Grade 9 Water Dr.

Kovleen Sahni
Q1. Draw the water cycle.

Q2. How is water purified?

Water is purified by removing:

Suspended impurities Filtration

Dissolved impurities Distillation
Bacterial impurities Chlorine

Q3. State the physical properties of water.

1. Nature : colourless, odourless, tasteless.
2. Boiling point : At 760mm Hg, pure water boils at 100oC
3. Freezing point : Pure water freezes at 0oC at 1 atm.
4. Density : At 4oC water, has maximum density1g/cm3
5. Anomalous expansion of water : Water on cooling, first contracts then expands below 4oC till
temperature reaches 4oC.
6. Latent heat of fusion : 336J/g or 80cal/g.
7. Latent heat of vaporisation : 2268J/g or 540 cal/g
8. Specific heat capacity : 4.2J.
Q4. Define
1. Boiling point : It is the temperature when vapor pressure of water equals atmospheric pressure.
2. Freezing point/ melting point of ice : The temperature at which
Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni
3. Latent heat of fusion : The amount of heat required by ice to change into water.
4. Latent heat of vaporisation : The energy required to change water to its vapor state without any
change in temperature.
5. Specific heat capacity : The fixed amount of heat absorbed by 1g of water, when heated through
10C .
Q5. Give reason
1. Pressure cookers are used to cook food in the hills :
Atmospheric pressure is low. Water boils below 100oC. Food is not cooked properly at low
temperature of water.
Pressure cooker increases pressure over water. Boiling point increases. Enough heat is available to
cook food.
2. Marine life exists in colder regions due to anomalous expansion of water.

Water freezes over the surface at 0oC but remains liquid below ice layer. Ice is an insulator. It does
not allow temperature of water to fall in lower layers. Animals can survive in water below ice.
3. Lakes and rivers do not freeze suddenly.
High specific latent heat of solidification.
4. Evaporation of sweat cools the body.
High latent heat of evaporation of water.
5. Water is used as a coolant in motor car radiators, desert coolers etc.
High specific heat capacity of water.
6. Violence is associated with torrential rains.
Sudden release of latent heat of condensation of water vapor.
7. Water is called a universal solvent.
a) Solids, liquids and gases dissolve in water.
b) It has a high dielectric constant. This reduces electrostatic forces of attraction between positive and
negative ions
8. Distilled and boiling water have no taste.
Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni
1. Dissolved matter like air, CO2 and minerals are absent.
9. Drinking water has taste.
10. Salt water boils at temperature greater than 100oC and freezes below 0oC
Impurities increase the boiling point and decrease the freezing point of water.
Q6. State the importance of dissolved salts in water.
1. Salts and minerals are essential for growth and development.
2. They add taste to water.
3. They supply essential minerals needed by our bodies.
Q7. State the importance of air dissolved in water.
1. Marine life use oxygen dissolved in water for respiration.
2. Aquatic plants use CO2 dissolved in water for photosynthesis.
3. Marine organisms such a snails and oysters extract calcium carbonate from calcium bicarbonate in
water to build their shells.
Q8. How can we expel air from water?
By boiling it.
Q9. What is a solution ?
It is a homogeneous mixture of two or more components.
Q10. What is a binary solution?
Made of two components.
Q11. What are the two components of a solution?
a) Solvent : The component present in large amount and serves as medium of dissolution.
b) Solute : The substance that dissolves in solvent to form a solution.
Q12.

Type of solution Example

Liquid in liquid Water and alcohol

Solid with liquid Sugar solution

Liquid with gas Soda water

Solid in solid Brass ( 70% Cu and 30% Zn)

13. What is a true solution. Enlist its properties.

A homogenous solution in which the size of solute particles is 10-10m.
Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni
1. It is a homogeneous mixture.
2. Solute particles are small 10-10m.
3. It is clear and transparent.
4. It does not scatter light.
5. Components cannot be separated by filtration.
6. Solute particles in solution do not settle down.
Q14. Name some solvents other than water that form non aqueous solutions.
Alcohol, petrol, ether, benzene, liquid ammonia.
Q15. What is tincture of iodine?
Solution of iodine in alcohol.
Q16. What is a dilute solution?
Amount of solute is less compared to mass of solvent.
Q17. What is a concentrated solution?
Amount of solute is more for a given mass of solvent.
Q18. Define the following:
1. Saturated solution :
Solution that cannot dissolve any more of the solute at a given temperature.
2. Unsaturated solution : A solution in which more of solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.
3. Supersaturated solution : A solution that contains more solute than its saturated solution at that
temperature.
4. Solubility: Amount of solute that dissolves 100g solvent to form a saturated solution at a particular
temperature.
Q19. How can we make a saturated solution unsaturated?
1. By heating it.
2. Adding more solvent.
Q20. When do crystals form?
When a saturated solution is cooled. A part of solute separates out in the form of crystals.
Q21. Give examples of the following:

Soluble salt NaCl ( high solubility)

Sparingly soluble salt Ca(OH)2

Insoluble AgCl ( negligible solubility)

Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni
Q22. What are the factors that determine solubility of a salt?
a) Size of solute particles : Smaller the size, greater is surface area, more is solubility
b) Stirring : More solvent is brought in contact with solvent hence more solubility.
c) Temperature : Solubility of gases decrease with rise in temperature but solubility of solids increase
with rise in temperature.
Q22. Give examples of the following salts:

Solubility increases with increase in temperature Potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate ( both
endothermic reaction)

Solubility decreases with increase in temperature Calcium sulphate hydrated, cerium sulphate,
calcium hydroxide ( exothermic reactions)

Solubility remains same with increase in NaCl

temperature/ increases slightly

Solubility first increases then decreases with Glauber’s salt

temperature

Q23. State Henry’s law

At any given temperature, the mass of a gas dissolved in fixed volume of liquid is directly proportional
to pressure on the surface of the liquid.
eg. Solubility of CO2 increases when the soda bottle is corked. On opening the bottle, dissolved gas
rapidly bubbles out as pressure suddenly decreases.
Q24. How does increase in temperature effect solubility of a gas?
A24. Solubility decreases. On boiling water loses its taste.
Q25. Give reason :
a) Chilled soft drink bottles give out more fizz.
A decrease in temperature of water, increases the solubility of gases in water.
b) Table salt becomes moist in rainy season.
Magnesium chloride and calcium chloride present in salt are deliquescent substances.
Q26. Define
a) Crystal : It is a homogenous solid of definite geometrical shape.
b) Crystallisation : Process by which crystals of substance are obtained by cooling a hot saturated
solution.
Q27. What are the colors of crystals due to ?
a) Copper sulphate ( blue ) Due to water of crystallisation
b) Ruby (red) Traces of mercuric oxide.
Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni
Q28. How are crystals prepared? How will you prepare crystals of copper sulphate in the lab?
a) By cooling a hot saturated solution
b) Slowly evaporating a saturated solution
c) Cooling a fused mass
d) Sublimation
Q29. Write the steps involved in the preparation of CuSO4 crystals
1. Make saturated solution of copper sulphate.
2. Filter it.
3. Allow filtrate to cool and leave it for a day.
4. Crystals appear at the bottom.
5. Suspend a few of these crystals by a thread in cooled saturated solution of copper sulphate.
6. Cover the beaker to prevent entry of dust.
Observation : After a few days crystals appear to have grown in size in the solution.. The suspended
crystal acted as seed crystal.
Filter the crystals and dry between folds of paper.

Q30. Define
a) Hydrated substances ; Substances having water molecules of crystallization chemically attached to
the salt.
eg sodium carbonate deca hydrate
copper sulphate penta hydrate
Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni
b) Anhydrous substances ; Substances without water molecules of crystallization chemically attached
to the salt.
eg NaCl, KNO3, gaseous HCl
c) Water of crystallisation : Fixed amount of water that is associated with some compounds which is
an integral part of their crystalline structure.

Compound Formula

Washing soda crystals Na2CO3.10H2O

Epsom salt MgSO4.7H2O

Plaster of Paris CaSO4.1/2H2O

White vitriol ZnSO4.7H2O

Q31. Show through an experiment that blue vitriol contains water molecules of crystallisation.
Procedure:
1. Take blue crystals in a clean dry test tube.
2. Heat them.
Observation
1. Blue crystals turn white anhydrous powder.
2. Water droplets appear on sides of the glass tube.
Reaction:
CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4 + 5H2O
Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni
Q32. Name few crystalline substances that do not have water of crystallisation:
NaCl, KNO3, sugar, KMnO4
Q33. Define the following with examples:
a) Efflorescence: The phenomenon where a compound loses its water of crystallization on exposure to
dry air. The substances are called efflorescent.
Na2CO3.10H2O Na2CO3.H2O + 9H2O
Na2SO4. 10H2O Na2SO4 + 10H2O
MgSO4.7H2O MgSO4. H2O + 6H2O
b) Deliquescence : The phenomenon where certain water soluble substances when exposed to
atmosphere at ordinary temperatures, absorb atmospheric moisture, become moist and lose their
crystalline form and ultimately dissolve in absorbed water to form a saturated solution.
Eg. NaOH, KOH, MgCl2, CaCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2
c) Hygroscopy :Certain substances absorb moisture from air but not enough to form solution. Such
substances are called hygroscopic and phenomenon is called hygroscopy.
Eg. Concentrated sulphuric acid
P2O5, CaO, silica gel
Q34. Differentiate between the following:

Drying agent Dehydrating agent

It removes moisture from substances They remove chemically combined elements of

water in the ratio of 2:1 ( hydrogen : oxygen)
from a compound.

They are used to dry gases like chlorine, SO2, They prepare substances like CO, sugar charcoal
HCl. Also used in dessicators etc
HCOOH CO + H2O
C12H22O11 12 C + 11H2O

They represent a physical change as compositions They represent a chemical change as new
do not change during drying of substances. substances are formed.
P2O5, CaCl2, CaO, H2SO4 Conc H2SO4, Al2O3
Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni
Q35.

Hard water Soft water

Contains dissolved salts- bicarbonates, chlorides Does not contain these salts
or sulphates of calcium or magnesium

Does not form lather with soap eg. Boring water Forms lather with soap eg. Municipal water

Unsuitable for drinking and washing. Suitable for drinking and washing

Has taste and is used to prepare beverages Has flat taste if free of salts

Q36.

Temporary hardness Permanent hardness

Water that contains only hydrogen Contains chlorides and sulphates of calcium and
carbonates of calcium and magnesium magnesium

The hardness can be removed by boiling Hardness cannot be removed by boiling

BOIL Treatment with soda ash

Ca( HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 CaSO4 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + Na2SO4
CaCl2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaCl

Q36. Explain the cleansing action of soap.

1. Soap is dissolved in water.
2. Molecules stick as clusters called micelles.
3. Hydrocarbon tail of soap attaches to grease/ dirt and sticks inwards.
4. Head of soap sticks outwards towards water ( hydrophilic)
5. Many tails of soap molecules stick to dirt on stirring.
6. The solution contains small globules of dirt surrounded by soap/ detergent molecules.
7. The heads are negatively charged and prevent sticking of other globules to form aggregates.
8. On washing, the dirt is removed as micelles leaving the clean cloth behind.
Grade 9 Water Dr. Kovleen Sahni