MATHEMATICS

GRADE 10
2020-2021

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
and FUNCTIONS

CHAPTER 5

9
0 ken
akbuc
CHAPTER OUTLINE:
y
1. Quadratic Equations
- Finding Real Zeroes of a quadratic equation
o Factorization
E
o Completing the square method
o Quadratic Formula
- Relations Between the Roots and The Coefficients of a Quadratic Equation
- Writing the Quadratic Equation Whose Roots Are Known
-
Y

p
2. Complex Numbers
- Complex Zeroes of a Quadratic Equation
- Powers of !
- The Conjugate of a Complex Number
- Operations on Complex Numbers

NAME: ………………………………………

1
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (2nd degree equations)

Any equation in the form of ax2+bx+c=0 where x represents an unknown, a, b and c are real numbers (a ≠ 0).

If a= 0, then the equation is linear, not quadratic. ax4bx c quadratic

bite linear
Value of x which satisfies the quadratic equation is called “root of the equation” or “solution to the equation”. The
roots of the equation are the values of x that make ax2+bx+c=0 a true statement. Such numbers are said to satisfy the
equation.

In order to find the solutions of a quadratic equation we can use three methods.

ü
1) FACTORIZATION METHOD

I
We use this method when it is possible to factorize the given quadratic equation.

In order to find the solutions of a quadratic equation, we simply use ‘the zero factor principle’ which is;

A.B = 0 → A = 0 or B = 0

That is, ‘ If the product of A and B is zero, then either A or B is zero.’

Method: ETIfgbto_RtEEbxta
i) We first write the given quadratic equation in standard form, i.e. ax2 + bx + c = 0 . xlaza.b
ii) We factorize it completely and then we use the above the zero factor principle to find the solutions.

e.g.1. Solve x2 + 6 = 5x
KÖFTEYE
Solution: First write the given equation in standard form and then factorize it completely to find the solutions.

1 # ! + 6 = 5# → # ! − 5# + 6 = 0 → (# − 2)(# − 3) = 0 → # − 2 = 0 /0 # − 3 = 0 → 1 = 2 /0 1 = 3

So, the solutions of # ! + 6 = 5# are # = 2 and # = 3.

6 5 0
x1 Xts O
9 00 Y ş
öööeşE O 4
11 5

ağza
e.g.2. Find the solutions of
!
1) # + 6# = 7 2) # ! – 3 = 2#

1,2 6 TEE7 0 71.4 1 0

2 2x 3 0o
3
1 37.1 11 0
4x 7 l 7 x x

x 3 1 11 0
3 1
X 17 x e 0 Kat 3 0 ore x11 0
x 3 x a
X17 0 or x 1 0
x 7 x t

IS 7,1
SEE 1133
2
 axtbyga tby
o
! !
3) # − # − 2 = 0 4) # = 5#

x 2
a 2

ü
5 0
x 2 xd _o x x 5 D

x2 0 or x11 0 sağ x o x5 0
x 5
x 2 x e 3
SS 0,5
Ss 1123

x u
5) 3# ! – 4# = 0 6) 7# ! = #

3 4 0 72x 0
7 1 0

Ezğ
X O or 3 4 0
x I x o or 7 1 0
3 x

Ss oi's
Ss at

7) # ! – 1 = 0 8) # ! = 9

x 1 x111 0 x 9 0

Eü
x1 0 or x11 0 x31131 0
x e x i

E
Ss in
3 0
x
x 13 0
x 3

Ss 3,3

9) 6 = # ! − # 10) #(# – 4) + 3 = 0

O x x 6
x s
2
x2
x
4 3 0

F
x e
0 1 311 2
x3 x a
Eş
x3 0 x12 0
x 2
x 3 0 x 1 0
Ss 3 x l
2,33

3
11) #(# – 2) = 15 12) # ! + 2# + 1 = 0
a x 2 1 0
2 2 15 x i of 1 15 0
2 2x 15 0 1 0
s 1 111 11 0 x 1
x 3 Eee
1 0 x11 0 Ss f i
x 511 31 i x l
t 0 x
doubleroot
x 5 0 xs o
x s x 3 SS Ei root
double

ss 3,53

13) 3# ! + 4 = 7# 14) (# + 3)! = 1

1 312 1
3 2 7 14 0 1 131 1 of 26 5 1
3x 4 6 8 0
x e x13 1 or x13 1 x
x
vs
2
x z x a te
3 411 51 0 1 411 4 0
55 42 u o x 12 0
3 4 0 x 1 0 a x L
x 4 x f 5 42
3
ss a

15) ) 9# = 2# ! + 10 16) # = 5#(# – 2)

2 tox
0 229 10 x 5
2x 5 2 Hx
x s
0 5
O x 5 11
0 2 511 2 K y
x o 5 11 0
x
2 5 0 x 2 0
I x z
z
ss o t
5
55 2,2 taze

a 2x–9
17) (x –4)x= 18) (# − 7
5)# = # − 5
2 4,1 2 9 2 5x x 5
2 4 2 9 0 Sx xx5 0
2 6 9 0 2 6 5 0
5
x 322 0 x a
x 3 Ss 1,53
x 5 x a o
Ss s x5 0 x 1 0
x 5 x e 4
 WORD PROBLEMS

1) The sum of a number and its square is 30. Find the numbers.

x X 30 6 x 57 0

21 30 0 6 0 x 5 0
6 6 x 5
5

2) The product of two consecutive integers is 20. Find the integers.

taz
thesmallest
thegreatest
EĞDEZ
X
At
tr
XCX 111 20 Cx15 x 41 0
4 20 0 2 1 20 x15 0 x 6 0
x 5 x 4
21 20 0
x 5

B
u

3) The product of two consecutive odd numbers is 35. Find the numbers.

1st x x x121 35
Xtz 1 35
711 51 0 If x
1stnumber 7
t

mezar
2nd x 12 r 7 or x x
z
z
2ndnumber 7 2 5
x 2 35 0
5 It or
if x T
est 5 number
2ndnumber 5 2 3
4) The length of a rectangle is 4 cm longer than its width. The rectangle has area 32 cm2. Find its width.

İÜ l X 14 A l W
v4 II Xx 41
or x s
0

tez
w X A 4 4 32
4 X x o
x14 4 232 0 4 32 41 0
04 87.1 thewidth _4
I I
c
X 14 32
x
x 8 d
y
Xp 8 XETY
5) The altitude of a triangle is 5 less than its base. The area of the triangle is 18 square inches. Find its base and
altitude.
base _x a
xcx5 18
2
attitude x 5
II
f
z
x o
I 5 36
X 5 36 0 Base_9 am
x 4
x Altitude 4 am
x g 5
 6) If the sides a square are increased by 4 cm, the area is increased by 40 cm2. What are the dimensions of the original
square.

Lx14 x 40
original square

Eger
2 40
x 8 16
8 16 40 3by3Squee
8 24 s
x 14 x 3
Ay x Aek145
40
o
7) The profit of a certain company is modelled by the function 9(#) = # ! − 4# − 12 where P is the profit in dollars
and x is the number of items sold.
a) Find the profit when 10 items are sold.

xp Pao lo 4.10 12

ez too 40 12
48 dollars
b) Find the number of items to be sold to make a profit of 20 dollars.

pix 4 12 20
2 4 32
8
0 8 itemsshouldbesoldto
make a profitof20dollers
x 8 xius o 1 2.3 4
8 or x
x o
1
Zeng
distances from the ground after t seconds. O
8) A ball is kicked upward from a certain height . The quadratic equation :(;) = −; ! + 2; + 48 provides the
a
a) Find the height of the ball 2 seconds after it is dropped.

t du
2 4 4148 n
4127 48
d 224822 48 i
i

b) Find the initial height of the ball.

l
t0
Ho dlo 0 0 48 48

f
O
042.0 48 48
c) When does the ball hit the ground? D O YINE
4 8 116 0 After8
seconds

detloTroots
Şu
d f th 12T148 0 t 8 or it willhitthegourd
2 at 48 0 t o
7 6 0
t 8
8 1
ÜFE
t 6

d 2
ö
d) When is the ball 24 m above the ground?

Iğe
dlt t 121 48 24
t 12T124 0 tea Ct6 so 6 seconds later

KaanSTemmuzf
t o te
t2 2e za o to
te II 6
2) COMPLETING THE SQUARE METHOD

We use completing the square method when we can’t factorize the given quadratic equation.

As you can remember, we use the perfect square expansion (x + k)2 = x2 +2kx + k2 in order to add and subtract the
missing term for completing the square method.
0 16
e.g.3. Solve 1" + =1 − > = ?
6 57 3
4 3177 HE
0
Solution: we add and subtract the square of half of the coefficient of the term involving x in the equation
(the coefficient of x is 6 so we add 9 and subtract 9)

# ! + 6# + 9 − 9 − 1 = 0 → # ! + 6# + 9 − 10 = 0 → (# + 3)! − 10 = 0

Now, all we need to do is factorizing the left hand side of the last expression to find the solutions.

@# + 3 − √10B@# + 3 − √10B = 0 → # + 3 − √10 = 0 /0 # + 3 + √10 = 0 → # = −3 ± √10

So the solutions of # ! + 6# − 1 = 0 are # = −3 + √10 and # = −3 − √10

Note: If the coefficient of x2 is not 1 in the quadratic equation, then divide both sides of the equation with an
appropriate number to make it 1.

e.g.4. Find the solutions of

8 0
1) # ! + 6# = 2 2) # ! − 5 = 2#

x
CxtDÜz
6 2 0
özx
majeddupuy
2 6 99 2 0 1,2 2 5 0 xe f x etr o
Eser
4 312 11 0 2 2 1 1 5 0 x l fo o
11 1 56
x 1 56 0

F1 _0 we r fo
Ixt3
1 35 Fl Eşey
x y 6 0

xp xF
13 Fl 3 x135111 0 2
0 4 15 9

çer
x i B
3 Fi o x13511 0

ü
112 3 ri
xp Str

! !
3) # − 8# + 3 = 0 4) 2# − 12# + 1 = 0

2
8ur 16 16 3 0 x F 12
6 0
X 412 13 0 O
t x
x 3129tl
6 9 9 12 0
Hi
x h Ris x 4 131 0 tt x pFEEiz 0

x n rise 4th
Ff F Ix 31
x 31
z
O
K 4th 11 4 ri EFE x Et
4 3f
31
TE XE 2 3
FI FI 7
 5) 2# ! − 4# − 7 = 0 6) 2# ! − # − 3 = 0

2 2x 27 0 4
XZ Xz 3g
3 0
2

1tfE x
E to 76 3 0
O
2 2 1 l 7 0 xy 2 3 x1
we
2
Itfcm k
2
761 0

ti HI2
X
Iz o 5şsa
x
tf SEE 1,23
xH
Ef O
xel TE x teh 16
a E x HFI o 1 Ik2 l
s I
y
tu Ey or

ME
x
Etty
X E114 4 32 7 1
#
7) 6# ! = 3# + $ 8) 2 = 5# ! − 3#
2 2 0
5 3

0
2
6 3 14 0
2
22 0
2
Xz 214 0 Ix 5
2
Zx 1 Foo
Z o

Iz tf Yg 124 0
z
t
mu
3g
x 145 Totty
x
fo 0
I
4 31cm
to
Etf48 Ix E Go
E
liftoff
7

Ix t t f
x I EE or x ti Fi Ix Fol Fo
ty E
ms x tu Fi x fo
fo
t E fi Foss x Foto
I
on

x
ETE

E
s

ss E EB 8
3) QUADRATIC FORMULA

One simple way of solving a quadratic equation is using the quadratic formula. With just one simple formula, we can
find the solutions (roots) of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 easily without using any of the previous methods.

Quadratic Formula:

If D ≠ ? and E = F" − GDH (read as delta or discriminant), then the solutions (roots) of quadratic the equation

ax2 + bx + c = 0 are

z
&' ) √+ &' & √+

İÜK
I% = and I " =
", ",

Proof: We simply use the method of completing the square to find the quadratic formula.

- /
When we divide both sides of ax2 + bx + c = 0 by ‘ a ’ , we have x ! + . x + . = 0 .

- !
Now we add and subtract K!.L to left hand side of the equation and get

- - ! - ! / - - ! / - -! &$./
x ! + . x + K!.L − K!.L + . = 0 → (x + !.)! − $.! + . = 0 → (x + !.)! − $.!
=0

Using difference of two squares we factorize the last expression as

- √-! &$./ - √-! &$./ - √-! &$./ - √-! &$./

Mx + !. − !.
N . Mx + !. + !.
N = 0 → x = − !. + !.
or x = − !. − !.

&-)√-! &$./ &-&√-! &$./

and we find the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 as x = !.
or x = !.

If we let E = F" − GDH , then the solutions (roots) of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 become

&')√+ &'&√+
I% = and I " =
", ",

We read the symbol E as ‘discriminant’ since it discriminates the following three cases:

i) If E > ? , then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has two distinct real roots.

ii) If E = ? , then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has two equal (double or single or one) real roots.

(i.e. ## = #! = − !1)
0
taoco nc dentl
iii) If E < ? , then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has no real roots. In this case, roots are imaginary (complex) numbers,
since √E is not a real number.
FazF 9

Z
e.g.5. Find the solutions by using the quadratic formula.

1) 2x2 + 7x + 3 = 0
D b Çac
a 2 bI b s
x
a2 D b Gac
Sü ze
z
1xz
a

yüz
gbit3 D 72 4 2 3
as 2g 5 5
5252
7
zz 22 55 3 1
D 25 x 7 xz

NEYI
7
D 0
twoxp 5ft
distinctrealroots x 2 1 z X2 3 3
2) x2 – 8x + 6 = 0

xz b2
Ia x br

Efzar
9 e1 is _b has
A b çac a
181 10
be 8 a _C85 4 6 x c8 540 2 ss 4 no 4 50
ze
kG EEEE
c 64 24 2e
is _Go 8 2510 xr 218
F
x
4
82T
z
D 0
2
Xz
4 4 To
twodistinctrealroots 4 4 50

n taze
3) x2 + 10x + 25 = 0

b s H Mtr
31 x
bx kac
emr
a e b b Goc a
D
Is
b to a 102 4.1.25 Otro x 10 8
6 c 2510 is too too 100 4a 1.25
a 55 2 53
D o

EEE
Xz
2
D O
x 5
X 5 O
single oof Xt 5
4) x2 + 3x + 6 = 0
5 15
a I D b has D 1540 No real roots

İÖ IIşat
b 3 D 32 4.16
6 A g 24
D 15

Remark1: As you can see, we can understand the nature of the roots without solving the quadratic equations from the
value of the discriminant.

Remark2: If a, b, c are rational numbers and Δ>0 is a perfect square

(such as 1, 4, 9 etc. , then the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are rational numbers.

Remark3: If a, b, c are rational numbers and Δ>0 is not a perfect square, then the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are
irrational numbers.

And if one of the roots is T − U√V , then the other one is T + U√V .
10
 e.g.6. In each of the following quadratic equations, first find the nature of the roots and then if exists find their
solution set.
ax2 bx c 0
!
1) # + 4# − 3 = 0 2) # ! − 5# − 2 = 0
2
1 3
a l b 4c b F b a 1 b 5 x bzLxz bz
ara
9 D b hac za za
D b Uac
d b hee 4 5 5
is 14244113
x 522 5 a2ri 9 55 44112
162 4.1
x
z z
2
is 16 12
is_28 3 428
XD 2217 ZF
Ax 2572
4 25 8
DWAİT
33
X 2 1ft
_33
xp 2 ft
a 5
Sg 1233,5 1
ZTE
Xp
SS EE z E
2
57 5
22
ax bx c o
3) # ! − 2# − 3 = 0 4) #(#or
+ 3) = 1

bi 2
a b Gac
a 254.113
Fsa
x 13 1 x BIE
za
x b
za
x 3 1 0
a _4 12
e6 a 1b zc y 5132
3 Xz 3
2 2
IS 1,33 D b 4ac
Rmğze
x
BITI 2 BI
za D 32 4 e l il
3
X _2
21 xz 2 2I D g14
D 13
fS 13 1 32
1 2
44 3 Xz 21 1

ax'tbx c
5) 2# ! + 2 = 5# 6) 3# ! − y
#−4=0
x bars xzeb.es
2 2 5 2 0 a z b Lc 4 I 2
b r b
a b s z x E 1 49
xi.hr
b 4ac 4acis
5 5 b b2
a est 4 2.2
x
42 x
D ftp 4z.fu x
II z
a _25 16 z 4 1 ZEEEEEE
D I 148 4 61
g
Ss 1,2 49 669
x
xz
4 1

Ss lies
7) # ! − 3 = 6# 8) # ! = 12# − 36
2 6 3 0 2 12
36 0
a i a b Gac
b 6 a 36 4.1131 a r be 12 e 36
y 0 36 12
is 48 D b hoc bt BID
Ze
6 6 D 144 4 136 x 12 xz
x
btr x 241 421 3 25
2 2
Dtest144 144
BI 618 6 3 ers x 12 0 z
x
za z 421 D 2
1 6 4 6 11

55 96
 ax2ibxtc
!
9) 20 = # − # o.mn
10) #(# − 6) + 9 = 0

O x2 x 20
b IX2 6 9 0
a t b l c 20 x be q Za b
Za a 1 b 6 c g z 2a
D b 4ac Itr x 18
LD 4 t l 20 2 2
B b2 Hac GII
D 1 80 x HI
z
z 2 D
WEE G 4 1g 2 Z
B 81 X 5 Xz 4 D 36 36 X
2
D
doubleoett 4,2 3 SS 3
SS 4,5

11) #(# + 2) = 35 12) 4# ! + 4# + 1 = 0

12 112 0 9 0 doubleeat
2x 35
xz 2Iy
2 2 35 0 2 ir
z 2 0
2 1
x Xz 2z12
is b hoc z x 12
2 is 22 u t l 5 x _g xz 2 ranza
35 a 4 140
a 14470 55 75
twedistinet
roots

13) 5# ! + 1 = 4# 14) (# + 1)! = 4

42 11 4 1 15 4
x 12 3 0 1 111 2
üzere x 2 3 0 a _lb 2c x11
1 1 2
3
i
bird x 1 x
2e
1 311 11 0
x 3 x t

12
 e.g.7. Find the value of m if
doubleroot
1) # ! + 6# + T − 2 = 0 has no real roots 2) (T + 1)# ! − 4# + 1 = 0 has two equal real roots.
mm mm
a 1 b 6 m2 HO D O
M1 O
a ml 16 4o1
b 4acho
o
YIL
b 4
bD2 4ac
m
üzücü
c I 16 4 mtl 1 0
364.1cm2 so 94m 2
4cm2 LO â 16 4M 4 0
36
36 Lim1840
11LMO 12 4M O
M 41100 12 Lim
44 4mW
44h4m m 3
11cm

ax't bxtc o
3) # ! + 2# + T + 5 = 0 has two distinct real roots. !
4) T# + (2#
man
− 1)# + T − 2 = 0 has at most one real root.
Mum

Ç
s
D 070
O 8283
a m DEO
a1 b Hac O
b2 b 2m 1 b 4acEO
22 4e mtg o c
meş m 2
mt5
4 4cm
15170 Gme5 41m1cm 2 to
4 Gm 2070 8m10
4am 1670
444mA
MEEN 4
4M 16 Gm1110
4mL 1
me 4 me t
2&!
5) T# ! + 2T# + T − 2 = 0 has two real roots. 6) (T + 1)# !
DÎDO − (T − 3)# + = 0 has at least one real root.
mm $

DX 870
a M D b Uac O b 4ac7 O
b 2M G Mtl
c m 2
2m12 4 m 4 2170 b Cms m 3132 4 met
m

MI
Kimmm
c
4mF 8m70 4 m 312 70
wase

8m70 m2 Gm19 M 2 mtm 2

70m70 me 6m g
m 12M m 127,0

ME 0,8 5min70 13

117,5M ME 61
melt
 O
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ROOTS AND THE COEFFICIENTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

The roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are

&-)√3 &-&√3
x# = and x! = , where Δ = b! − 4ac .
!. !.

i) The sum of the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 is denoted by 1% + 1" and

&-&√3 &-)√3 &-&√3)&-)√3 &!- -

1% + 1" = + = = =−
!. !. !. !. .

-
i.e. If x1 and x2 are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 , then 1% + 1" = − .

ii) The product of the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 is denoted by 1% ∙ 1" and

&-&√3 &-)√3 4&-&√354&-)√35 -! &3 -! &-! )$16 $16 6

1% ∙ 1" = ∙ = = = = =
!. !. $1 ! $1 ! $1 ! $1 ! 1

/
i.e. If x1 and x2 are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 , then 1% ∙ 1" = .

Mtl2 Xp Xz E
e.g.8. Find the sum and the product of the roots of

1) # ! − 6# + 10 = 0 2) 3# ! − 7 = 2#
IEÜzo 3) 9# ! − 8# + 3 = 0

q Att
L I
X xz
by Ytl23
2 2 7 0 a 9 X1 2 4
1 10 b 8 CI
b 6 4 XTE 62 3 XE 4th by
a Xp 9
y c 3
c 10 6 b 2 x x t
c 7 g
G EEE
x Xz Ea
xz Ea
x Xz g
3
a 4 2 1 g

4) (# + 4)#A
=6
artk
10 E
5) 2#(# − 5) + 4 = 0 6) 5# ! = 4# − 15

2 4 15 0
2
10 4 0 5
2 4 6 2
x2 4 6 0 9 5 x 12 4
a _2
10
X 12 4 b 4
al
b4
x xz 4 4 b
402 5
0 15
b
c 4 çok x 12
Xz 4 6 I
5
X Xz Ea X Xz
112 1
14

2
2 3
 al b 5 c 3
e.g.9. If x# and x! are the roots of x2 –5x + 3 = 0 , then find

S 1 5
x# +x! x# . x!
4
3 3
a
ÇI
5
1 1 1 2 1 41 12 x#! . x! + x# x!! X Xz x 1 2

mE Xp X2 3
+

İYİ
LE
x# x!
E x albtab tabfatb
3 5
15 15

X1 1 5
x x 3 a b
ÜÜ
b a ab 15 İÜ
ab ab ab _3ab
x#! + x!! X1425 2 1 2 x#7 + x!7

52
YE2.3
Is

6
XHXz
aa x EEEE
x xi XI

5 16
25 5 19 3 82
x txi 1g Ez
5 16

80
L 2
MEÇEZE
M 2 E
4 2 0
e.g.10. If m and n are the roots of x2 + 2 = 4x , then find M nt 4
a 1 b 4 c 2
x2 4 2 0
any
1) m+n b 2) m.n Ea 3) m-1 + n-1 4) m2 + n2
a a r 2

Ö
m 12mm1

öze
h In
Mtn
Tn
m n 7 4 mn 4 2 n m
16 m't 4th
4
Mtn
üç 21 2 12 eni n
ntm.mn
m.n z
! 9
5) m3. n2+ m2. n3 6) n2 – 4n – 5 7) m + 8 8) 3n + :

mn.cm n
Mnlmtn
mm men
n 4 2 0 m't2 4m 3 nth
nG 4n nel
5
MnİLmtn
22 4
2
LEm
m
3 4
d Şeye
7
n Un 5
15
4 u 4 I 12
416 4
14
4rem
T
 4
e.g.11. If one of the roots of (m+1)x2 + 5x + m–6 = 0 is –1, then find the value of m and the other root.
MIT
X I
xz615 5ÇETEYİ
6
a Mtl Mtl m 6 0 1 0
fi 5CYa1
yy Işe
men 5 1M 6 0 x Xc E züE
6 1 10 0 z
M a
C
2M 1 I
Xz
4 X2 61 m1 5_X2
1 6
x 12
2
61
e.g12. If one of the roots of (m-2)x – 4x + 3m–2
q2= 0 is 2, then find the value of m and the other root.
O
9 24 2 Lm41m 13m 12 0 0
21.42 8813M12 M
5843M 52 0 2 2
4 0 0

sayE
b 4 4m
Gm 8 8 13in12 0

O.üzEEE E
X Xz o
7 m 28 0
m 4 2 Xz O 2 0
e.g.13. If x# and x! are the roots of x2 – 6x + m–2 = 0 and x# = 2. x! , find the value of m.

X1 2 6 6xtm
X1 2
4 6
I
X 2 0

SEÇE
2 21 2 6 I 6.2 1M L o

3 2 6 G 12th 2 0
2 2 m 10 0
x 4 on _to
e.g.14. If x# and x! are the roots of x2 – 5x + 2m–1 = 0 and 2x# − x! = 4, find the value of m.

x1 2 5 XZ 5 4 7 0
12
4 2x Xc 4
X1 I
1 32 5.3 12M 1 0
1 31 9
X1 2 5 x 3
tey
9 15 1cm 1 0

Zm 7 0
m I
e.g.15. If m and n are the roots of x2 + (k+3)x + 8 = 0 and m = n! , find the value of k. a

0
X Xz Ea 4 31 18 2

m.n e8 fm.n çe8 HITFİNS

22 4 312 8 0
O

i 4 24 6 8 0
t.i.IE
n'on
M n 8 n3 8 26 18 0
n I k 9
9 m n mum Yurtex'YE 16
 WRITING THE QUADRATIC EQUATION WHOSE ROOTS ARE KNOWN

If x = x# and x = x! are the solutions of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 , then we can ‘work backwards’ to
find the original equation. A quadratic equation with the two solutions x = x# and x = x! is

(x − x# ). (x − x! ) = 0 .

And when we remove the brackets we get x ! − x# . x − x! . x + x# . x! = 0 → x ! − (x# + x! )x + x# . x! = 0

as the quadratic equation whose roots are x# and x! .

If we let ^ = I % + I " and _ = I % . I " , then the quadratic equation with the roots x# and x! becomes

x ! − Sx + P = 0

Similarly, If we say ax2 + bx + c = 0 is the quadratic equation whose roots are x# and x! , then we can find it
follows:

- /
When we divide ax2 + bx + c = 0 by a, we get x ! + x + = 0 which can be written as
. .

- / ' /
x ! − K− . L . x + . = 0 . Since ^ = I % + I " = − , and _ = I % . I " = . , the quadratic equation with the roots
x# and x! again becomes

x ! − Sx + P = 0

e.g.16. Write the quadratic equation whose solutions (roots) are

3 and 4 1/2 and 3/2 5 10 0

a b
Solution: x! = 3 and x" = 4 are given. 5 12 22 1 2 XZ 2 3 0
So, S = x! + x" = 3 + 4 = 7 and
P = x! . x" = 3.4 = 12 and the quadratic eqn is 4 2 8 13 0
x " − Sx + P = 0 → x " − 7x + 12 = 0
şef
P Iz
– 5 and 2 y 0 and 2
x 5 12 0 d
52 3
SXts O3 10 0 v 5 10 0
X 2 012 2
D 1512 10
2
8 2 0 0
12 0.2 0 2x o

d 8 x 8 28 0
X 112 0
x 5 112 0 f y 5 17 0
5 818 16 16 640 5 0 0 0 0 0
0
p 88 64 17 0.0 0 2 0

3 + √2 and 3 − √2 5 − 2√3 and 5 + 2√3

g h şef
X 10 13 0
S 3152 3 52 6 2
6 70 g 5 253 5 25 10
s 352 311 312 g 2b 5 253 52 431
2 g
7
p 25 12
13 17

Atb a b a b
 e.g.17. If x# and x! are the roots of x " − 5x + 3 = 0, write the quadratic equation whose solutions (roots) are
1 2 5
1) x# − 3 and x! − 3 2) 2x# + 1 and 2x! + 1
Xy.Xz 3
t
her
S 2x 11 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 12
Solution: From the eqn x! + x" = 5 and x! . x" = 3
2 x 1 2 12
2.5 12
XII 2 1 23
S = x! − 3 + x" − 3 = x! + x" − 6 = 5 − 6 = −1
12

4 1Xz1211 12 4
P = (x! − 3). (x" − 3) = x! . x" − 3(x! + x" ) + 9 = −3

And the Quadratic eqn is x " − Sx + P = 0 →

P 2X11 2 1
1Xix 126 1 11
4 2
x" + x − 3 = 0
4 3 2.5 1
12 10 1
3)
#
;"
and
#
<!
;
4) ;" and
!
;!
;"
23

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p XI XI L
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2
3 5 1 0 3 219 3 0
e.g.18. If x# and x! are the roots of x "
ay
− 2x − 6 = 0, write the quadratic equation whose solutions (roots) are
X1 2 2
1) x# + 4 and x! + 4 2) 3x# − 2 and 3x! − 2
x xz 6
S X141 2 41121 8 f 3x 2 32 2 3 1 32 4
3411 4 4 2
10 2 62
12 xtTI41 x x 4 4 16 3.2 4
xx 41 1 116 ZEZ 3
6 4 2116 p 3x 2 3 2 2 9 1 2 Gx 6 214
18
gx x 6 x xD14
2 10 18 0 g 61 61214
54 1214
62
# # 7 7
3) + x! and + x# 4) ; − x! and − x#
;" ;! " ;!

a
sixth 1 1 1 P tx s x x 2

T 11 4 1 2 ftp.tfixiixr.fixix x x
ca ca 11 1 41 9 Xz xx
3 3 1 xuxa i
Ktx x1 2 Emeğe
ax
2 312 5
If 12 6 614 3cxy.tn Cxxp 3 31 2
6 E 4
If 2 x 3 12 0 18
2
5 261 0 1
3
ay 6 2 10 25 0
oµ2x 16 11 0
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