Exercise 2.
Question: 1 Find the value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3 at
(i). x = 0
(ii). x = -1
(iii). x = 2
T IO S
Ans. :
I
P(x) = 5x – 4x2 + 3
NO A D
CO N
Now p(a) will mean replacing the variable with the value that is put in
A
the bracket.
PY
DO U A
p (0) = 5(0) - 4(0)2 + 3
T
p(0) = 0 - 0 + 3p(0) = 3
ED PR
(ii). P(x) = 5x – 4x2 + 3
C
©
Now p(a) will mean replacing the variable with the value that is put in
bracket.
p (-1) = 5(-1) - 4(-1)2 + 3
p(- 1) = - 5 - 4 + 3
p(- 1) = - 9 + 3p(- 1) = - 6
(iii) p(x) = 5x - 4𝑥 2 + 3
Now p(a) will mean replacing the variable with the value that is put in
the bracket.p (2) = 5(2) - 4(2)2 + 3
p(2) = 10 – 16 + 3
p(2) = - 6 + 3p(2) = - 3
Question: 2 Find p(0), p(1) and p(2) for each of the following
polynomials:
(i) p(y) = 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + 1
(ii) p(t) = 2 + t + 2𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3
(iii) p(x)= 𝑥 3
(iv) p(x) = (x-1) (x+1)
Ans.:
T IO S
(i) p(y) = 𝑦 2 − 𝑦 + 1
I
NO A D
P(0) = (0)2 − (0) + 1 = 1
CO N
A
P(1) = (1)2 − (1) + 1 = 1
PY
DO U A
P(2) = (2)2 − (2) + 1 = 3
T
ED PR
(ii) p(t) = 2 + t + 2𝑡 2 − 𝑡 3
C
P(0) = 2 + 0 + 2(0)2 − (0)3 = 2
©
P(1) = 2 + (1) + 2(1)2 − (1)3
=2+1+2–1=4
p (2) = 2 + 2 + 2(2)2 − (2)3
=2+2+8-8 =4
(iii) p(x) = 𝑥 3
p(0) = (0)3 = 0
p(2) = (2)3 = 8
(iv) p(x) = (x-1) (x+1)
p(0) = (0 – 1) ( 0 +1) = (-1) (1) = -1
p(1) = ( 1 -1) ( 1 + 1 ) = 0 (2) = 0
p(2) = ( 2 – 1 ) (2 +1) = 1 (3) = 3
Question: 3 Verify whether the following are zeroes of the polynomial,
indicated against them.
(i) p (x) = 3x+1 , x = - 1/3
T IO S
(ii) p (x) = 5x - 𝜋 , x = 4/5
I
NO A D
(iii) p (x) = 𝑥 2 - 1 , x = 1 ,-1
CO N
A
(iv) p (x) = (x+1) (x-2) , x = - 1 , 2
PY
DO U A
(v) p (x) = 𝑥 2 , x = 0
T
𝑚
ED PR
(vi) p (x) = lx +m, = -
𝑙
−1 2
(vii) p (x) = 3𝑥 2 - 1 , x = ,
C
√3 √3
©
1
(viii) p (x) = 2x+1 , x =
2
Ans.:
For any value of x, say a, to be a zero of polynomial p(a) = 0
Keeping that in mind, (i) Here p(x)= 3x + 1 , for x = -1/3
−1 −1
𝑝( ) = 3 × +1
3 3
−1
𝑝 ( ) = -1 + 1
3
−1
𝑝( ) = 0
3
Therefore, x = –1/3 is a zero of polynomial p(x) = 3x + 1
(ii) here p(x) = 5x – 𝜋, for x = 4/5,
4 4
p( ) = 5( )- 𝜋 = 4 - 𝜋
5 5
4
Since, p( ) ≠ 0
5
4
Therefore, x = is not a zero of polynomial p(x) = 5x – π
5
(iii) If x = 1 and x = -1 are zeros of polynomial p(x) = x2 - 1 then p (1)
T IO S
and p (-1) should be 0
I
NO A D
At, p (1) = (1)2 – 1 = 0 and,
CO N
A
At, p (-1) = (-1)2 – 1 = 0
PY
Hence, x = 1 and -1 are zeros of polynomial p (x) = x2 – 1
DO U A
T
ED PR
(iv) If x = -1 and x = 2 are zeros of polynomial p(x) = (x + 1) (x – 2)
then p (-1) and p (2) should be 0
C
©
At, p (-1) = (-1 + 1) (- 1 – 2) = 0 (-3) = 0 and,
At, p(2) = (2 + 1) (2 – 2) = 3 (0) = 0
Hence, x = -1 and x = 2 are zeros of polynomial p (x) = (x + 1) (x – 2)
(v) If x = 0 is a zero of polynomial p (x) = x2
Then, p (0) should be zero
Here, p (0) = (0)2 = 0
Hence, x = 0 is the zero of the polynomial p (x) = x2
−𝑚 −𝑚
(vi). If x = is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = lx + m then p ( )
𝑙 𝑙
should be 0
−𝑚 −𝑚
p( )=l( )+m
𝑙 𝑙
=-m+m
=0
−𝑚
Therefore, x = is the zero of the polynomial p(x) = l x + m.
𝑙
−1 2
(vii) If x = and x = are zeros of the polynomial p(x) = 3𝑥 2 − 1,
√3 √3
−1 2
then p( ) and p( ) should be 0
T IO S
√3 √3
−1 2
I
−1
At, p ( ) = 3( ) - 1
NO A D √3 √3
CO N
1
A
=3( ) -1
3
PY
= 1 -1 = 0 and,
DO U A
2 2 2
T
At, p( ) = 3( ) -1
√3 √3
ED PR
4
= 3( ) − 1
3
= 4-1 = 3
C
©
−1
Therefore x = ( )is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = 3𝑥 2 + 1
√3
2
But, x = is not a zero of the polynomial.
√3
1
(viii) If x = is a zero of polynomial p (x) = 2x + 1 then p(1/2) should be
2
zero
1 1
At, p( ) = 2 ( ) + 1
2 2
=1+1=2
1
Therefore, x = is not a zero of given polynomial p(x) = 2x + 1.
2
Question: 4 Find the zero of the polynomial in each of the following
cases:
(i) p(x) = x + 5
(ii) p(x) = x - 5
(iii) p(x) = 2x + 5
(iv) p(x) = 3x -2
(v) p(x) = 3x
(vi) p(x) = ax, a≠ 0
(vii) p(x) = cx + d, c ≠ 0, c, d are real numbers.
T IO S
Ans. :
I
Zero of a polynomial means the value of the variable at which the
NO A D
polynomial becomes zero.
CO N
A
For example for a polynomial f(x), zeroes of f(x) means the values of x at
PY
which f(x) = 0Let f(x) = x + 2, so it can clearly be seen that if you put x =
DO U A
- 2, then f(x) = 0. (i)
T
ED PR
p (x) = x + 5
p (x) = 0
x+5=0
C
x = -5
©
Therefore, x = -5 is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = x + 5
(ii). p (x) = x – 5
p (x) = 0
x–5=0
x=5
Therefore, x = 5 is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = x - 5
(iii) p (x) = 2x + 5
P (x) = 0
2x + 5 = 0
2x = -5
−5
x=
2
−5
Therefore, x = is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = 2x + 5
2
(iv) p (x) = 3x – 2
p (x) = 0
3x – 2 = 0
2
x=
T IO S
3
2
Therefore, x = is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = 3x - 2
I
3
NO A D
CO N
A
(v) p (x) = 3 x
p (x) = 0
PY
DO U A
3x = 0
T
x=0
ED PR
Therefore, x = 0 is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = 3x
C
©
(vi) p (x) = ax
p (x) = 0
ax = 0
x=0
Therefore, x = 0 is a zero of the polynomial p(x) = ax.
(vii) p (x) = cx + d
p (x) = 0
cx + d = 0
𝑑
x= -
𝑐
𝑑
Therefore, x = - is a zero of polynomial p (x) = cx + d
𝑐
