PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARD

GENERAL ETHICS

ETHICS

 Derived from the Greek word, “ethos”, which means characteristic way of living
and Greek word “ethikos” which means customary.
 A branch of philosophy which studies the principles of right or wrong in human
conduct.
The study of human motivation and ultimately of human rational behavior.
 The science of the morality of human acts.
“Ethics is what makes us humans”

MORALITY
 the quality which makes an act good or evil, right or wrong.

Classification of Actions According to the Norms of Morality

Moral (Good) actions are those actions which are in conformity with the norm of
morality.
Immoral (Bad) actions are those actions which are not in conformity with the norm
of morality.
Amoral (Indifferent) actions are those actions which stand neutral in relation to the
norm of morality. They are neither good or bad.

HUMAN ACTS
-actions that are done knowingly, deliberately and freely.
ACTS OF MAN
-actions which happen in man

BASES OF MORALITY
1) SOCIAL NORMS – unwritten standard of acceptable behavior in society
a)customs b)tradition c) culture
2) LAWS OF SOCIETY – written rules of behavior
a) laws created by men to maintain harmony and order.
3) RELIGION – a system of beliefs and practices based on faith and truths revealed to
man by God.
4)CONSCIENCE – the practical judgment of reason telling us what should be done
and what should be avoided; reflection is one’s character.

CHARACTER
refers to the traits of a person shown through his thoughts, actions, values
and virtues.
“Character is what you do when nobody’s looking.”
- anonymous
VALUE/S
Refer to anything that a person considers important, such as ideas or
experiences.
These are one’s beliefs, principles, that are important, cherished, upheld and
defended.
They affect and influence how one thinks and feel, what one perceives, shape one’s
goals, objectives and aspirations
- These influence how one resolves conflicts
- These dictate one’s lifestyle and life’s choices and decisions .

VIRTUE/S
- the habit of doing what is good or right
- the opposite of which is vice

FOUR (4) MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES

1) PRUDENDENCE
- the ability to make decisions by means of reason and sound judgment.
- the virtue that attracts the intellect to choose the most effective means for
accomplishing what is good and avoiding what is evil

2) FORTITUDE
firmness of mind; the courage to endure without yielding; the virtue that gives a
person strength of the will; the virtue that incites courage.
Examples of Fortitude:
a) PATIENCE
- the ability to be calm in enduring situations
b) PERSEVERANCE
- the ability to go on despite obstacles
c) ENDURANCE
- the ability to last

3) TEMPERANCE
- the ability to moderate one’s instincts and emotions; the virtue that regulates
a person’s wants; also means self-control

4) JUSTICE
the virtue that inclines the will to give to each what is due to him; the virtue
that inclines the will to respect the rights of others.
MEANING OF JUSTICE
1) “To render to each his due”
2) “Treat equals equally and unequal unequally in proportion to their
inequality”

THREE (3) DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE

1) COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE
- regulates those actions that involve the rights that exist between individuals
Example:

Workers owe their employers diligent work in exchange for their

wages.
Likewise, employers owe their workers payment for work done.

2) DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
- regulates those actions that involve the rights that an individual may claim
from society
- concerned with the fair allocation of resources among diverse members of a
community
- implies that society has a duty to the individual in serious need and all
individuals have duties to others in need

3) LEGAL JUSTICE
- regulates those actions which society may justly require of the individual for
the common good

- according to legal justice, the State may institute just laws and perform such
acts to further the welfare of the community

- thus, laws are created to protect the citizens

RIGHT

- anything that is owed or due

- something to which a person has a just and lawful claim
- anything that a person can lawfully demand

HUMAN RIGHTS

- rights pertaining to the rights of man; rights inherent to man by virtue of

being a human being

- are the supreme, inherent and inalienable rights to life, dignity and to self-
development

supreme rights

Highest form of rights

Inherent rights

Rights attached to men as human

Inalienable rights
Rights that cannot be transferred, cannot be borrowed and cannot be taken away

BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS

1) RIGHT TO LIFE

Exceptions:

self-defense death under

exceptional circumstances death penalty

RISE OF THE SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES

2) RIGHT TO LIBERTY

Exceptions:
For reasons of public health and public safety penalty for commission of a
crime circumstances of warrantless arrests

3) RIGHT TO PROPERTY

Exceptions:

circumstances of warrantless search by virtue of court order

BILL OF RIGHTS
- a list of individual liberties, freedom and rights which are guaranteed and
protected under Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

- protection of individuals against abuses of the state

- protection of the rights of an accused

DUTY
- anything we are obliged to do or to omit

- a moral obligation incumbent upon a person of doing, omitting or avoiding

- rights and duties are inseparable
- rights and duties are reciprocal

Voluntariness comes from the Latin word “voluntas”, referring to the Will.
Voluntariness is essential to an act. Without it, an act is a mere act of man.

Classifications of voluntariness
• Perfect voluntariness is present in a person who
fully knows and fully intends an act.
• Imperfect voluntariness is present in a person
who act without fully realizing what he means to
do, or without fully intending the act.
• Conditional voluntariness is present in a person
who is forced by circumstances beyond his
control to perform an act which he would not do
under normal conditions.
• Simple voluntariness is present in a person
doing an act willfully, regardless of whether he
likes to do it or not. It is either positive or
negative.

SPECIAL ETHICS
PART II

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
- a sub-branch of special ethics
- a set of moral code to which every profession must subscribe
- aims to guide the actuations of the professional in the practice of
his profession

Examples of professional ethics

1) medical ethics
2) business ethics
3) legal ethics
4) code of ethics of teachers
5) code of ethics of public officials
6) POLICE ETHICS

POLICE ETHICS

- a practical science that treats the principles of human morality and duty as
applied to law enforcement

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND

ETHICAL STANDARDS
PART III
BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON THE PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

According to Section 37 of RA 6975, “There shall be established a performance

evaluation system which shall be administered in accordance with the rules,
regulations and standards, and a CODE OF CONDUCT promulgated by the
Commission for members of the PNP…”

NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO 92-4

- the resolution issued by the NAPOLCOM approving the draft of the
PNP Code of Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards by the
PNP

- approved on 12 March 1992

PURPOSES OF THE CODE

1) To foster individual efficiency, behavioral discipline and organizational
effectiveness, as well as respect for constitutional and human rights of citizens,
democratic principles and ideals and the supremacy of civilian authority over the
military;

2) To set the moral tone and norms of professional conduct in the police
service;
3) To provide moral and ethical guidance to all PNP members; and
4) To enlighten members of the police service of what behavior is really
acceptable – to define what is permitted and what is
prohibited.

LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL

STANDARDS

1)RA 3019 – the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act

2)RA 6713 – Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and
Employees
3) RA 7080 – Anti-Plunder Act
4) People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB) Rules and Regulations
5) RA 10589 – the Anti-Corruption Month Act
(December)

Definitions provided by various pertinent laws

Definition of terms

NEGLECT OF DUTY OR NON-FEASANCE

The omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty,
which it was the peace officer’s legal obligation to perform; it implies a duty as well
as its breach and the fact can never be found in the absence of duty
IRREGULARITIES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF DUTY OR MISFEASANCE
The improper performance of some act which might lawfully be done

MISCONDUCT OR MALFEASANCE
The doing, either through ignorance, inattention or malice, of that
which the officer had no legal right to do at all, as where he acts without any
authority whatsoever, or exceeds, ignores, or abuses his powers
- generally means wrongful, improper or unlawful conduct, motivated by
premeditated, obstinate or intentional purpose
- usually refers to transgression of some established and
definite rule of action

INCOMPETENCY
-The manifest lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory performance of
police duties

-Has reference to any physical, moral or intellectual quality, the lack of which
substantially incapacitates one to perform his duties

OPPRESSION

- an act of cruelty, severity, unlawful exaction, domination, or excessive use of

authority

DISHONESTY

- concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact relevant to one’s office

or connected with the performance of his duties

DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT

-consists of abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to the Government of the

Philippines, or advocating the overthrow of the government

VIOLATION OF LAW

-presupposes conviction in court of any crime or offense penalized under theRevised

Penal Code or any special law or ordinance

GOVERNMENT
-includes the national government, the local governments, the
government-owned and controlled corporations, and all other instrumentalities or
agencies of the Republic of the Philippines

PUBLIC OFFICER

- includes elective and appointive officials and employees, permanent

or temporary, whether in the classified or unclassified or exempt
service receiving compensation, from the government
GRAFT

- the acquisition of gain or advantage by dishonest, unfair or sordid means,

especially through the abuse of one’s position or influence in politics or
government

CORRUPTION
- an act done with an intent to give some advantage inconsistent with
official duty and the rights of others
- the state of making something or someone other than what is ideal

BRIBERY

-the act of receiving gifts or presents or accepting offers and or promises in

exchange for committing a crime that relates to the exercise of the office which the
public officer discharges

COMMAND
- the authority a person lawfully exercises over subordinates by virtue of rank
or assignment or position

RESPONSIBILITY
- the obligation to perform one’s duties and functions and his
accountability for his actions

COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY

- The doctrine that imposes commensurate accountability to one who is vested

with authority to exercise management and/or leadership functions

LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS

 As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to
safeguard life and property; to protect the innocent against deception; weak against
oppression or intimidation; and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to
respect the constitutional rights of all men, to liberty, equality and justice.

I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all; maintain courageous

calm in the face of danger, scorn or ridicule; develop self-restraint and be constantly
mindful of the welfare of others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal
and official life, I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and regulations of
my organization. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature or that is confided
to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in
the performance of my duty.

I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities

or friendship to influence my decision, with no compromise for crime and with
relentless prosecution of criminals. I will enforce the law courteously and
appropriately without fear or favor, malice or ill-will, never employing unnecessary
force or violence and never accepting gratuities in return.

I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and I accept it as

a public trust to be held so long as I am true to the ethics of police service. I will
never engage in acts of corruption or bribery, nor will I condone such acts by other
police officers. I will cooperate with all legally authorized agencies and their
representatives in the pursuit of justice.

I know that I alone am responsible for my own standard of professional

performance and will take every reasonable opportunity to enhance and improve my
level of knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive to achieve these
objectives and ideals, dedicating myself before God to my chosen profession... law
enforcement.

CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS

1) Primordial Police Responsibility (Ancient)

2) Limitation of Police Authority
3) Knowledge of the Lawand other Responsibilities
4) Use of Proper Means to Obtain Proper Ends
5) Cooperation with Public Officials
6) Proper Conduct and Behavior
7) Conduct Towards the Community
8) Conduct in Arresting Law Violators
9) Firmness in Refusing Gifts
10) Impartial Presentation of Evidence
11) Attitude Towards Police Profession
Primordial Police Responsibility

primordial = primary

- the primary responsibility of the police is CRIME PREVENTION

Limitation of Police Authority

- laws set limits to the authority of the police in the performance of their functions

- police officers are not exempted from obeying the law they are enforcing

Knowledge of the Law and other Responsibilities

police officers must know and understand the laws they are enforcing

- police officers must know the relationship of the PNP with other law enforcement
agencies

Use of Proper Means to Obtain Ends

Means = ways; manner

Ends = goals; objectives

- police officers must use lawful methods in performing their official duties and
functions

Proper Conduct and Behavior

- police officers must be careful with what they say and what they do at all
times, whether in their personal lives or official capacity

Conduct in Arresting Law Violators

- police officers must always abide by the rules and prescribed procedures in making
lawful arrests

Firmness in Refusing Gifts or Favors

- police officers must NEVER ASK for, and NEVER ACCEPT, gifts or favors in exchange
for their help or assistance to avoid misinterpretation

Impartial Presentation of Evidence

impartial = fair

-police officers must present all evidence, whether the evidence proves the
innocence or guilt of the suspect

Definition of Terms
Attitude Towards Police Profession

police officers must have a high regard and respect for the police profession

- police officers must strive to improve their knowledge and skill in order to serve the
community the best possible way they can

PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLES

1) Prevention of Crime and Disorder

2) Cooperation of the Community
3) Unreasonable Force Reduce Community Cooperation
4) Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is not Sufficient
5) Impartial Enforcement of Laws

6)The Community are the Police

7)Police should not Judicial Power

8)Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed

9)Reduction of Crime and Disorder

10) Police Discretion

Prevention of Crime and Disorder

- it is the primordial responsibility of the police

- it is the primary objective of the police organization

Cooperation of the Community

- the ability of the police to perform their duty is dependent upon community
support
- the police must secure the respect and trust of the community in order to
gain their support

Unreasonable Force Reduces Community Cooperation

- police officers must not abuse their authority because it affects the attitude
and opinions of the community towards them, which in turn affects their desire to
cooperate

Use of Reasonable Force when Persuasion is not Sufficient

- police officers are allowed to use force when dialogue is no longer effective,
but the kind or degree of force must be REASONABLE

Impartial Enforcement of Laws

- police officers must enforce the law equally to all persons, without regard to
social status

- the law should apply to all

Police Should not Usurp Judicial Power

usurp = take on, assume

judicial power = the authority to judge and impose penalty

- police officers have no authority to decide if the suspect is guilty or not, and cannot
impose the penalty that they want

Reduction of Crime and Disorder

- the test of police efficiency is the reduction of crime and disorder until totally
eradicated, not by evidence of police presence and action in dealing with the
community

Rules of Engagement Impartially Observed

- police officers must always abide by the prescribed procedures in conducting

police operations

POLICE DISCRETION
- the act or the liberty to decide according to the principles of justice and
the police officer’s ideas of what is right and proper under the circumstances

ABUSE OF DISCRETION

- the use of discretion in such a way as to deprive a person of his right

- police officers must NEVER ABUSE POLICE DISCRETION granted to them

PNP CORE VALUES

1) Love of God
2) Respect for Authority
3) Selfless Love and Service to People
4) Sanctity of Marriage and Respect for Women
5) Responsible Dominion and Stewardship over Material Things
7) Truthfulness

POLICE OFFICER’S CREED

I believe in God, the Supreme Being, a Great Provider, and the Creator of all
men and everything dear to me. In return, I cannot less than love Him above all,
seek His guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.

I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect and uphold the
Constitution, the laws of the land and the applicable rules and regulations. I
recognize the legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal
orders of my superior officers.

I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this end, I commit
myself to the service of my fellowmen over and above my personal convenience.

I believe in the sanctity of marriage and respect for women. I shall set the
example of decency and morality and shall have high regard for family life and
chastity.

I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I

shall inhibit myself from ostentatious display of my property. I shall protect the
environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall respect
private and public properties and prevent others from destroying them.
 I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and I shall
speak the truth at all times as required by the profession.

PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES

Definition of Terms
1) PNP Image – PNP members shall possess the following virtues:
a) HONOR
b) INTEGRITY
c) VALOR
d) JUSTICE
e) HONESTY
f) HUMILITY
g) CHARITY
h) LOYALTY TO SERVICE

Definition of Terms

2) Career Management: the Key in Professionalism

3) Police Management Leadership
4) Delicadeza
5) Equality in the Service
6) Police Lifestyle
7) Political Patronage
8) Human Rights

Definition of Terms
Career Management, the Key to Professionalism

- the PNP recognizes the need to have proper and strict policies regarding
recruitment, training, assignment, promotion, awards, discipline and retirement to
ensure sound administration and to look after the welfare of its members

Police Management Leadership

- the effectiveness of law enforcement is reflective of the managerial

capabilities and competent leadership of the men and women who run the PNP
organization

Equality in the Service

- all police officers shall have equal opportunities for improvement and career
advancement based on merit
Delicadeza
-sense of pride and self-worth

police officers must be able to sacrifice self-interest in the name of duty

- police officers must not do anything that would bring dishonor to himself and to
the PNP organization itself

Police Lifestyle

- police officers must live a simple, yet credible and dignified life, free from greed,
corruption and exploitation

- police officers must set a good example

Political Patronage

- police officers must NEVER ASK for recommendations from public officials in
matters pertaining to promotion, assignment, awards and others

POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

1) Commitment to Democracy
2) Commitment to Public Interest
3) Non-Partisanship
4) Physical Fitness and Health
5) Secrecy Discipline
6) Social Awareness
7) Proper Care and Use of Public Property
8) Non-Solicitation of Patronage
9) Respect for Human Rights
10) Devotion to Duty
11) Conservation of Natural Resources
12) Discipline
13) Loyalty
14) Obedience to Superior
15) Command Responsibility

Commitment to Democracy

- police officers must never forget that they are public servants and they must
at all times uphold the Constitution and be loyal to the country, the people and the
PNP organization

Commitment to Public Interest

public interest = for the good of the people or community
- police officers must always uphold public interest over and above personal
interests

- police officers must respect the fact that their resources are funded by taxpayers’
money and should therefore be used wisely and economically to avoid wastage of
public funds

Non-Partisanship

- police officers must not be identified with any particular political party or
figure
- they must extend their assistance to all regardless of party affiliation

Definition of Terms

Secrecy Discipline

police officers must guard the confidentiality of all official information and all
matters relating to the official function of the police organization

- disclosure must always be authorized

Definition of Terms
Devotion to Duty

- police officers must perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness,

efficiency, enthusiasm, determination and manifest concern for public welfare

Discipline

- police officers must act and behave according to the rules and regulations of
the organization at all times

Loyalty

- police officers must be loyal to the Constitution and to the police service, as
manifested by their loyalty to their superiors, peers and subordinates

Obedience to Superiors

- police officers must obey lawful orders of their superiors

- police officers must always be courteous to superiors and other appropriate
authorities within the chain of command

POLICE ETHICAL STANDARDS

ETHICAL STANDARDS

- refer to established and generallyaccepted moral values and ethical acts

1) Morality
2) Judicious Use of Authority
3) Justice
4) Humility
5) Orderliness
6) Perseverance
7) Integrity

Morality
- police officers must adhere to high standard of morality and decency and shall set
good examples for others to follow
- they must not be involved with illegal activities
- they shall be loyal to their spouses

Judicious Use of Authority

judicious = wise; proper

- police officers must exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in the
performance of duty

Integrity

- police officers must not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest
practices in accordance with applicable laws

Humility

police officers must never forget that they are public servants and not masters of the
people

- they should perform their duties without arrogance

Orderliness

- police officers must follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks to

minimize waste of time, money, effort and other resources
Perseverance

- police officers must exert all efforts to achieve their goal or mission even in
the face of difficulties and obstacles
POLICE CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

CUSTOMS
- rules of conduct formed by repetition of acts, uniformly practiced as
social rules
- established usages or social practices carried on by tradition that have
obtained the force of law

POLICE CUSTOMS ON COURTESY

COURTESY

- a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect

SALUTE

- the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members in recognizing persons

entitled to a salute

SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD

- refers to the Philippine Flag

ADDRESS OR TITLE

-PNP members who are junior in rank must address senior members with SIR OR
MA’AM

COURTESY CALL

- when a police officer appears before a superior officer as a sign of respect

and in acknowledgment of the latter’s authority or position

COURTESY CALLS

1) Courtesy call of newly-assigned or newly-appointed members

2) Christmas Call
3) New Year’s Call
4) Promotion Call
5) Exit Call
6) Courtesy of the Post

Police customs on ceremonies

CEREMONY
- a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority
as proper for special occasions

1) Flag Raising Ceremony

- PNP members honor the flag by raising it and singing the National Anthem
before the start of the official day’s work

2) Flag Retreat Ceremony

- PNP members salute the lowering of the flag at the end of the official day’s
work

3) Half-Mast
-the flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed members of the
command

4) Funeral Service and Honors

- departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PNP
members are given vigil, necrological services and graveside honors.

5) Ceremony Tendered to Retiree

- in recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to the PNP, a
testimonial activity shall be tendered in their honor

6) Honor Ceremony
- arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries,
VIPs, PNP officers with the rank of Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers
of equivalent grade

7) Turn-Over Ceremony
- relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is publicly
announced by the outgoing and incoming officers

8) Wedding Ceremony
- during marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with
participants in uniform and swords drawn

9) Anniversary
- the birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is
commemorated in an anniversary ceremony
POLICE CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM

SOCIAL DECORUM

- a set of norms and standards practiced by police officers during

social and other functions

1) Proper Attire

- wearing of prescribed uniform

- wearing, as part of uniform, awards and decorations earned in accordance
with the prescribed rules and regulations

- adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations

- manner of walking: police officers are expected to walk with pride and
dignity

Other police customs

1) Visiting the Sick

- immediate commanders or other available officers of the unit visit PNP
members who are sick in the hospital, their residence or any place of confinement in
order that their needs are attended to

2) Survivor Assistance to Heirs of Deceased Members

- a survivor officer is designated whenever PNP members die, to render
maximum assistance to their bereaved family until all benefits due shall have
been received

3) Visiting Religious Leaders

- PNP officer visit religious leaders in their areas of assignment to establish or
maintain rapport and cooperation between the different religious leaders and the
PNP

4) Athletics
-PNP members indulge in physical fitness activities to ensure that their
proper physical appearance and bearing are maintained with the waist line
measurement always smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity with the
standard set forth by the organization

5) Happy Hours
- informal get-together at the PNP Club
usually on Friday, or any other day suitable for the occasion
POLICE TRADITIONS

TRADITIONS
- bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from
generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten law

POLICE TRADITIONS

1) Spiritual beliefs PNP members are traditionally religious and God-loving

person
2) Valor = courage or bravery

3) Patriotism = love of one’s country

4) Discipline = instinctive obedience to lawful orders and spontaneous actions

guided by ethical and legal norms

5) Gentlemanliness = being upright in character, gentle in manners, dignified in

appearance and sincere in their concern for others

6) Word of Honor = commitment to one’s pledge or promise

7) Duty PNP members have exemplified themselves as dedicated public

servants

8) Loyalty = commitment to PNP organization, to the country and to the

people

9) Camaraderie =the binding spirit that enhances teamwork; sense of

brotherhood

Definition of Justice
As a process- prevails when people under similar circumstances are treated in
an equal and fair manner before the law.
As a substance- prevails when people receive from the law what they deserve
to receive.

POLICE GRATUITY
A gratuity is the receipt of free meals, service discount non-federal police
usually do not regard these as forms of corruption.
Police perjury
This is usually a means to effect an act corruption. Leaving out certain pertinent
pieces of information in order to “fix” a criminal prosecution. “Dropsy”
evidence is typical, where the officer testifies untruthfully that he/she sew the
offender drop some narcotics or contraband.

POLICE BRUTALITY
Brutality has been defined as excessive force, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule,
and disrespect. Other commissions have simply used a vague definition as “any
violation of due process which is widely- regarded definition is “excessive
violence.

POLICE PROFANITY
Reasons why a police officer would use obscene and profane language.
Effective use of verbal communication is one of the skills expected in police
work such as command voice and command presence.

SEX ON DUTY OR DUTY-RELATED

• Traffic stops – to get a closer look at the female or information about her.
•Fox hunting – stopping college girls to get the I’ll do anything routine.
•Voyeurism – window peeping or interrupting lover’s lane couples.
•Victim re-contacts – consoling victims who have psychological needs.
•opposite sex strip searching – touching and/or sex with jail inmates.
•sexual shakedowns – letting prostitutes go if they perform sex acts.

PNP ETHICS DAY

- celebrated yearly on 7 January

- started on 7 January 1995 and celebrated every year thereafter

TYPES OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS

1. Public Information Program – Bridge any communication gap between police and
Public.
2. Public Relation Program – Maintain harmony and mutual support between police
and community.
3. Civic action program – Maintain and encourage community development
4. Psychological program – Condition both friendly and hostile public thereby
insuring facilitating the attainment of police objectives.