‫‪------‬ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﻓﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ‪ ،24‬ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ‪ ،5‬ﺹ‪------2013 ،98-91‬‬

‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻫﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل‬
‫‪E-mail: [email protected]‬‬

‫)ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻼﻡ ‪ 2013 / 1 / 9‬؛ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻭل ‪(2013 / 4 / 8‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﺎﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺌﻁ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻭﺍﺌﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ integrated circuits‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺭﻴﺔ ‪ microprocessors‬ﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﻤﺼﺒﺎﺤﹰﺎ ﻫﺎﻟﻭﺠﻴﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻪ ﻤﺼﺩﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﻀﻭﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﺕ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل‬
‫ﻤﺘﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﻭﻟﻜﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﻌﺕ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﺒﻁﺄ ﺨﻼل ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﻀﺕ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺃﺒﻁﺄ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﺕ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﻟﻪ‪ :‬ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫‪Using Heat Sinks in Thermal Cooling Solar Cells and its Effect on Cell‬‬
‫‪Performance‬‬
‫‪Huda M. Abd Al-Qader‬‬
‫‪Department of Physics‬‬
‫‪College of Science‬‬
‫‪University of Mosul‬‬
‫‪ABSTRACT‬‬
‫‪In this research, a heat sink which is normally used to cool electronic devices,‬‬
‫‪integrated circuits and microprocessors, is used to cool a solar cell and study the effect of‬‬
‫‪this cooling method on solar cell temperature and performance. We use a halogen lamb as a‬‬
‫‪light and heat source. The results show that when solar cell temperature increases, the open‬‬
‫‪circuit voltage of solar cell decreases rapidly, but when we use the heat sink, the‬‬
‫‪temperature increases slower at the same time of duration therefore the open circuit voltage‬‬
‫‪91‬‬
 ‫ﻫﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪92‬‬

‫‪decreases slower than the first case. This means that the solar cell will work at a higher‬‬
‫‪efficiency under the same condition.‬‬

‫‪Keywords: Cooling of solar Cell, heat Sink, thermal compound.‬‬

‫ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻴُﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﺭﻋﺎ" ﻤﻥ ﻓﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻬﺩﻑ ﻹﻴﺠﺎﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﺴﺎﻡ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻷﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺅﺜﺭ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺠﺩﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺨﺭﺍﺝ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﻭﻀﻭﺌﻴﺔ )‪ .(Huang et al., 2011‬ﺇﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻐﻠﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ )ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ( ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻀﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻨﺴﺒﻴﺎ" ﺃﻭ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﺭﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻓﻭﻕ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺩ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻜﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻌﺎ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ )‪.(Tong, 2011) (heat sink‬‬
‫ﺘﻭﺠـﺩ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺤـﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻭﺡ ﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫)ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﺤﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁ ﺜﺎﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ( ﻓﺎﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﺌﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺒﺴﺎﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻁﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺸﻜل ﻭﺍﺴﻊ ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﺀﺍ" ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‪ .‬ﻤﺯﺍﻴﺎ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺒﺎﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﻫﻭ ﺠﺎﻫﺯﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭﻩ‬
‫ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺨـﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻤﺜـــل ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤـﺎﺱ ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﺠـﺩﺍ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻫﻭ‬
‫ﺒﻁﻲﺀ ﺠـﺩﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘـﻙ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴـﻭﻡ ﻫــﻭ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ )‪ (200 W/m °C‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻟﻲ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ )‪ (0.2 W/m °C‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺴﺭﻱ ﺃﻟﻑ ﻤﺭﺓ ﺃﺴﺭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺴﺘﻙ‪(Vlachopoulos and Strutt, 2002) .‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍ"ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺒﺎﻟﺘـﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ )‪،(Nelson, 2003‬‬
‫)‪.(Jha, 2010‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ‪ Voc‬ﺘﻘل ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ‪Tc‬‬
‫ﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺘﺄﺜﺭ ﺒﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ‪ Voc‬ﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﻟﻪ ﻟﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺸﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Voc= f(S,Tc‬‬ ‫)‪……………………..(1‬‬
‫‪93‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ‪.........‬‬

‫ﺤﻴﺙ ‪ Tc‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺒـ ‪ °C‬ﻭ‪ S‬ﺍﻹﺸﻌﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻲ ﺒـ ‪W/m2‬‬

‫ﻭﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﺅﺨﺫ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ‪Ttop‬‬
‫ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ‪ Tbottom‬ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ )‪: (Huang et al., 2011‬‬

‫‪Tc = Tav = (Ttop+Tbottom)/2‬‬ ‫)‪……………………. (2‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﻤﺜل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﹰﺓ ﻭﻟﻡ ﻨﻘﻡ ﺒﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻟﻠﺴﻁﺢ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺓ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺴﺨﻭﻨﺘﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻥ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻬﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻗﻁﻌﺔ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻴﻭﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻘـﻭﻡ ﺒﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺜـﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ‪ .‬ﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺠﺏ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻤﺘﻼﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﻟﻜﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻻ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﻷﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺴﻁﺢ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺼﻘﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﻤﺎﻤﺎ ﺇﺫ ﻴﻭﺠﺩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ‬
‫ﻼ ﺠﻴﺩﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺘﺭﻯ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺭﺩﺓ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻻ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻨﺎﻗ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎل ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻤلﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺅﻤﻥ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺘﻼﻤﺱ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻭ ﻴﺅﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻨﻘل ﺃﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻭ ﻴﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺨﻔﺽ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﻠﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﺃﻤﻥ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻤﺘﺼﺎﺼﹰﺎ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﻭﺯﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺃﻜﺜﺭ‪ .‬ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻨﻘل‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻲ )ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ( ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻭﺸﺩﺓ ﺼﻘل ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﻤﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﻠﻌﺒﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ًﻤﻬﻤﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻭﻤﻨﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ‪ .‬ﻓﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺘﺨﺘﻠﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻗﺩﺭﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺒﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺘﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻲ ﺒﺤﺜﻨﺎ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻷﻜﺜﺭ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎ ﹰ‬
‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﺴﻌﺭﻩ ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭﻩ ﺒﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﻭﺨﻔﺔ ﻭﺯﻨﻪ ﻭﺴﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺘﺸﻜﻴﻠﻪ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻟﻤﻨﻴﻭﻡ ) ‪237‬‬
‫‪.( Lienhard IV and Lienhard V, 2008 ) (W/m.K‬‬
‫ﺫﻜﺭﻨﺎ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﺎﻨﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻴﻘﻭﻡ ﺒﻤلﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻴﺅﻤﻥ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻨﻘل ﺃﻤﺜل ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﻤﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ‬
 ‫ﻫﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪94‬‬

‫ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻤﻌﺩل ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻨﻘل ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺨﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻭﺩﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺤﺘﻰ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻭﺼل ﺠﻴﺩ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﺃﺒﻴﺽ ﻤﺜل ﻟﻭﻥ ﺒﻭﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺭﺍﻤﻴﻙ ﻭﻴﺘﻤﻴﺯ ﺒﻘﺩﺭﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺼﺎﻕ ﻭ ﻴﺤﺎﻓﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﻤﺎﺴﻜﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭ ﻻ ﻴﺠﻑ ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻴﺘﻔﺘﺕ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻭﺼل ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺘﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ‪ k‬ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ‪Seebeck‬‬
‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻡ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺃﻜﺘﺸﻑ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﺴﻠﻜﻴﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ‬
‫ﻴﻭﻟﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﺭﻗﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺃﻁﺭﺍﻓﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫)‪ (mV‬ﺍﻟﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪ .(Theraja, 2009‬ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (1‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻌﺩ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﻤﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻟﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ‪ :1‬ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺘﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻜﻭﻨﻴﺔ )‪ (Si‬ﻤﺭﺒﻭﻁﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻭل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﻭﺤﹰﺎ ﺸﻤﺴﻴﹰﺎ ﻤﺴﺘﻁﻴل ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﻤﺴﺎﺤﺘﻪ )‪ (10.5*9.5 cm‬ﻭﺴﻤﻜﻬﺎ )‪ (0.3 cm‬ﻭﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺒﺎﺡ ﻫﺎﻟﻭﺠﻴﻨﻲ ﺫﻱ ﺸﺩﻩ )‪ (500 W/m2‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ )‪ (50 cm‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺒل ﻟﻠﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
‫‪95‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ‪.........‬‬

‫ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻟﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻀﻭﺌﻲ ﻭﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺭﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺘﺩﺭﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﻡ ﺭﺒﻁ ﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺯﺩﻭﺝ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ )‪ (type k-thermocouple‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﺘﻤﺕ ﻤﺘﺎﺒﻌﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺭﺠﻲ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﻭﻀﻊ ﺠﻬﺎﺯ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﻤﺤﺭﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻌﺩ )‪(90 cm‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺒﻁ ﻁﺭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺨﻁﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻗﻴﻡ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ‪ Voc‬ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻜل ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﻭﻟﻤﺩﺓ ‪ 20‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﻟﺤﻅﺔ ﺘﺸﻐﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻀﻭﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪.(1‬‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻴﺎ"‪ :‬ﺘﻡ ﺘﺜﺒﻴﺕ ﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﺼﻨﻊ ﺨﺼﻴﺼﺎ" ﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﻭﺏ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﻤﻊ ﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﻤﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺴﺎﺕ )ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ(‪ .‬ﺘﻡ ﻭﻀﻊ ﻤﻌﺠﻭﻥ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ‬
‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺃﻓﻀل ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎل ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﻏﺎﺕ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺘﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺴﺠﻴل ﻗﻴﻡ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ‪ Voc‬ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻭﻻ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻭﻜﻤﺎ ﻤﻭﻀﺢ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ .(2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (2‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺖ اﻟﺤﺮاري‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ‪ :2‬ﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬

 ‫ﻫﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪96‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :1‬ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ )‪(min‬‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ)‪(V‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ) ‪( ° C‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪6.55‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6.31‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6.13‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6.01‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪5.93‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪5.87‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪5.83‬‬ ‫‪34.5‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪5.80‬‬ ‫‪36.5‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪5.78‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪5.76‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ‪ :2‬ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ )‪(min‬‬ ‫ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ)‪(V‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪( ° C‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪6.67‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6.57‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪6.50‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪6.45‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪6.40‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪6.35‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪6.31‬‬ ‫‪18.2‬‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪6.28‬‬ ‫‪18.3‬‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪6.27‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪6.20‬‬ ‫‪21.1‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ‪ :3‬ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫‪97‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻼﻴﺎ‪.........‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ‪ :4‬ﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (3‬ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺴﺭﻴﻊ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻﺯﺩﻴﺎﺩ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺴﺭﻴﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (2‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (3‬ﻓﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻨﺨﻔﺎﺽ‬
‫ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﺒﻁﺄ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻁﻲﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺩﺍﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (4‬ﻓﻨﻼﺤﻅ ﺃﻥ ﻤﻘﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﺃﻗل ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻤﻨﻪ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﺩﻡ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻼﺤﻅﺘﻪ ﺒﺎﻟﺭﺠﻭﻉ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل )‪ (3‬ﻭﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺒﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻋﻨﺩ ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ )‪ (∆Voc‬ﻭ)‪ (∆T‬ﻓﻲ ﻜﻼ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
‫)‪ (∆Voc= -0.087 V‬ﻭ) ‪ (∆T = 3.55 ° C‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻋﺩﻡ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ) ‪Voc = -0.052 V‬‬
‫∆( ﻭ)‪ (∆ T = 1.67 ° C‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻫﺩﻯ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻤﻨﻴﺭ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ 98

‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻟﻭ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ‬.1
.‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﻭﺘﺤﺕ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬
(‫ ﻟﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺕ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻡ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﻫﻭﺍﺀ )ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬.2
‫ﻓﺴﻭﻑ ﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻗﺩ ﻨﺼل ﺇﻟﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺍﺭﻱ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻤل ﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﻓﻭﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﺍﺌﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
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