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Rules of Inference

This document outlines an agenda for a logic class that includes: 1. Applying rules of inference to validate logical propositions 2. Identifying tautologies and logical equivalence 3. Comparing logical equivalence using truth tables and proofs The schedule includes a session on rules of inference, an assessment, and sessions on logical equivalence using truth tables and proofs. The document then provides examples of arguments and asks the student to state the rule of inference for each. It concludes by asking the student to use truth tables to show that two statements are logically equivalent.

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85 views36 pages

Rules of Inference

This document outlines an agenda for a logic class that includes: 1. Applying rules of inference to validate logical propositions 2. Identifying tautologies and logical equivalence 3. Comparing logical equivalence using truth tables and proofs The schedule includes a session on rules of inference, an assessment, and sessions on logical equivalence using truth tables and proofs. The document then provides examples of arguments and asks the student to state the rule of inference for each. It concludes by asking the student to use truth tables to show that two statements are logically equivalent.

Uploaded by

jack
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Apply Rules of Inference to validate logic


propositions
2. Identify different tautologies and logical
equivalence
3. Compare logical equivalence using the
truth table and proofs.
10:30 – 11:30 – Rules of Inference
11:30 – 12:30 – Assessment Task (Breal out
Room)
12:30 – 12:45 – Logical Equivalence using
truth table
12:45 – 1:30 – Logical Equivalence using
proofs
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

1. It is below freezing now. Therefore, it is either below freezing or raining now.

p: It is below freezing now.


q: It is raining now.

𝒑
Answer: add
∴𝒑∨ 𝒒
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

2. It
is below freezing and raining now. Therefore, it is below freezing
now.

p: It is below freezing
q: It is raining now

𝒑^𝒒
Answer: Simplification
∴𝒑
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

3. If it rains today, then we will not have a barbecue today. If we do not have a barbecue today, then we
will have a barbecue tomorrow. Therefore, if it rains today, then we will have a barbecue tomorrow.
p: It rains today.
q: We will have barbecue today.
r: We will have barbecue tomorrow.

𝒑→~𝒒
~𝒒 →𝒓
Answer: Hypothetical sylloginism
∴𝒑→𝒓
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

1. He studies very hard . Therefore, Either he studies very hard or he is


a very bad student.
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

2. He studies very hard and he is the best boy in the


class. Therefore, He studies very hard.
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

3. If you have a password, then you can log


on to facebook. You have a password.
Therefore, You can log on to facebook.
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

4. If you have a password, then you can log on to


facebook. You cannot log on to facebook.
Therefore, you do not have a password.
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

5. "The ice cream is not vanilla flavored“.

"The ice cream is either vanilla flavored or


chocolate flavored“.

Therefore − "The ice cream is chocolate


flavored”.
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

6. "If it rains, I shall not go to school”.

"If I don't go to school, I won't need to do


homework“.

Therefore − "If it rains, I won't need to do


homework“.
State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

7. “If it rains, I will take a leave”.

“If it is hot outside, I will go for a shower”.

“Either it will rain or it is hot outside”,

Therefore − "I will take a leave or I will go for a shower"


State which rule of inference is the basis of the following arguments:

8. “If it rains, I will take a leave”.

“If it is hot outside, I will go for a shower”.

“Either I will not take a leave or I will not go for a shower”.

Therefore − "Either it does not rain or it is not hot outside“.


The compound propositions p & q are
logically equivalent if p↔q is a tautology.

The notation p≡q denotes


that p and q are logically equivalent.
DEMORGAN’S LAW
Show that the following are logically equivalent by developing a series of logical equivalences.

~(𝐩 → 𝒒) ≡ ~(~p v q)

p q 𝐩 → 𝒒 ~(𝐩 → 𝒒) ~p ~p v q ~(~p v q)
T T T F F T F
T F F T F F T
F T T F T T F
F F T F T T F
Show that the following are logically equivalent by developing a series of logical equivalences.

~(𝐩 → 𝒒) ≡ ~(~p v q)

p q 𝐩 → 𝒒 ~(𝐩 → 𝒒) ~p ~p v q ~(~p v q)
T T T F F T F
T F F T F F T
F T T F T T F
F F T F T T F
Show that the following are logically equivalent by
developing a series of logical equivalences.
Show that the following are logically equivalent by
developing a series of logical equivalences.

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