0% found this document useful (0 votes)
28 views18 pages

ECE317 L1 Introduction

This document provides an introduction to the ECE317 feedback and control course. It discusses open-loop and closed-loop control systems using examples like toasters, laundry machines, cruise control and temperature control. The goal of the course is to learn the basics of modeling, analyzing and designing feedback control systems using Laplace transforms, block diagrams and tools like Matlab. The course will cover modeling transfer functions, stability analysis, time and frequency response, and design techniques like frequency compensation.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
28 views18 pages

ECE317 L1 Introduction

This document provides an introduction to the ECE317 feedback and control course. It discusses open-loop and closed-loop control systems using examples like toasters, laundry machines, cruise control and temperature control. The goal of the course is to learn the basics of modeling, analyzing and designing feedback control systems using Laplace transforms, block diagrams and tools like Matlab. The course will cover modeling transfer functions, stability analysis, time and frequency response, and design techniques like frequency compensation.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

ECE317 : Feedback and Control

Lecture 1
Introduction

Dr. Richard Tymerski


Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Portland State University

1
Outline
• Introduction of the course
• Automatic control
• Open-loop system and closed-loop system
• Goal of the course

2
What is “Control”?
• Make some object behave as we desire.
• In control engineering, the controlled object is
called system, or plant, or process.
• Imagine “control” around you!
• Room temperature control
• Car driving, bicycle riding
• Voice volume control
• Balance of bank account
• “Control” (move) the position of the pointer
• etc.

3
What is “Automatic Control”?
• Not manual!
• Why do we need automatic control?
• Convenient (room temperature control, laundry
machine)
• Dangerous (hot/cold places, space, bomb removal)
• Impossible for human (nanometer scale precision
positioning, work inside the small space that human
cannot enter, huge antennas control, elevator)
• It exists in nature. (human body temperature control)
• High efficiency (engine fuel-injection control)
• Many examples of automatic control around us

4
Outline
• Introduction of the course
• Automatic control
• Open-loop system and closed-loop system
• Goal of the course

5
Example: Toaster
• A toaster toasts bread, by setting timer.

Setting of timer Toasted bread


Toaster

• A toaster does not measure the color of


bread during the toasting process.
• What happens if your setting is wrong....
• However, a toaster would be more expensive
with:
• Sensors to measure the color, and
• Actuators to adjust the timer based on the
measured color.

6
Example: Laundry machine
• A laundry machine washes clothes, by
setting a program.
Program setting Washed clothes
Machine

• A laundry machine does not measure


how clean the clothes become.
• Control without measuring devices
(sensors) is called open-loop control.

7
Ex: Automobile direction control
• Change the direction of the automobile. Block diagram
Steering
Desired Error wheel Direction
direction
angle
Brain Hand Auto

Eye

• Control with measuring devices (sensors) is called


closed-loop (feedback) control.
• Manual (not-automatic) control

8
Ex: Automobile cruise control
• Maintain the speed of the automobile. Disturbance (wind,
bumpy road, etc.)
Error Acceleration
Desired
speed Speed
Controller Actuator Auto

Sensor
• Cruise control can be both manual and automatic.
• When the controlled system is “Automobile”, input and
output depend on control objectives, and not unique!

9
Ex: Room temperature control
• Maintain the temperature in a room.
Disturbance
Error Heating
Desired switch
temp. state Temperature
Controller Actuator Room

Sensor

• Temperature control can be automatic.


• Note the similarity of the diagram above to the
diagram in the previous slides!

10
Ex: Water level control
• Maintain the water level in a tank.
Disturbance
Error Valve
Desired
level state Water level
Controller Actuator Tank

Sensor

• Water level control can be automatic.


• Other examples : autopilot, catching a ball, etc

11
12
Automatic feedback control systems:
Elements and design objective
Error Disturbance
Reference Input Output
Controller Actuator Plant

Sensor

• Control system design objective is to design a


controller such that the output follows the
reference in a “satisfactory” manner even in the
face of disturbances.

13
Features of feedback control
• Advantage: Strong, or robust, against
• uncertainty
• unpredictable disturbance
• variation of plant etc.
• Disadvantage:
• The action is taken after some undesirable event
happens.
• Stability issues

14
Outline
• Introduction of the course
• Automatic control
• Open-loop system and closed-loop system
• Goal of the course

15
Systematic controller design process
Disturbance
Reference Input Output
Controller Actuator Plant

Sensor

4. Implementation 1. Modeling

Controller Mathematical model


2. Analysis
3. Design
16
Goal of this course
To learn basics of feedback control systems
• Modeling as a transfer function and a block diagram
• Laplace transform (Mathematics!)
• Electrical, mechanical
• Example system: DC-to-DC switching converter
• Analysis
• Stability: Pole Locations, Routh-Hurwitz criterion
• Time response (transient and steady state)
• Frequency response, Bode diagram
• Design
• frequency response technique, Bode diagram
• frequency compensation,
Theory, simulation with Matlab and PECS, practice in laboratories

17
Course roadmap
Modeling Analysis Design
Laplace transform
Stability
Design specs
• Pole locations
Transfer function
• Routh-Hurwitz
Frequency domain
Block Diagram
Time response
Linearization Bode plot
• Transient
• Steady state (error)
Models for systems Compensation
• electrical
Frequency response
• mechanical Design examples
• Bode plot
• example system

Matlab & PECS simulations & laboratories


18

You might also like