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L3 English Part One.

The document provides information about the basic computer hardware components needed to use Microsoft Word 97, including the CPU, monitor, keyboard, printer, disk drive, and mouse. It discusses each component individually and explains their functions. For example, it states that the CPU is the central processing unit that controls all parts of the computer system, the monitor displays program information and text input, and the keyboard is used for typing input. The document also provides instructions for properly maintaining disks to ensure saved information can be retrieved.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
41 views8 pages

L3 English Part One.

The document provides information about the basic computer hardware components needed to use Microsoft Word 97, including the CPU, monitor, keyboard, printer, disk drive, and mouse. It discusses each component individually and explains their functions. For example, it states that the CPU is the central processing unit that controls all parts of the computer system, the monitor displays program information and text input, and the keyboard is used for typing input. The document also provides instructions for properly maintaining disks to ensure saved information can be retrieved.

Uploaded by

dimelntambwe1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

L3 English part one

I. IDENTIFYING COMPUTER HARDWARE


As you work your way through this text, you will learn functions and commands for Microsoft word 97.
To do this, you will need an IBM PC or an IBM- compatible computer. This computer system should consist of
the CPU, monitor, keyboard, printer, disk drive and mouse. If you are not sure what equipment you will be
opening, check with your instructor. The computer consists of six components. Each component is discussed
separately in the next sub sections after clarifying some of the above bolded words.
I.1. CPU
CPU stands for Central Processing Unit and is the intelligent part of the computer. All the processing
occurs in the CPU. Silicon chips, which contain miniaturized circuitry, are placed on boards that are plugged
into slots within the CPU. Whenever an instruction is given to the computer, that instruction is processed
through circuitry in the CPU.
I.2. Monitor
The monitor is a piece of equipment that looks like a television screen. It displays the information of a
program and the text being input at the keyboard. The quality of display for monitor varies depending on the
type of monitor and the type of resolution. Monitor can also vary in size- generally from 14 to 17 inches.
I.3. Keyboard
The Keyboard is used to input information into the computer. Keyboards for microcomputers vary in
the number and location of the keys. Microcomputers have the alphabetic and numeric keys in the same
location as the keys on a typewriter. The symbol keys, however, may be placed in a variety of location,
depending on the manufacturer. In addition to letters, numbers, and symbols, most microcomputer keyboards,
contain function keys, arrow keys, and a numeric keypad.
The 12 keys at the top of the key enhanced keyboard, labeled with the letter F followed by number, are
called function keys. These keys can be used to perform many functions. To the right of the regular keys is a
group of special or dedicated keys. These keys are labeled with specific functions that will be performed when
you press the key. Below the special keys are arrow keys. These keys are used to move the insertion point in
the document screen. In the upper right corner of the keyboard are three mode indicator lights. When certain
modes have been selected, a light appears on the keyboard. For example, if you press the Caps lock key will
disable the special functions on the numeric keypad, which is located at the right side of the keyboard
I.4. Disk Drive
Depending on the computer system you are using, the word program is installed on a hard drive or as
part of a network system. Whether you are using word on a hard-drive or network system, you will need to
have a disk available for inserting a 3.5 Disk, on which you will open and save documents. The memory
capacity for disks varies depending on the density of the disk. Disk memory is measured in kilobytes
(thousands) and megabytes (millions). The memory written as 7620 Kb) the memory capacity for a 3-5 inch
density disk (HD) is 1.440.000 bytes (1.44 megabytes, which is written as 1.44 MB).
Exercise: Find words of the same meaning with the following ones in the text;
1. Exhibits, shows:……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Text being put into a computer:……………………………………………………………………………
3. Keys used for typing letters:……………………………………………………………………………….
4. Keys used for typing numbers:…………………………………………………………………………….
5. Any of the buttons that you press to operate a computer or typewriter:…………………………………..
6. Keys used for doing basic operations:…………………………………………………………………….
7. Maker:…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. Keys used for directions :…………………………………………………………………………………
9. Do:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. A television screen used to show particular kinds of information; a screen that shows information from
a computer:………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. The set of keys for operating a computer or the set of letters that you can click on to write on a
computer or tablet:…………………………………………………………………………………………
12. A device that passes data between a disk and the memory of a computer or from one disk or computer
to another:…………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Made into a much smaller version:……………………………………………………………………….
14. Connected by being put into:……………………………………………………………………………..
15. Keep:………………………………………………………………………………………………………
16. A machine for printing text on paper, especially one connected to a computer:………………………….
17. Part:………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. Units for measuring length -, equal to 2.54 centimeters:………………………………………………….
19. A very small piece of silicon used to carry a complicated electronic circuit:……………………………..
20. Special keys used to do special functions:…………………………………………………………………
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L3 English part one

21. Central Processing Unit. The part of the computer that controls all the other parts of the system:
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. A small device that is moved by hand across a surface to control the movement of the cursor on a
computer screen:…………………………………………………………………………………………...

in your own words, explain this text groups: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

I.5. Printer
When you create a document at the document screen; it is considered soft copy. If you want a hard
copy of a document, you need to have it printed on paper. To print a documents, you will need to access a
printer. Printers are either impact or nonimpact. Impact has a mechanism that strikes the paper to create text.
Nonimpact printers use a variety of methods heat, ink jet, laser _ to print characters. These printers are much
quieter and faster than impact printer; generally they are also more expensive than impact printers.
I.5.1. PRINTERS

Printers are an important addition to any computer system. A computer does not need a printer in order to
work, but then again, most of the work done on a computer needs to be printed. Printers are devices used to
output information in whatever format we want onto paper. There are many different types of printers. The
purpose for each type of printer depends on the quality of printout that is required and on the speed at which we
want to print. The best quality printers are laser and inkjet printers. Daisywheel printers are becoming obsolete,
while dot-matrix printers are most used in offices and homes. Some printers are capable of printing in color, but
the most commonly found printers only print in black and white. Laser and inkjet printers are finding their way
into offices and homes because their price has dropped. Color printers still have a high price tag attached to
them, but are also becoming cheaper. The future will certainly make colour printers common in offices and
homes.

I. VOCABULARY
1. Dropped in this text means:
a. Broken
b. Fallen apart
c. Decreased
d. Gone up
e. Come up
2. Circle the correct answer: obsolete means:
a) Absolute
b) Important
c) Outdated
d) Required
e) Even
3. To find the way in means:
a) To go away
b) To be away
c) To be introduced
d) To find a lost way
Find words of the same meaning from the text:
4. goal:………………………….
5. Needed:…………………………
I.6. Mouse
Some word functions are designed to operate more efficiently with a mouse. A mouse is an input device
that sits on a flat surface next to the computer. A mouse can be corresponding with the left or the right hand.
Moving the mouse on the flat surface causes a mouse corresponding mouse pointer to move on the screen. For
specific instructions on how to use a mouse please refer to using the mouse latter in this section.
I.7. Properly Maintaining Disks
To ensure that you will be able to retrieve information from the disks, you need to follow certain rules
of disk maintenance. To properly maintain a 3.5 inch disk, follow these rules:
 Do not expose the disk to extreme heat or cold
 Keep the disk away from magnets and magnetic field. They can erase the information saved on the disk.
 Do not wipe or clean the magnet surface of the disk
 Keep the disk away from food, liquid and smoke
 Never remove the disk from the disk drive when the drive light is on.
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L3 English part one

 Carry the disk in a plastic case to prevent damage to the metal shutter.
The disks that will be used for saving and opening documents have been formatted and include a
number of documents. If you use word with a blank disk, that disk will probably be formatted. Formatting is a
process that establishes tracks and sectors on which information is stored and prepares the disk to accept data
from the disk operating system ( and erases anything previously saved on the disk) if you are using a disk that
is not formatted, check with your instructor on the steps needed to format.
I.8. Using the word keyboard template
Microsoft Corporation includes a word keyboard template that identifies word perfect keys and the
equivalent word function keys. This template can be folded and placed next to your computers as quick
reference guide.
I.9. Using the mouse
Word can be operated using a keyboard or it can be operated with the keyboard and a mouse. The
mouse may have two or three buttons on top, which are pressed to execute specific functions and commands.
To use the mouse, rest it on a flat surface or a mouse pad. Put your hand over it with your palm resting on top
of the mouse and your wrist resting on the table surface. As you mouse moves on the flat surface, a
corresponding pointer moves on the screen. When using the mouse, there are four terms you should understand
– point, click, double click and drag. When operating the mouse, you may need to point to a specific
command, button, or icon. Point means to position the mouse pointer on the desired item, you may need to
click a button on the mouse. Click means to quickly tap once a button on the mouse. To complete two steps at
once such as choosing and then executing a function, double click. Double click means to tap the left mouse
button twice in quick succession. The term drag means to press and hold the left mouse button, move the
mouse pointer to a specific location, and then release the button.
EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING WORDS
1. to carry out-………………………………………………………………………………
2. stop being active-………………………………………………………………………………………
3. To indicate-…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. To press a button-…………………………………………………………………………………….
5. Press the button twice- ……………………………………………………………………………
6. To pull-…………………………………………………………………………………….
7. A small picture or symbol on the computer screen………………………………………………………
8. Hit something gently-…………………………………………………………………………………..
9. To free-……………………………………………………………………………………
10. screen copy-…................................................................................................................
11. a printed copy -………………………………………………………………………..
12. action of one object hitting another-………………………………………………………………………
13. No action of one object hitting another -…………………………………………………………………
14. hits-……………………………………………………………………………..
15. Machines, tools ,instruments–……………………………………………………………………………
16. to produce–…………………………………………………………………………
17. Target, goal–……………………………………………………………………………
18. needed–…………………………………………………………………………..
19. outdated-……………………………………………………………………………..
20. decreased-……………………………………………………………………………
21. Not more expensive-…………………………………………………………………………….
22. clean-……………………………………………………………………………….
23. Take away-…………………………………………………………………………….
24. harm-………………………………………………………………………………
25. to make sure-…………………………………………………………………….

in your own words, explain this text. Groups 11, 12, 13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20

I.9.1. Using the mouse pointer


The mouse pointer will change appearance depending on the function being performed or where the
pointer is positioned. The mouse pointer may appear as one of the following images. The mouse pointer
appears as an I- beam (called the I beam pointer) in the document screen and can be used to move the insertion
point or select text. The mouse pointer appears as an arrow pointer up and the left (called the arrow pointer)
when it is moved to the title bar, menu bar or one of the toolbars at the top of the screen, or when a dialog box
is displayed. For example, to open a new document with the mouse, you would move the I-beam pointer to the
menu bar, it turns into an arrow pointer. To make a selection, position the tip of the arrow pointer on the file
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L3 English part one

option, and then click left mouse button. At the drop-down menu that displays, make selections by positioning
the arrow pointer on the desired option, and then click the left mouse button.
The mouse pointer becomes a double- headed arrow (pointing either left or right, up and down, or
diagonally) when performing certain functions such as changing the size of picture. In certain situations, such
as moving a picture, the mouse pointer becomes as four-headed arrow, the four-headed arrow means that you
can move the object left, right, up or down. When word is processing a request, or when the word program is
being loaded, the mouse pointer appears with an hourglass beside it. The hourglass image means please wait
when the process is completed, the hourglass image is removed. The mouse pointer also displays as a hand
with a pointer index finger in certain functions, such as help, and indicates that more information is available
about that particular item.
I.10. Choosing commands
In word, several methods can be used to choose commands. A command is an instruction that tells
word to do something. You can choose a command with one of the following methods: Click a toolbar button
with the mouse, Choose a command from a menu, Use short keys and Use a short menu.
I.10.1. Choosing commands on Toolbars

Word provides several toolbars containing buttons for common tasks. Generally, two toolbars are
visible on the screen (unless your system has been customized). One toolbar is called the standard toolbar.
The toolbar below the standard toolbar is called the formation toolbar. To choose a command from a toolbar,
position the tip of the arrow pointer on a button and then click the left mouse button for example to print the
document currently displayed in the document screen, position the tip of the arrow pointer on the print button
on the standard toolbar, and then click the left mouse button.

1.10.2. Choosing commands on the menu bar

The menu bar at the top of the word screen contains a variety of options you can use to format a word
document or complete file management tasks. Word features are grouped logically into options that display on
the menu bar. For example, features that allow you to work with word files (documents) are grouped in the file
option... Either the mouse or keyboard can be used to make choices from the menu bar or make a choice at a
dialogs box. To use the mouse to make a choice from the menu bar, move the I- beam pointer to the menu bar.
This mouse I- beam pointer displays as an arrow pointer. Position the tip of the arrow pointer on the desired
option and then click the left mouse button. To use the keyboard, press the Alt key to make the menu bar
active. Options on the menu bar display with an underline below one of the letters. To choose an option from
the menu bar, key the underlined letter of the desired option, or move the insertion point with the left or right
arrow keys to the option desired, and then press Enter. This causes a drop-down menu to display. For example,
to display the file drop-down menu, position the arrow pointer on the file of the menu bar, and then click the
left mouse button. To display the file drop-down menu with the keyboard, press the Alt key, and then key the
letter F for file.

1. Gives, supplies ………………………………………………………………………………


2. Modified or changed according to the user’s needs-…………………………………………………
3. Soft or screen copy-…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. An I- like cursor-…...…………………………………………………………………………………..
5. A cursor shaped like an arrow directed upward-…………………………………………………….
6. becomes –…………………………………………………………………………..
7. a cursor with double arrows –……………………………………………………………
8. a cursor with four arrows-…………………………………………………………………
9. a glass container filled with sand-…………………………………………………………………..
10. characteristics-………………………………………………………………………

in your own words, explain this text. Groups 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30

I.10.2. Choosing commands from drop-down menu

To choose a command from a drop-down menu with the mouse, position the arrow pointer on the
desired option, and then click the mouse button. To make a selection from the drop-down menu with the
keyboard, press the Alt key, and then key the underlined letter of the desired option at the drop-down menu
without making a choice, click in the document screen outside the drop-down menu or, press the Esc key
twice. Some menu options may be gray shaded (dimmed). When an option is dimmed, it is currently not
available. For example, if you choose the Edit option from the Menu bar, the Edit drop-down menu displays
with several dimmed options including Cut and Copy. If text is selected before the Edit drop-down menu is
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L3 English part one

displayed, these options are available and display in back. Some menu options are preceded by check mark.
The check mark indicates that the option is currently active. To make an option inactive (turn it off) with the
keyboard, key the underlined letter of the option. If an option from a drop-down menu displays followed by an
ellipsis. (…), a dialog box will display when that option is chosen. A dialog box provides a variety of options
to let you specify how a command is to be carried out. For example, if you choose Format, then Print, the
print dialog box displays. Or, if you choose format, then font from the menu bar, the font dialog box displays.
Some dialog boxes provide a set of options. The options are contained on separate tabs. For example, the Font
dialog box contains a tab at the top of the dialog box with the word font on it. To the right of that tab are two
other tabs.

EXPLAIN THESE WORDS

1. Dimmed-……………………………………………………………………………..
2. check mark-…………………………………………………………………………
3. currently active-……………………………………………………………………..
4. turn it off-……………………………………………………………………………
5. carried out-…………………………………………………………………………
II. STARTING WORD
The first step in using the Microsoft Word program or application is launching it. The windows operating system
provides a number of ways to launch programs. When you install Word( or Microsoft Office, the suite of
programs of which Word is a part), a shortcut to the program is placed on the windows Start Menu
automatically. You can also open Word by locating or running its executable file, named Winword.exe, through
my computer or Windows explorer.
III. SELECTING TEXT
The mouse and /or keyboard can be used to select a specific amount of text Once selected, you can
delete the text or perform other Word functions involving the selected text. When text is selected, it
displays in reverse video in the document screen. For example, if the document screen displays with a
white background and black characters, selected text will display as white characters on a black
background.
III.1. SELECTING TEXT WITH THE MOUSE
You can use the mouse to select a word, line, sentence, paragraph, or the entire document.
This indicates the steps to follow to select various amounts of text. To select certain amounts of text such as line,
the instructions tell you to click in the selection bar. The selection bar is the space at the left side of the
document screen between the left edge of the screen and the text. When the arrow pointer is positioned in the
selection bar, the pointer turns into an arrow pointing up and to the right (instead of to the left). To select an
amount of text other than a word, sentence, or paragraph, position the I- beam pointer on the first character of
the text to be selected, hold down the left mouse button, drag the I-beam pointer to the last character of the text
to be selected, and then release the mouse button. You can also select all text between the current insertion point
and the I-beam pointer. To do this, position the insertion point where you want the selection to begin, hold down
the shift key, click the I-beam pointer at the end of the selection, and then release the shift key. To cancel a
selection using the mouse, click anywhere in the document screen outside the selected text.

EXPLAIN THESE WORDS

1. mouse-….. ………………………………………………………………………………
2. keyboard -………………………………………………………………………………
3. specific amount –……………………………………………………………………….
4. functions -………………………………………………………………………………
5. displays-………………………………………………………………………………..
6. the document screen-…………………………………………………………………
7. Characters-……………………………………………………………………………
8. entire –…………………………………………………………………………………
9. steps –………………………………………………………………………………….
10. to click –………………………………………………………………………………
11. the selection bar-……………………………………………………………………..
12. the arrow pointer –…………………………………………………………………..
13. turns into –…………………………………………………………………………….
14. I- beam pointer –………………………………………………………………………
15. hold down –……………………………………………………………………………
16. drag –…………………………………………………………………………………..
1. release- …………………………………………………………………………………
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L3 English part one

2. To cancel-……………………………………………………………………………….

III.2. SELECTING TEXT WITH THE KEYBOARD

To select a specific amount of text using they keyboard, use the Extend selection key, along with the
arrow keys. When you press, the extended selection mode is turned on and the EXT mode button on the
status bar displays in black letters. (You can also turn on the Extended selection mode by double clicking the
EXT mode button on the status bat). As you move the insertion point through text, the text is selected. If you
want to cancel the selection, press the Esc key, and then press any arrow key) you can also select text with the
commands shown. If you use one of the commands to select text and then decide to cancel the selection, press
any arrow key. With text selected, press the Delete key to remove the selected text from the document, or press
Shift + Delete to remove it from the document and save it in temporary. If you want to insert the saved text in
the document, move the insertion point to the desired location, and then press Shift+ Insert

EXPLAIN THESE WORDS

1. Extend selection key-…………………………………………………………………..


2. Turned on-………………………………………………………………………………
3. Arrow keys-………………………………………………………………………….....
IV. PROCESSING

During the processing phase, data is manipulated, transforming it into useful information.
Electronic processing allows tasks that would be completed manually to be completed much more quickly.
Examples of these tasks might involve revising and editing text, calculating, generating reports from recorded
information, and creating charts and graphs. Learning how to use computers efficiently continues to be a major
training goal in business. What options are available when handling these tasks how do you decide which
software package is the most efficient when completing a task knowing how to make wise decisions when
working with computers and software will give you an edge in moving forward in your job. Because of the new
technologies, office workers must assume more the responsibility. No longer do they sit behind a desk
watching for their supervisor to tell them what to do it they are now expected to make many decisions on their
own . Managers are delegating more tasks to their support staff. This chapter will give you a detailed look at
the four major software applications words processing, spreadsheet, database and graphics you will also learn
how integrated software programs are used to process information also included is information that will help you
learn to make decisions about selecting the appropriate software tool for the specific task.

I. VOCABULARY
Find a word of the same meaning from the text among the bolded ones:
a. By themselves:………………………………………………………………
b. program :……………………………………………………………………
c. shapes:………………………………………………………………………
d. to treat :……………………………………………………………………
e. Dealing with:………………………………………………………………
f. aim :……………………………………………………………………….
g. treated:……………………………………………………………………
h. step :………………………………………………………………………
i. Important:………………………………………………………………..
j. Purpose:………………………………………………………………….
k. Handing over part of power:…………………………………………….
l. Employees:……………………………………………………………….
m. Charge:…………………………………………………………………..
n. Proper:…………………………………………………………………...
o. Incorporated:…………………………………………………………….
p. Existing:………………………………………………………………….
q. Program:…………………………………………………………………
r. Personnel:…………………………………………………………………
V. CHANGING DATA ALIGNMENT IN CELLS

The alignment of data in cells depends on the type of data entered. For example, words or text
combined with numbers entered in a cell are aligned at the left edge of the cell while numbers are aligned at the
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L3 English part one

right. Alignment of data can be controlled with buttons on the Formatting toolbar or options at the Format. Cells
dialog box with the Alignment tab selected.
Four buttons on the Formatting toolbar can be used to control the alignment of data in a cell or selected
cells. Click the Align Left button to align data at the left side of a cell, click the Center button to align data
between the left and right side of a cell, and click Align Right to align data at the right side of a cell. Click the
Center Across Columns button to center data within selected cells. The Center Across Columns buttons will
center text between selected cells. This is different than the Center button, which centers text within a cell.
With options in the Horizontal section of the dialog box, you can specify the horizontal alignment of
data. With the last option, Center across selection, data can be centered between selected cells in a worksheet.
By default, data in a cell is aligned at the bottom of the cell. This alignment can be changed to top,
center, or justify with options in the Vertical section of the dialog box.
In the Orientation section of the Format Cells dialog box with the Alignment tab selected, you can
choose to rotate data. The Orientation Shows a visual display of the choices and how data will appear in the cell.
To choose an option, simply click the desired option.
As you learned earlier, if data keyed in a cell is longer than the cell, it overlaps the next cell to the right.
If you want data to remain in a cell and wrap to the next line within the same cell, choose the Wrap Text option
at the Format Cells dialog box with the Alignment tab selected.

VI. COMPACTING AND REPAIRING A DATABASE

Access combines the processes of compacting and repairing a database into a single operation.
Compacting is the process of releasing unused space from a database. Access compacts the databases by
reorganizing all database objects so that they take the least amount of space possible. The process is similar to
defragmenting your hard drive. Besides reducing the size of the database, compacting improves database
performance because well- organize data can be read and written faster. This process is also referred to as
optimizing a database.
Compacting an older version of a database in Access 2001 does not convert the database to the
new file format. There it is a separate utility for converting database files to other versions.
AutoNumber fields are not adjusted for deleted records during the compact process, unless the
deletions occurred at the end of the table (the last Auto Numbers generates). So deletion of any record that is not
the last table record does not impact Auto Numbers. Such deleted numbers will not be generated again. When
deletions occur at the end of the table, the AutoNumber value is reset so that the next generated number will be
one greater than the AutoNumber value of the last undeleted record.
When Access is able to detect a problem with a database, a prompt to repair the damage is
issued. Normally, Access will detect file corruptions when trying to load a database. Since Access cannot detect
file corruptions, it is important to compact and repair database regularly. In addition, if a file begins to behave
unpredictably, compact and repair it manually. Access can repair most of the errors introduced during normal
operation, but cannot repair certain user errors. For example, Access can repair a table index that has become
corrupted by deleted records, but Access cannot repair queries or forms that refer to a table or query that has
been deleted by the user. In general, Access can repair corruption in: a table, the structure of a database or table
and a form, report, or module
When Access shuts down unexpectedly, significant problems can be introduced to the database
if maintenance operations were underway. For example, if were in the process of changing a record but Access
was unable to complete the process, the table or tables involved become corrupted. To remedy this situation,
when Access restarts it creates a copy. To remedy this situation, when Access restarts it creates a copy of the file
that was open when the shutdown occurred. The copy is named filename – Backup where filename is the name
of the databases file that was open during the crash. Access then attempts to compact and repair the original file.

VOCABULARY

I. Find words of the same meaning from the text


1. To carry out:………………………………………………………………….
2. Tiresome:……………………………………………………………………..
3. Programmed:…………………………………………………………………
4. Count on:…………………………………………………………………….
5. Damaging:……………………………………………………………………

I. Vocabulary Repairing a Database: Tick the explanation to these from the attached text

1. To release
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L3 English part one

a. To free b. to go up c. to protect d. to please e. to break


2. Amount
a. Money b. quantity c. currency d. paramount e. mount
3. Deletion
a. Canceling b. adding c. findings d. completions e. typing
4. To reset
a. To repent b. to set up c. to set again d. to jump e. to regain
5. Damage
a. Devastation b. average c. message d. prestige e. avoidance
VII. BACKING UP AND RESTORING A DATABASE
Database backups are critical in organizations that rely on data for their operation; besides
creating backups before performing tasks that could destroy data it is important to have regularly scheduled
backups to protect against other types of loss.
Remember that data are valuable and should be protected against unforeseen events the volume
of updates to data determines how often database backups are needed. Any changes made to the database since
the last backup will need to be reapplied to make it current the question you need to ask yourself is how much
maintenance am I willing to repeat weekly. Backups are the most common but daily backups are not at all
unusual for critical data with a high maintenance volume. It is important to note that documentation also must be
maintained for backups to be effective. You must know what updates have been made to your databases since
the last backup so that these can be reapplied.
Catastrophes such as floods, fires, and other acts of nature are not frequent but also should be
considered when creating a backup plan. The simplest way to protect against such devastating problems is to
store backups at an offsite location. This can be as simple as taking a copy of the backup home or sending it to
another company site. Backups can be created manually using the copy facility of Windows Explorer, but this
becomes tedious and relies on your memory. It is better to use back software such as Microsoft Windows 2000
Backup and Recovery Tools. Such tools are designed to complete backups of multiple files on a scheduled basis,
are optimized for restoring all or part of a particular backup process, and can back up to multiple disks, CDs net
worked drives.

There are many backup software packages available with a variety of features. The following
steps will demonstrate creating a backup using Microsoft Windows 2000. If you are not running Windows 2000,
you will not be able to complete these steps.

VOCABULARY

A. Find words of the same meaning from the text


1. To carry out:………………………………………………………………….
2. Tiresome:……………………………………………………………………..
3. Programmed:…………………………………………………………………
4. Count on:…………………………………………………………………….
5. Damaging:……………………………………………………………………
6. Unpredictable:………………………………………………………………..

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