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The document discusses the central processing unit (CPU), which is the main component of a computer system that interprets and carries out instructions. The CPU consists of a control unit that directs other components and an arithmetic logic unit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The CPU fetches data from memory, decodes and executes the instructions, and stores the results back in memory.

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7 views24 pages

Topic 2

The document discusses the central processing unit (CPU), which is the main component of a computer system that interprets and carries out instructions. The CPU consists of a control unit that directs other components and an arithmetic logic unit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The CPU fetches data from memory, decodes and executes the instructions, and stores the results back in memory.

Uploaded by

fadiah86
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CDCT2203

Information Technology &


Environment

TOPIC

CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT (CPU)
02 Objectives:

By the end of this topic, you should be able to:


• Explain what is a CPU and memory;
• Define data representation and coding scheme; and
• State various tools and hardware inside the system
unit
02 Introduction

• What is computer system?

A computer system combination of hardware


and software

Hardware Software

The physical manifestation Consist of the program


of the computer that command the
hardware
Central Processing Unit
02 (CPU)

What is CPU?
Central Processing Unit
02 (CPU)
02
Central Processing Unit
02 (CPU)
Central Processing Unit
02 (CPU)

What is CPU?
It is collection of complex electrical circuits
containing thousands or million of transistors,
Placed or installed over an integrated circuit.

• Also called the processor, interprets and carries out basic


instructions that control the operations of any machine in
which it is installed in
• Significantly impacts overall computing power and manages
most of the computer’s operations
• The integrated circuit is also called a chip/ microchip, because
all the transistors are designed or placed on a very
small silicon chip
02 Functions of CPU

• The function of a CPU is to execute the stored software


instructions, turning data into information
• These instructions are executed in machine language
02 Functions of CPU

There are TWO sections in CPU:


• Control Unit (CU) and
• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
02 Control Unit (CU)

• Like a “human brain”


• Informs the entire computer on how to execute
program

Directs others Controls and


Functions of
units/sections to coordinates all
Control Unit
execute instruction computer activities

Directs Data
Movements
between memory
and I/O devices
02 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

• ALU executes two types of operations.

ALU

Basic arithmetic Logical operation


operation

Arithmetic operations: Logical operations:


+, -, *, / AND, OR and NOT

Compares operations:
=,<, >
02 How CPU Works?
02 How CPU Works?

1 Fetch data from


memory
2 Decode the data

3 Execute data
(arithmetic and logical
operation)
4 Store data;
Permanently – hard disc
Temporary – memory
02 Memory

• The memory is separated from the CPU.


• Data and instruction need to be present inside
memory first
• Holds the data and instructions temporary.
02 Types of Memory
Compleme • Provides flexibility and
expandability to the computer.
ntary Metal • contains important information
Oxide that required the every time the
Semicondu computer system started
• Eg: time and date
ctor
(CMOS)

• A program that is loaded in the


factory
• 4 types of ROM
Read Only • PROM
Memory • EPROM
(ROM) • EEPROM
• Flash Memory

• Stores the programs and data


being processed by CPU
Random • 2 types of RAM:
Access • DRAM – Holds data in
Memory dynamic manner (data not
stored continuously)
(RAM) • SRAM – holds data
continuously (as long as
there is electricity)
16
02 Data Representation

• The numbering system used by computers are the


binary numbers
• It is called binary digit (bit);
• Bit represent zero (0) and one (1)
02 Coding Scheme

Code Definition
American Standard These code represent text in computers,
Code for Information communication equipment and other
Interchange (ASCII) devices that use text

Extended Binary Coded An 8-bit character encoding that is usually


Decimal Interchange used in IBM mainframe operating system
Code (EBCDIC) and IBM computer

Unicode A 16-bit code invented to cater for the need


of international language and Japanese
02 System Unit

• A hardware unit or space where the processor,


memory chips, ports, buses, additional slots, board
and other electrical components are located.
02 System Unit

Power Supply
Read Only
Memory Chip

Motherboard
Slot and Expansion Personal Computer
Slot Memory Card

Port 20
Check Your Understanding
02 (CYU)

Q1: What is type of storage that is use internet services to


store data?

A. Hard disk
B. Thumb drive
C. Cloud storage
Check Your Understanding
02 (CYU)

Q2: Which of the following is CORRECT about secondary


data?

A. Non-volatile, data remain when computer off


B. Volatile, data lost when computer off
C. Non-volatile, data lost when computer on
Check Your Understanding
02 (CYU)

Q3: CD-ROM, DVD are examples of __________.

A. Optical storage
B. Magnetic storage
C. Flash storage
Check Your Understanding
02 (CYU)

Q4: Mp3 music file and photos used of jpeg format are
produced from the techniques of ____________.

A. Lossless compression
B. Lossy compression

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