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Solutions of Practice Questions 2

This document contains a practice problem set with 4 questions about crystal structures. Question 1 defines crystal and atomic structures and asks about closed packed directions in FCC and BCC structures. Question 2 relates atomic radius to lattice parameter for simple cubic, body centered cubic, and face centered cubic structures, and asks to determine the crystal structure of rhodium based on given properties. Question 3 calculates the highest linear density and planar density of vanadium. Question 4 calculates the interplanar spacing of copper planes and the diffraction angle of platinum planes using Bragg's law.

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Habtie Walle
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23 views6 pages

Solutions of Practice Questions 2

This document contains a practice problem set with 4 questions about crystal structures. Question 1 defines crystal and atomic structures and asks about closed packed directions in FCC and BCC structures. Question 2 relates atomic radius to lattice parameter for simple cubic, body centered cubic, and face centered cubic structures, and asks to determine the crystal structure of rhodium based on given properties. Question 3 calculates the highest linear density and planar density of vanadium. Question 4 calculates the interplanar spacing of copper planes and the diffraction angle of platinum planes using Bragg's law.

Uploaded by

Habtie Walle
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practice Problem Set # 2 MECH 221 Fall 2018

Question #1

(i) Explain the difference between crystal structure and atomic structure. Why is
studying crystal structure important?
(ii) Identify the closed-packed directions in FCC and BCC structures.
(iii) Make a sketch for a cubic unit cell and show the [1 1 0], [0 1� 2], 𝑎𝑎𝑎 [ 1� 2� 1]
directions.
(iv) Make a sketch for a cubic unit cell and show the (0 1 1) and (1 0 2 ) planes.

Solution

(i) Atomic structure relates to the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an
atom, as well as the number and probability distributions of the constituent electrons.
On the other hand, crystal structure pertains to the arrangement of atoms in the
crystalline solid material.

Study of the crystal structure is important because many material properties


(especially mechanical) are determined by the arrangement of the constituent atoms.

(ii) The closed-packed directions are the directions along which atoms are touching. For
FCC and BCC the closed packed directions are <110> and <111> respectively.
(iii) The directions asked for are indicated in the cubic unit cells shown below.

(iv)
Practice Problem Set # 2 MECH 221 Fall 2018

Question #2

(i) Determine the relationship between the atomic radius, r, and lattice parameter, a, for
the SC, BCC and FCC structures. If the lattice parameter of Molybdenum (Mo) is a =
3.22×10-10 m, calculate its atomic radius.
(ii) Rhodium has an atomic radius of 0.1345 nm and a density of 12.41 g/cm3. Using this
information, determine whether it has an FCC or BCC crystal structure.

Solution

(i)

Since Mo is a BCC material, the relation between atomic radius and lattice parameter for BCC
materials is as follows:

(ii) The atomic weight is 102.91 g/mol.

In order to determine whether Rh has an FCC or a BCC crystal structure, we need to compute its

density for each of the crystal structures. First, we will assume that Rh has an FCC structure. So,

for FCC, 𝑛 = 4 and the lattice parameter is 𝑎 = 2𝑅√2. So, employing equation 3.5,
Practice Problem Set # 2 MECH 221 Fall 2018

which is the value provided in the problem statement. Therefore, Rh has the FCC crystal

structure
Practice Problem Set # 2 MECH 221 Fall 2018

Question #3
(i) Calculate the highest linear density (atoms/m) encountered in Vanadium (V).
(ii) For Vanadium, calculate the planar density value for the (100) plane.
Solution
(i) From the tables, we know that V is a BCC material and its atomic weight and density
of V are as follows

(ii) Since V has a BCC unit cell. The (100) plane is shown below.

The planar density is:

For this (100) plane there is one atom at each of the four cube corners, each of which is shared
with four adjacent unit cells. Thus, there is the equivalence of 1 atom associated with this BCC
(100) plane.
Practice Problem Set # 2 MECH 221 Fall 2018

The planar section represented in the above figure is a square, wherein the side lengths are equal
4𝑅
to the unit cell edge length (the lattice parameter), . The area of this square is then,
√3

And the planar density is,


Practice Problem Set # 2 MECH 221 Fall 2018

Question #4
(i) Calculate the interplanar spacing (dhkl) of {1 1 0} planes in Copper (Cu), where the
lattice parameter is a = 3.61×10-10 m.
(ii) Determine the expected diffraction angle (2θ) for the first-order reflection from the (1
1 3) set of planes for FCC platinum when monochromatic radiation of wavelength
0.1542 nm is used. The atomic radius of platinum is 0.1387 nm.
Solution
(i)

(iii) From the atomic radius we can calculate the lattice parameter as follows

The interplanar spacing can then be calculated using

Now, Bragg’s can be used to calculate the diffraction angle,

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