INTERNET AND Wes TECHNOLOGY Contents (Uses s-BRacy tnt: ano HTTP PROTOCOL Imes oneagteWHM, Pmsand WOW ol fir roca Raunt na Renponee, od ros nd Web . ner nn : atta % 2 Foaures of Wee 20 Web Design ~ Concepts of efctive wo Sean Wed dos isves Inusng Brower. Bancwith and Cece: Dupayresion: Look and Poa of ts Wee ate, Page Layout and inking. User Cenc Gesign, Siteraap. ne 9K INTRODUCTION ~ CONCEPT OF WWW, INTERNET Paring an pushing webste, Dealgning elect navigation «a6 0 i AND WWW se Basics of HNL. tomvating an os, commenting code clr, Discs in ref the story of WH rt te ie ee ig ha ‘Sut aps, Chr tn, rcs od a sae = Santee Semen en Defnewirm (GR, June 2016 -—bS Bab neal Serer neenreer etn cst misoang | Soe ane aa ae Spee eecnche cee Ser Oh pop wa et Hetgeat oot sat Siar a tne S85 Slang scigig th leer oe sis ieee, Seer Irom ine eed tind ec Som aresii creer eee, accel smegma ea Siriaas 56rd Serta trv ano $n ne Sx, oy Sages oP one Sent SSS eh sitet 1-year ‘alte gl i ear erg ed Sa Sra [Sees Reta ool a oe tis Pweawomvsa” Pi ays Neal Sab comands wan, PHP exam, Conneton te serve creating datsace,clstng’s die Using dlabat, Ising table names, coating a taba, Ison sa aering table, gets, dltig dal 2 fn ible, BH mycin Ans. The term WWW refers to ast of latent protocols and software, which together preset information oa use in format called as hypertext ‘The WWW became popular in mid 1990. Tim Berners-Lee di the primary ‘workin the development of the WWW atthe European Labortoy for Particle Physics (CERN), ‘The orginal motivation forthe development ofthe WWW, lsokown asthe Web, was o ty and improve the CERN'sesearch-Jocument ‘handling and shacing mechanisms. CERN was conpected to the lniemnet for ‘ver two years, but the scientists were finding fr beter ways of eiculting their sent papers ad information among the high-energy physis research word Ina couple of yeas time, Bemers-Lee developed thenecessary software ‘pplication fora hypertext server program, and made i svalable a free ddovenoad onthe lmernet This paved the way forthe popularity ot the Web. ‘This system of hypertext documents called the World Wide Web (WWW), ‘The Web became popular mong the scientific community in a short span of| time, However, the problem with the Web wae the lack of availability of software to reed the documents created ia the hyperest forma, for the senezal public In 1993, Mare Andreessen and his team, atthe University of Minos, “wrote program known as Mosaf. The Mosse could read a document crested sing the hyporest format, and interpret ts contents, so that they could be ‘isplayed on the user's sereen. This program, ltr eae asthe world's frat Web browser, opened the gates ofthe We forthe general public«nto ard We Techeoay oven pane St a cer ad SESE ad Ree eee i (W Graphical and Easy to Navigate ~ One of the best parts of the peel as pee eee aie Pe ae tare sear ain rm awa eaets ystld Rpceiitamiayeatete See eye rene pineal ac aera cman, LTD" ret seo wats i sciena ta <2 Mado you mea by tern? Give bref tory of Interne. ee aes Ast pg ole sc ee tae SRA Tatras er a Sec nee emer saosin pamor cnc en an Eatin aneaatthaee es a — I ecm pn SS aaa age Cee tee Sta a ee Yona and HTTP Protocol vay o connect computers so that the researchers they funded could share (cir ndings, thereby reducing cost and eliminating duplication of efor. In 1967, aan Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) meeting. ARPA peeseaed is ideas for ARPANET, a stall network of connected Computers The idea was that each host computer would be attached to 2 Specialized computer, called an Interface Message Processor (IMP). The IMPS, Jn, would be connected t9 one another Each IMP had to be able 10 Communist wits ote IMPs a well as With is own tached host ‘By 1969, ARPANET wat a realty. Four node, atthe University of Califominat Lo Angles UCLA) the University of California at Sania Barbara {UcSE), Stanford Research Insitute (SRD), and the University of Ua, were connected trough the IMPS to form a network. Software ealed the Network Control Protas (NCP) provided communication between the hosts. In 1972, Vit Cer and Bob Kahn, both of whom were part of the core ARPANET group, collaborated on what the called the nterneting project. ‘Cet ad Kab lndmark 1973 paper otined the protocols to achieve end tocend delivery of packets. This paper on transmission contol procol (TCP) ‘eluded conceps such a encapsulation, the datagram, and the functions of a sew. (Q4. How many pes of Internet connection are available? Describe. (GPW, June 2011) Ans. The different types of Internet connections areas follows — (Dial-up Connections ~The dap acess to Internets popu ‘method becuse tis cheaper For sing this access the computer should have ‘modem to connect tothe phone system and sofware that uses the modem. ‘This software instructs the modem to plae telephone cll to the number provided by the ISP. Another modem answers th cal by giving the connection atthe ISP. ‘Most of the ISPs provide $6 K connection. The 56 K refers to ths speed with which the laformation from the Intemet ean travel down the ‘hone line ito your computer. The connection is established by dling up {0 aspeciic IS. (i) High Speed Connceions ~ High speed connections provide ‘information to uavel quickly. Alot of lnerel services work beter at higher ‘pecs wih his copneson. The ai pea highspeed conections ae at (©) Dita Subsrier Lines (DSL) ~The computer is abeays Sronining ner bs mips mor pray eer Rese sen ee aw ond HTTP Protocol 7 (a Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ~ gg Hoes te Some xnolgy nem fe hares wl commanetion intcationa commutation standard or sendin vice, video, nd dag wn : = Aig tlephone lines or over arma elephone ines Consequontly, «compute can gly mmuncat wth eer computers tached to the sme network As more sod re ongaatons had enh (5. Explain the nerne hierarchy in brie computer networs nthe 1970s, thisbecame x major ne. Compt svar ns The Inne i wore network of computer networks, bets ail side nmin ates an ployee ato ply mone fr canted to form a herachy tht makes very simple wo understand sing compuery connected to different networks. For example Yo pratt ‘peat Fig. shows the diferent par of this here “heuer, heemplayee woul eed o uses compe ts connote oa a * print server. Similar for aecestng a ile on another nctwork, the employee ssstne | do use a computer on that network, sod s0 cm. Ove, tis 8 rsa Tip fete he producti becase people didnot ike to move round fo performing vil sks Remark. an | AB result he conep of uve service came info ting. In simple PAP | pms, it meant tat there was ao dependence onthe underying pial {ecnooey. or on the fact tat here were many separate phys network. Innemtsaree | ke leone network, people wate singe computer network i thie eA | rman user souk be able pit' document or senda message oeny other wc ram his computer, withow esting to we & separate computer on sooner network for these tsk T chive th al computer network should be connected vps. teana that there should bes network of physical | spaate networs Tis fms th bas of Inemetwoking. 127. Discuss how a user get connected tothe Internet using an ISP ? ‘the op there is very high-speed backbone operated by MCI andl Ams. Ausee connects othe Intmet as follows — the oer end there are uses and businesses, Thee ar intarmediate lye (i) Aomeuser dials into an otemet Service Provider (ISP), usually [Network cess Providers (NAP) and Intemet Service providers (ISP)! using a twisted-pilelephone connection using a modem, sho inthe igure, (The ISP in tu, outs the eal toa Network Actess Provid pete] [ewan] totter ‘ig, 11 The Internet Topology aaa. a xa) roreanpl 01 hse oon pesteelonapee a es toting? Why rei Store: comet coop ceases ier se Ee ol ee subseribers of AOL oly For this, AOL setup it network and enabled woes a (R-GRN, Des. 2 fom homes oF ofcs to be comet othe AOL network for af Thus, And When wo or more devices have to be connected for sharing dll two users connaced to AOL could send emails ving AOL" network ane oe ‘esaures or exchanging mestgss, we clit metworkng. When two 2004 email software, Ina sense, AOL was competing withthe Inemnee Howenee, ‘ned tobe connected forthe same purpose, we call it Internetworking) | considering the growih and the popularity of the Internet, AOL destded oy The main reason fr having an Inte is that each compter nese] cooperate with the Intec. This means that anybody connected on ie AO Apache HTTP Se ie Serena erver [version nu ‘nfsare Apache Server Edit the Apache htpdsconf Configuration Wun and HTTP Pretec 29 (0.47. Gine the iffrence benveen IIS and Apache webs Stns. The difernees between IS and Apache web ae as flows TS Web Server “Apache Web Server Tiss devsloped by mirsall | Ajace ie developed by Apache ‘exndaton Apache Tomeat serve is only Wb server Apache server run inser pace aly Apache is eo. Apache Web server i operating sytem independent Apache ean Fu oa alert any OS ncn JUNEX, Apple's OS X, and oa most Linus dstibutons Support from Apache comes fom the community sel ‘Apache Web servers opensource i Apache is Kaown to be ope| rource Beeaue the sourcecode is siabe for eoafiguation as per requirements, its 2 Linux based proce IIS is both Web server and application server TIS server uns n wee space find Keel space Ts is packaged with windows TS Web sever is operating system dependent, runs in Only windows eaviroamen US has x dedicted sta to tnswer tot problems. HIS isnot open source FEATURES OF WEB | EFFECTIVE WEB DESIG! 0.38. Write and explain features of Web 2.2. Ans, Web 2.0 as taken the web world with storm. Web 2.0 fcitates Daatcpairy information sharing, interoperbiiy user-centered design and fllaboraton on the World Wide Web. The tem "Web 2.0" was coined in Tansary 1999 by Darcy DINucs,aconsltanton lecrone information desi. Chae Tead to new innovation in interactions onthe net, We 2.0 acids social aetworking ites, Blogs, Wikis, Video sharing ites, Hosted services fel many oer Web spletonsIhs made the web very Iterative30 frnt and Web Teenoloay AW nt HTTP Pratt 34 Poem te i Some ofthe fests of Web 2.0 inelude — Fig. 18 Use of Colors and Fonts (@ Sarching Funcionality ~ By simply typing @ keyworl) When it comes to the developmen side ofthe website there ae a few key ser cam have acces any infomation. stepes oe taken ito consideration. Fst of al th load tie ape {Sr impor oa he wer ayn he pgs aed edt ete. Thor, (i) Extensions — This software has enabled the web to serve x YT? imPo™ . = : 5 coarser bt ec {ores pe loin, a deeper ul opie ng se application platform as well a she _ scale), concatenate files by appending one to the other, combine code into a. (pinta to Another Word ~Terovgh ie cales splash or lave eta ee HTTP query HM, CSS feb 2, yon ea emmet oa puso iting in he eer ctr eh Scie Uvough compression, Then a deeper mot eens a ‘ord gestae fo mening commaniation rough the wh "OW mobile phones and wets ar exe wed wa nese shad Ieascemible from mulpe devices with mulpeseren sizes In thi sae, {6 Auhering the Website Content - Web 20 alo nabs rappin oath bet arosch Responsive Sogn beac autor web cont cratingopdningconteto a webste Noes CSS maa ues oH eg oneal ent tht oe bal Wik body can sean aa tough gs. |Soponsve il se sh a Bsa Foi (0 Teagng he Comen- Ui fou eed not Aone opt we snare wee ells ha wot on te render and a spe he eng aig 00 tpl deve HIMES C&S, SVG Ca ao TMS wont deca | asym atcapt weave web net ads oft way re “Thuy, Web 20 as revoltinize he World Wie Web by ml > et as sate dena fom care eran a imple network of inked documents. ‘commanication easier, smarter and simpler in many ways. But this is jl, teaming 2 th coming yess wil te tn ‘One the bes practices odo ent nd development te igh way io that wil Sage eae 2 Mee developmen inthis Gl use Moderniar, Modemmzs 8 avaSeit libry that delete HTMLS and “C53 teats in he bree 238, Wie the concepts fr efectve web design FS import ois he hing wa experienc, norman Ans. Good web design Fle needs ofthe users and allows ag ™* PE tare caverns that will make them comeback to the website RE aay og) efat—The coment shoud tthe oir and sos fl he to layout design, some ffesive smi include using clean typeset“ PM sxe casy trea online for example Sans Series te Avan (i) Unable ~The west mst be praca aly manageable ‘ing combinations ool ethace the wereopeence heal {i Desires wan og rand ety gs andor in for batons, contrasting colors forthe tet and beckarpoe ulin of RON sould be wed in. way a ey ise emotion and appreiation oe strcre, designing clickable baton an alowing th "tree aie (Go) Findable ~The cone rst be axes onsite and oft ‘sing psd layouts as shown in fig 18 : :Fe sitet mite wc tn metre ye ya ii om psa ay ho iis ni total ne age snd en oe fe OWE nd ern, Credible Users thst ist the Content (i) €8S~ 1 page is esgned wth Casating Spe Shot (CSS) eee ese a ifthe user browser des nt support GSS, the page loks vey diferent 2 What d you meen by med design issues ? Also ela bry "Gy Sargins and Border Inconstencies~ Display of margins and competi: order may tok dierent on diferent browse, vans, White din i ea sue fort stcces nd infancy rice envionment issues suc a3 browser support, bandwidth - sane eat appa and display resction of the monitor, Lact, 4h Explain in Bri following web design issues — ffalsun decomines he ove appearance ofthe website toa geatereg, —(. Bandwide and cacke (i) Display resolution ‘The website heme, ons raphics and colors seed Be carey cigs (D) Bandhan Cache Bndvidh anda ae sso consieed ‘The psutton of information shoud be cleat and easy to acces ghost para aepetsof weet dein. Les have ifretconnesion temples ae use design advil pes uing rid struct bd di apec,,bandwidh fr accessing websites, is ery ificutto open websies te content or uick view nd easy acess. Design of theses i th to many images on low bandwidth. General srs have no pte o done afr consisting various user requirements and choices to make iy wat rongertime and ove to these without looking at contests a web sex. Website planning is most inpotant activity i preparing an ef ye, Browse provide temporary emery called as cache o tore saphis, ‘eb sig. Navigation ithe most imporan: design element that mal When pages demanded bya browser ois fisting, he images downloaded ‘website clear, consistent, meaningful and understandable. Website de aw soe ntheechesrea of bowsefraspecie tines ere petrencs seonpiies many flea skills and disciplines n the productanWhenext tne te same pei demandithen only HTM esr downlode ‘imeranee of websites. The diferent ats of wel design includes gaan ibebowser usc alh images rom te cs whch irene te downond desi interfce dsan, standard coe, proprietary software and sd ses lgiicany Cache alk plys very impoant olin webpage download engine optimization, The term web design is normaly wsedf9 dese sped caefl tention needs tobe ven whl desing webpae sf at sin proces ela he fond (cents) design oa web ins Othe brome conceed. uname op. Wed dei prily ove wedengnsig ithe) Display Resoun ~ Dis resltion is ache nparant “fectoratetingshe web page design awe donot have ay onl or spy Browser Compatibility Browser compatibility detemined the wet lao ofthe monitr om which weer view Our pages. Display or Steed behaviour on diferent browsing platforms Today the cron a ‘esoltions are mcasied interme of pass and common resolutions ar 00 « (Gv) Selection of Font ~ Some browser does vt spor ll fonts tewseratlnensowlony deo sate Sint 31> Toei eucn coe gon = as a desi sc pudcinta tie, a 24 wil common var future. ‘most monitors are using ro toe ry een Geen’ UAAC 20. See cnton af ala «Te pts owee nyo mona wag ok ee Sot ct pois mast be deseedinscha that canbe Pe 50, Coens ire resolutions, we have three choices for 2x gach ofthe commonly employed browser: Almost hundred different tf — ‘etna coopec age # Ae Eg 9 a a eo ek Sietahoen or pre nto i ei Oster ate oe teags vel. The browser compatibility issues areas follows ® fixed to use 1024 * 786 pixels it will nt fit into the screen having 800 « 600 © HTML Tage — Toe diferes — i pee rt a (pe on Ta i is SSme HTML tg ina diferent way, Difece ees mL btos. We pag dived ino ee clunos wih mille caluna having J eatly a InterpretIrtomet and Web Toeneloa” F ecient se west gas i san ae 3 cept ogee Shogo doen datas) omy ea ime inner ost Ca ee ta nae gaan te 1S. nd oe ma trogen cevarpoe iene hdr mad eed ee Ean ome on eg Cn we es ade hl seme tesa mee a wn the serecn leaving emul space on bth the sides ofthe page Web ste with good content bu improper color scheme does aot ie nd ctw scans it at wien Ei 20 60 rn" ata cbs ea dire ate of 6 Se Mi we nn, an, nd an enh tc doped ng he rt ics ple ea oe ‘modi and accordingly the colrs shouldbe chosen, (1) For the papi a color sehomes, hep of graphics and at ssgners is equited to give the website commercial nd profesional och. (042. Esplin in brief — (ii) Page Layout and Linking — Website conse of individu, (© Look and feel (i) Page layout and linking. \WebPagetistar liked togetherusing various navigational inks, Page ayout “dns (Look and Fel - Look ad fee decides the overall appa dens the vis strutire of the ge and vies the page ae into dierent ‘fa mths ides ll the design aspects suchas website theme ¢ part fo preset the information of varying importance Pape yout allows the SIpowanin phe, vial suc aves ete, During website dy Seine sibutethe conten page sch hat visor ca view easly the website look and fel needs oe given special focus because it iihg and find necessary details While designing the page Iyout designers! Poctter which is oncemed wth every ipe of dynamic usr MINE shuld esp flowing pnts omg ‘Soap i very inporantisue and inclodes diferent aspects ike (a) While dsibuting the cntnt i yo, bales bstneen Songer ce es et aad pac eh pe my sh em Se pe ofviewasthey exes the sucess well as motion. Consider the fi (0) HIME tabs elma ob ed i hn pi ord ‘mporant points wile choo ace Points while choosing the typeftce for your Website = (©) Complex layout can be designed with nested bles and CSS. (@)itferent fonts have diferent readability and itr 28 (6) Page layout is ale called he page temple, Readymade the user psychology “templates ate also avaiable onthe Interet which canbe dicey used to (6) Maintain consistency inusing the font type and size. DY design pages quickly. 2 00 mays wi too many Un CSS ap a gg) Late ems on Pe wi ren mpruns ‘onsineny est the ne teen on porn ems | faintain consistency among the layout of the pages such (6) Consiter he Waiabity Of ont vistors machine that it creates Cohen , rate b yo ore nin in wie tema com sno cea fot tne ow oan 48. Write shor note on ser centric design and somap “AmsUser Centre Design svar iit or web designe pris the Chat behaviour ofthe webate ne. However, Hea soot beau of ‘nmon ue hepa making desig oe webs wer ceri Uses ee tomaton 2S ak he wb te strane and envy HM ination he eb a it scion fi ina on; inching ings, charts and many others. "eadthe information to get the etl the information provided or reading, (O Ditteren ile formats suppor dre evele ofeamid le an olive apie o news pope ste, then use’ genet nd other features. JPG, GIF, PNG ate popular image formats Feading habit gives the idea of how to organize such information, People (@ Height and width of ame characteris itferent indi font. This affect line endings and paragraph boundaries.etna od 8 Tc eget opciones ll Site and which are yt 1 e vite = a : »vide the link to different sections of webg 3 Ce ines pvt Sem Ee ser no nemesis el Sr Seite aberntictebprta See malin ont ea Caen Tt Ou ceva eed srbtces tee Ae ri clo rece Sere incr renee Sea Sri oli en an foes oe Sierra a oa a directly. At any time user ‘sitemap’ link from the current page and using) cree eee sormaly read fom let (0.44 Wite process for Web planning. | rs The mot ipo tyin a webs developmen To thos ig succes of he nba ines of we stchon Planing nesded Deis west loping websted a ‘perio och as- Wy are we despa hi web, Wh doe By developing his wea, Who ue the pole ma wil se hal seh mation contents, How ae tne cont raed seth ple nny, Howth is propel ae ermine: Carel te ave qetons la 10 tr ptming and tas ‘ces website planning. These steps can a any specifc ype of website P5 can be applied in same mar Wow ana HITE Proto! 37 “The steps in the Web planning process areas follows — @)_ Objective and Goat—There ie always an objective behind every esivity and same i the case with website development Many a times the Soceess rate ofthe website decreases and desired resus re nt achieved ecause of unclear objectives or purpose, If objective for developing wee fh eler, rest of the steps in planning will become easier, The websites are (veloped for diferent reasos. I maybe to provide information and ber {evviees to custome t0 update the members ina consi, to make cea [ae of government rules and regulations to ncrease the sel oto mabe he business online. Once the objective clear, the ater activites in planing romain focused around it. Goal means the achievement from the website “evelopment. The kindof boneft an individual or an orgmizton get rota it is called value adition. If site is developed to provie information tthe hrs, the goa should be use stiefaction in terms of ting timely and acura intonation, 1 i business website, goal is to inereas in the sel. Bath bijective and goal ofthe website development shouldbe clear and in wel ‘documented foem. tis also important to define th quantifiable measures © Find the sosess of the website (i) User Profile/Audience ~ Next scp in website planning isto “identity the target audience’, ic. the people for wham the website i 0 be eveloped. Its very important to know about their background, educational ‘qualification, gender, age, kings and preferences, Even user profile affects the website desig eg, children websites must includes ertons and graphics With colors, For continuous improvement, feedback form is designed to get thei quirements and views about the sie, This feedback canbe used to improve the overall appearance of the site, presentation ofthe content and navigation styles, (ity Ldenaying and Organtzing Content ~The basic obestive F = any website isto provide the informatio in one or ether form Such 8 text, image, audio, vdeo, veous formset. othe target audience. This information focms the contents ofthe website. The content shoud be unambignos, cle Spellchecked, precise, accurate, relevant, recent and mtchingto sit objective Te sould be well organized and mst ull the information need ofthe uses nce the information sented and callected the nex important activity is 'o prepare storyboard that inludes the page lout, their Topical groupings and the navigation choices. Ether paper based approach is ured or We can se the flowchart software to prepare it We ean also use particular structre epending ypon the contents, user needs and navigation choices‘a8 tomato Web TchaoOY btshing, (GRY June 2014, 9, 4. ite proces for He = ishing (HGP, Dee. 2016, May 29, lishing process ate as fllows ve. -Fining» purpose fora We Siting ef an any common peony eT eh ae ey sel mg acon a heh se come of them ae ete Sao pt 2 are, presen, promotion, ath ooking Tani clveatn Some nes Panis ore apelin wl phe whee hey Was ‘Wher doing cota eign sem, imagine sey ee forthe 9 din wh ou br Fe onthosit a in geo portal nts own right. Once ser has Seite ame mgr in sown on Onc se hs ial" "Lar, complex Wb sity fen rie oa temp and ite inde: ‘This page is now hee neta, hc cmap fresh easy ad encanto vi 56. Discuss ste index bypasses the bierreyand faites known-stem finding For sal 254 Dac te eplenentl agin Gen] ses, he inden maybe suet ins. Supplemental navigati as nvigation systems ingle sitemaps, indeest _AMSHor challenge in indexing a We site involves the eve of granary, ‘es, These are extemal to the base hierarchy of « Web site and pt 22.22% index Web pages ? Do you index individual paragraphs © Conse ‘complementary ways of finding content wad ta Sb pages? 25 of finding content and completing tas represented on We pages ? Or do onde ols of Web ages? Sitemaps ~ Ina hook —- Inamay case, the anger may be all the ov. Pts amare valuable few kee feat sueton i= What terms are ters og lok fo? The answers should an {hide the index design. To nd hoseaewers younedio now our anise rarer ot yal lr ai ot dwar nnd fo saan me teers Ew rin gage 8 ge unt conta in uy oy alan ah os nna we ‘eels and highways or trying to find , es: are driving through a net" There are two very different ways to create a site index. For; ‘small Web teeny oar torte inabusy spot. sts you can stp crt te nee manly wing noe of Be th aay and abl a tlc tne dene a wih ik ee shor, but sitemap sounds ns thought the TOC Tbs centralized, manual approach resi in 8 one-step index esome da ema 4nd Sevier and les ierchica #17 In conta on arg sie with bie comment mage mY | ke sense to use controlled vocabulary indering at the document evel to