversations. However it is merely a
formality and selections decisions are seldom affected by it.
5) Selection Decision:
After obtaining all the information, the most critical step is the selection
decision is to be made. The final decision has to be made out of
applicants who have passed preliminary interviews, tests, final
interviews and reference checks. The views of line managers are
considered generally because it is the line manager who is responsible
for the performance of the new employee.
6) Physical Examination:
After the selection decision is made, the candidate is required to
undergo a physical fitness test. A job offer is often contingent upon the
candidate passing the physical examination.
7) Job Offer:
The next step in selection process is job offer to those applicants who
have crossed all the previous hurdles. It is made by way of letter of
appointment.
8) Final Selectio
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Key Points of Selection Process
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Effective Recruitment And Selection
We have already referred to the potential importance of recruitment
and selection as an activity. Pilbeam and Corbridge (2006, p 142)
provide a useful overview of potential positive and negative aspects
noting that: ‘The recruitment and selection of employees is
fundamental to the functioning of an organisation, and there are
compelling reasons for getting it right. Inappropriate selection
decisions reduce organisational effectiveness, invalidate reward and
development strategies, are frequently unfair on the individual
recruit and can be distressing for managers who have to deal with
unsuitable employees.’
It should be stressed that these, and other, perceptual errors are not
inevitable and can be overcome. Many HR professionals study
subjects like organisational behaviour as part of their career
qualifications in which they are made aware of the dangers of
inaccurate perception. Nonetheless, it remains the case that an
understanding of this subject area is an important building block to
effective recruitment and selection.
D) Selection
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One of the last stages in recruitment and selection is selection itself,
which includes the choice of methods by which an employer
reduces a short-listed group following the recruitment stage,
leading to an employment decision. For most people, this is the
only visible stage of the resourcing cycle because their experience
of it is likely to be as a subject – or candidate – rather than
involvement in planning the entire process. While recruitment can
be perceived as a positive activity generating an optimum number
of job-seekers, selection is inherently negative in that it will
probably involve rejection of applicants.
It would be prudent to argue that selection decisions should be
based on a range of selection tools as some have poor predictive
job ability. While it is almost inconceivable that employment would
be offered or accepted without a face-to-face encounter, many
organisations still rely almost exclusively on the outcome of
interviews to make selection decisions.
To have any value, interviews should be conducted or supervised by
trained individuals, be structured to follow a previously agreed set
of questions mirroring the person specification or job profile, and
allow candidates the opportunity to ask questions. The interview is
more than a selection device. It is a mechanism that is capable of
communicating information about the job and the organisation
to the candidate, with the aim of giving a realistic job preview,
providing information about the process, and thus can minimise the
risk of job offers being rejected. Organisations seeking high
performance in their selection processes should therefore give
considerable attention to maximising the uses of the interview and,
ideally, combine this method with other psychometric measures
where appropriate.
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It may appear self-evident that organisational decision-makers will
wish to ensure that their recruitment (and in this case) selection
methods are effective. We have already suggested, however, that
making judgements on an individual’s personal characteristics and
suitability for future employment is inherently problematic and that
many ‘normal’ selection methods contain significant flaws. There is
also the question of what is meant by the terms ‘reliability’ and
‘validity’ when applied to recruitment and selection.
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selection due to their probable scepticism at the use of this
measure
Content validity refers to the nature of the measure and in
particular its adequacy as a tool. For example, the UK driving
test could be criticised for not assessing ability in either night
driving or travelling on motorways.
Predictive validity centres on linkages between results or
scores on a selection measure and subsequent outcome –
most commonly, job performance at a future point. Here it is
important to identify when the comparison will be made – ie
immediately in the case of a simple job requiring little
training, or more commonly, at an intermediate point,
possibly after a suitable probationary period.
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Recruitment and selection: Art or science?
Systematic models of recruitment and selection based on a
resourcing cycle should not necessarily imply that this process is
underpinned by scientific reasoning and method. As we have seen,
Pilbeam and Corbridge note that even the most valid methods fall
some way short of complete predictive validity. Thompson and
McHugh (2009) go further, taking a critical view on the general use
and, in particular, the validity of employee selection methods. In
commenting on the use of personality tests in selection, these
authors state that in utilising such tests employers are essentially
‘clutching at straws’ and on this basis will probably use anything that
will help them make some kind of systematic decision. These authors
identify now discredited selection methods, such as the use of
polygraphs to detect lying and other methods such as astrology,
which are deemed more appropriate in some cultures than in others.
It is indeed important to keep in mind that today’s received wisdom
in the area of recruitment and selection, just as in the management
canon more generally, may be criticised and even widely rejected in
the future.
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Literature Review
According to Tesco Workforce planning is vital if a business is
to meet its future demands for staff. It allows a business time
to train existing staff to take on new responsibilities and to
recruit new staff to fill vacancies or to meet skill shortages.
Tesco is a major international company with many job
opportunities, including management, graduate, school leaver
and apprentice posts. Tesco needs to have people with the
right skills and behaviours to support its growth and
development.
Tesco has clear organisational structures, detailed job
descriptions and person specifications. It provides user-friendly
ways of applying for jobs and a consistent approach to
recruitment and selection. This means it can manage its
changing demand for staff.
According to Windolf (1986), the choice of a particular
recruitment strategy by a firm is specific to the resources
available to the organization at hand and its environmental
dynamics. The labor market power of companies is determined
in relation to local competition and is defined as the degree of
choice a company can exercise in deciding upon a particular
recruitment strategy. Windolf as well argues that the
recruitment process usually begins by defining the profile of
the ideal candidate which implies the applicant who will best fit
the job. Sometimes the profile could be more or less clearly
defined in terms of formal education, sex or age. He points out
that a narrow definition of the ideal candidate in terms of age
30-35, male, native born or otherwise excludes many potential
applicants (women or older workers) who might be capable of
doing the job. It is at these first stages of the recruitment
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process that discrimination actually begins (ibid). Firms may
advertise the vacancy or they may restrict recruitment to the
internal labor market (ILM) or to friends or relatives of
employees.
According to Micheal et al., (1979) hold that effectiveness is
easy to understand when it is contrasted with efficiency. They
claim that, effectiveness underscores the long-range continuing
nature of management meanwhile efficiency is considered a
short term measure on how well an organization uses its
resources. Efficiency measures are used to see whether
organizations are meeting their short-term targets in which
case, efficiency is considered a short measure. It compares the
input or cost directly with the output or benefits (cf. Etzoni,
1964). Measuring effectiveness and efficiency raises several
thorny questions. When a company has a goal that is short and
concrete, it is comparatively easy to measure effectiveness. For
example, in cases of two companies, one whose goal is to
construct a canal linking the Red and Mediterranean seas and
another whose goal is to build a tunnel linking Britain and
France, it is true that the former was effective while the latter
was not. If the organizational goal is a continuous one,
measurement is already a problematic, (Etzioni, 1964). This is
the motivation behind the purpose of studying the recruitment
strategy of SO.NA.RA that is likely influenced by several factors
for instance, discrimination and corruption.
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Aryeetey (2011) argued recruitment is the process of
generating a pool of applicant to apply for employment to an
organization and selection is the process by which specific tools
are used to choose from a pool of applicants’ the most suitable
one for the job taking into consideration. While Noe et al.,
(2007) defined recruitment as the action taken by the
organization with the primary purpose of identifying and
attracting potential workforce; selection is the process by which
companies decide who will or will not be permitted to work
into organizations.
Weihrich et al, (2008) pointed that many scholars and
managers identified management is supported by a useful and
clear organization of knowledge; whereas planning, organizing,
staffing, leading and controlling are the main function of
management around which knowledge can be organized.
Staffing or personnel management or human resource
management is the function of management that deals with
people related issue and is defined as “Human Resource
management is the process of acquiring, training, appraising,
and compensating employees, and of attending to their labor
relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns” (Dessler &
Varkkey, 2008). Mathis and Jackson (2010) acknowledged that
among all resources humans are the stick that ties the other
resources of the organization.
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Analysis and Findings
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CONCLUSION
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
R. L. Compton
William J. Morrissey,
Alan R. Nankervis,
Bill Morrissey
http://bookboon.com/en/recruitment-and-selection-ebook
SITES
http://www.wnc.ac.uk/Documents/About-Us/Working-Here/Recruitment%20and
%20Selection%20Procedure.pdf
http://www.4children.org.uk/Files/717c411f-1ee6-43be-9c2c-a09b00973da0/2008-
03_Recruitment_Links_2.pdf
http://www.amazon.com/Recruitment-Selection-Gareth-Roberts/dp/1843981173
http://www.amazon.com/Recruitment-Selection-Gareth-Roberts/dp/1843981173
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