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A Study on Construction Process of Super-Structural Components of a Ten

Storied Shopping Mall &Residential Building at Welcome1, Uttarkhan-Dhaka.

Technical Report · September 2023

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.19383.70564

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A Study on Construction Process of Super-Structural Components
of a Ten Storied Shopping Mall &Residential Building at
Welcome1, Uttarkhan-Dhaka.

IUBAT— International University of Business Agriculture and

Technology

Practicum Report

By

Md. Mohan Sharker

ID: 14106065

DHAKA

SUMMER 2019

i
 A Study on Construction Process of Super-Structural Components
of a Ten Storied Shopping Mall &Residential Building at
Welcome1, Uttarkhan-Dhaka.
Practicum Report

By
Md. Mohan Sharker
ID: 14106065

Practicum Supervisor
Engr. Md. Anisur Rahman (Titu), M.Sc., FIEB

Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering, IUBAT

Examination Committee
Name Position Signature

Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul Islam Chair, Dept. of Civil Engineering

Engr. Md. Anisur Rahman(Titu) Practicum (CEN 488)

M.Sc.(2nd), FIEB12236 (MIEB22063) Supervisor

Department of Civil Engineering

College of Engineering and Technology (CEAT)

IUBAT- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology,

Dhaka, Bangladesh
This practicum report is done for the partial fulfillment of requirements for the Bachelor of
Science degree at the IUBAT - International University of Business Agriculture and Technology,
Dhaka, Bangladesh

SUMMER 2019

ii
 Letter of Transmittal

September 13, 202319

Prof. Dr. Md. Monirul Islam
Chair and Course Coordinate, Department of Civil Engineering
IUBAT— International University of Business Agriculture and Technology
4 Embankment Drive Road, Sector 10, Uttara Model Town,
Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
Subject: Submission of Practicum Report.
Dear Sir,
This is a great opportunity and immense for me to submit my internship report on “A Study on
the construction work of super structural of a ten storied shopping mall & residential building”. I
have got the opportunity to work in “Welcome1 Properties Ltd” for my internship program,
which is an essential part of my academic program.

I have tried my level best to prepare this report to the required standard. It was certainly a great
opportunity for me to work on this report to actualize my theoretical knowledge in the practical
arena.
I express my heart full gratitude to you to go through this report and make your valuable
comments. It would be very kind of you, if you please evaluate my performance regarding this
report.

Thanking you

Sincerely yours,

………………………..

Md. Mohan Sharker

ID: 14106065

Program: BSCE

iii
 Student Declaration

I am declaring that this report on “A Study on Construction Process of Super-Structural

Components of a Ten Storied Shopping Mall &Residential Building at Welcome1,
Uttarkhan-Dhaka.” has only been prepared for the partial fulfillment of the degree Bachelor of
Science in Civil Engineering (BSCE).

It has not been prepared for any other purpose, reward or presentation and has not been
submitted for any other purpose in any other organization.

……………………..
Md. Mohan Sharker
Program: BSCE
ID # 14106065

iv
 Executive Summary

" A Study on Construction Process of Super-Structural Components of a Ten

Storied Shopping Mall &Residential Building at Welcome1, Uttarkhan-
Dhaka." is the title of my report which is based on my four months internship working
experience as a trainee engineer in Welcome1 properties Ltd. I have been monitored for the
super structural components construction process. I got the idea about materials and equipment
which was used our projects. I got details knowledge about design specification of our project.
The report was compared theoretical and practical Data regarding the uses of casting material,
shuttering material and reinforcements. I discussed on some irregularities that I found during my
internship in the project. I included some recommendation based on my experience. Finally I
conclude my report in conclusion part.

v
 Acknowledgements

In the process of preparation of my practicum report, I am very thankful to the Almighty Allah
who made me able to complete my research and the practicum report.
First of all I would like to pay my gratitude to our respected Prof. Dr. Engr. Md. Monirul
Islam, Chair, Department of Civil Engineering, IUBAT, who gave me the opportunity to do the
report.

I deeply express my gratitude to our honorable supervisor Engr. Md. Anisur Rahman Sir,
Faculty, Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IUBAT for his immense fearless
assistance, guidance and advice with encouragement.

In addition, I wish to thank Engr Md. Shamsuddin Chowdhury (Site Engineer) and also Abdul
Alim (Chief Engineer) sir, for their kind cooperation and continuous support during my study. I
would like to thanks to all other staffs of Welcome1 Properties Ltd. for their assistance.
I would like to thanks to all other faculty members of civil engineering department for their
assistance.

Finally, we would like to thanks again to the respected Vice-Chancellor of IUBAT, Prof Dr.
Abdur Rab, because he showing his great wisdom has arranged such kind of educational activity
through which a student can have a slight taste of the actuality, brutality and also beauty of
professional life

vi
vii
Recommendation Letter

viii
 Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1

1.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Scope of the Work ................................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................. 2
1.5 Limitation of the Work .......................................................................................................... 2
1.7 Learning from Practicum Work ............................................................................................ 3
CHAPTER 2: COMPANY OVERVIEW & PROJECT INFORMATION .................................... 4
2.1 General .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2 Background ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Company Address and other Details ..................................................................................... 5
2.4 Company Mission and Vision ............................................................................................... 6
2.5 Organogram ........................................................................................................................... 6
2.6 Activities of Welcome1 Properties Ltd. ................................................................................ 7
CHAPTER 3: PROJECTS DETAILS AND DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS .................................. 8
3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Location ................................................................................................................................. 8
3.3 Basic Information on of our Project ...................................................................................... 9
3.4 Typical Floor Plan ............................................................................................................... 10
3.5 Design Specification ........................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 4: CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ........................................................................ 17
4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 17
4.2.1.1 Float Test ................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.1.2 Temperature Test ....................................................................................................... 18
4.2.1.4 Adulteration Test of Cement ..................................................................................... 20
4.3 Fine Aggregate .................................................................................................................... 20
4.3.1.1 Clay Test .................................................................................................................... 21

ix
 4.3.1.2 Test of Silt ................................................................................................................. 22
4.3.1.3 Salt test of sand .......................................................................................................... 22
4.4 Coarse Aggregate: ............................................................................................................... 23
4.5 Bricks .................................................................................................................................. 24
4.7 Reinforcement ..................................................................................................................... 26
4.8 Water ................................................................................................................................... 27
4.9 Bamboo & Plain Sheet ........................................................................................................ 27
4.10 Equipments ........................................................................................................................ 27
CHAPTER -5 COLUMN CONSTRUCTIONS............................................................................ 32
5.1 Introduction: ........................................................................................................................ 32
5.2 Column Layout .................................................................................................................... 32
5.3 Column Schedule ................................................................................................................ 34
5.4 Column kicker ..................................................................................................................... 35
5.5 Reinforcement Placement of Column ................................................................................. 35
5.6 Column Shuttering Preparation ........................................................................................... 37
5.7 Column shutter placing ....................................................................................................... 37
5.8 Vertical alignment checking of column .............................................................................. 38
5.9 Column Casting ................................................................................................................... 39
5.9.1 Concrete Mixing Procedure ............................................................................................. 39
5.9.2 Vibrating Process ............................................................................................................. 40
5.10 Column Curing .................................................................................................................. 41
5.15 Work schedule of column ................................................................................................. 42
CHAPTER 6: CONSTRCTION PROCESS OF BEAM .............................................................. 43
6.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 43
6.2 Bamboo props details of beam ............................................................................................ 43
6.3 Props Diameter Details of Beam ......................................................................................... 44
6.4 Bamboo props Diameter Analysis....................................................................................... 44
6.5 Beam Layout Plan ............................................................................................................... 46
6.6 Formwork of Beam Construction........................................................................................ 47
6.7 Reinforcement Placing ........................................................................................................ 47
6.8 Checking Stirrup and Hook ................................................................................................. 48

x
 6.9 Stirrups spacing checking.................................................................................................... 49
6.10 Checking a Specification of Beam .................................................................................... 49
CHAPTER -7: CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF SLAB ........................................................... 51
7.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 51
7.2 Formwork of Slab................................................................................................................ 51
7.3 Leveling ............................................................................................................................... 52
7.4 Placing Plain sheet of slab ................................................................................................... 53
7.5 Slab Detail ........................................................................................................................... 54
7.6 Reinforcement bar placing of slab ...................................................................................... 55
7.7 Bar Spacing Check .............................................................................................................. 55
7.8 Clear Cover for Top and Bottom Layer Reinforcement of Slab ......................................... 56
7.9 Placing Electric Pipe of Slab ............................................................................................... 57
7.10 Beam & Slab Casting ........................................................................................................ 57
7.11 Curing of Slab ................................................................................................................... 61
7.12 Work schedule of beam and slab....................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER 8: STAIR CONSTRUCTION .................................................................................... 62
8.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 62
8.2 Stair plan ............................................................................................................................. 62
8.3 Reinforcement Plan of Stair ................................................................................................ 62
8.4 Tread and Rise ..................................................................................................................... 63
8.5 Formwork of Stair ............................................................................................................... 64
8.6 Reinforcing Work of Stair ................................................................................................... 64
8.7 Stair Casting ........................................................................................................................ 65
8.8 Stair curing .......................................................................................................................... 66
8.9 Work schedule of Stair Case ............................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER-9: KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................... 67
9.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 67
9.2 Understand the Architectural Drawing and design specification ........................................ 67
9.3 Dealing with Contractor ...................................................................................................... 67
9.4 Estimation of construction materials ................................................................................... 67
9.5 Conducted with Engineers .................................................................................................. 68

xi
 9.6 Conducted with Higher Authority ....................................................................................... 68
CHAPTER 10: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION .................................................. 69
10.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 69
10.2 Conclusion......................................................................................................................... 69
10.3 Reference ........................................................................................................................... 70

xii
 List of Figure

Figure 2.1: Company Logo ............................................................................................................. 4

Figure: 2. 2 Company organogram ................................................................................................. 6
Figure: 3.1 Project Location Map ................................................................................................... 8
Figure: 3.2 GF floor plan .............................................................................................................. 10
Figure 3.3: Lap Location.............................................................................................................. 13
Figure 3.4: Clear Cover................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 3.5: Slab end reinforcement ............................................................................................... 14
Figure 3.6: Reinforcement end hook ............................................................................................ 15
Figure 3.7: additional bar, fastening bar in beam ......................................................................... 15
Figure 3.8: Stirrups end hook........................................................................................................ 16
Figure 3.9: Column splice ............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 4. 1: Cement....................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 4.2: Floating test of cement ............................................................................................... 18
Figure 4.3: Temperature test of cement ....................................................................................... 19
Figure 4.4: Color test of cement ................................................................................................... 19
Figure 4.5: Adulteration Test of Cement .......................................................................................... 20
Figure 4.6: Sylhet sand and Local sand ........................................................................................ 20
Figure 4.7: Clay test of sand……………………………………………………………………..21
Figure 4.8: Test of silt ................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 4.9: Salt test of sand.......................................................................................................... 22
Figure 4.10: Collection of Stone ................................................................................................... 22
Figure 4.11: Size and shape checking of brick ............................................................................. 23
Figure 4.12: T test of brick ........................................................................................................... 24
Figure 4.13: Scratch Test of brick................................................................................................. 24
Figure 4.14: Sound Test of brick .................................................................................................. 25
Figure 4.15:Reinforcement ........................................................................................................... 25
Figure 4.16:Bamboo & Plain sheet ............................................................................................... 26
Figure 4.17:Mixture machine........................................................................................................ 27
Figure 4.18:Crane ......................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 4.19:Steel cutter ................................................................................................................. 28
xiii
Figure 4.20:Vibrator machine ....................................................................................................... 28
Figure 4.21:water level…...……………………………………………………………………..28

Figure 4.22:Jute tap ....................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 4.23:Grinding machine ...................................................................................................... 29
Figure 4.24:Binder weir ................................................................................................................ 30
Figure 4.25:Timber ....................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 5.1: Column Layout ........................................................................................................... 32
Figure 5.2: Column Schedule ....................................................................................................... 33
Figure 5.3: Column Kicker ........................................................................................................... 34
Figure 5.4:Column Tie placing ..................................................................................................... 35
Figure 5.5: Column C-4 (15”×30”) ................................................................................................ 35
Figure 5.6: Checking tie spacing .................................................................................................. 35
Figure 5.7: ColumnDesign specification ...................................................................................... 35
Figure 5.8: Preparation of column shutter .................................................................................... 36
Figure 5.9: Placing column shutter ............................................................................................... 37
Figure 5.10: Vertical alignment checking of column ................................................................... 37
Figure 5.11: Mixture Machine ...................................................................................................... 38
Figure 5.12: Mixed Concrete ........................................................................................................ 38
Figure 5.13: Concrete Pouring ...................................................................................................... 39
Figure 5.14: Vibrating Process ..................................................................................................... 39
Figure 5.15: Column Curing ......................................................................................................... 40
Figure 5.16: Work Schedule of Column ........................................................................................ 41
Figure 6.1: Bamboo props placing ................................................................................................ 43
Figure 6.2: Bamboo props ............................................................................................................. 43
Figure 6.3: Bamboo props diameter checking .............................................................................. 44
Figure 6.4: Bamboo props ............................................................................................................. 44
Figure 6.5: Analysis of Bamboo diameter .................................................................................... 45
Figure 6.6: Beam layout ................................................................................................................ 46
Figure 6.7: Formwork of Beam .................................................................................................... 47
Figure 6.8: main bar placing ......................................................................................................... 48

xiv
Figure 6.9: Checking Hook ........................................................................................................... 48
Figure 6.10: Stirrups placing......................................................................................................... 48
Figure 6.11: Stirrups spacing checking ......................................................................................... 49
Figure 6.12: FB-3 layout ............................................................................................................... 49
Figure 7.1: Setting wood runner ................................................................................................... 50
Figure 7.2: Leveling ...................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 7.3: Placing palin sheet of slab .......................................................................................... 52
Figure 7.4: Slab layout .................................................................................................................. 53
Figure 7.5: Reinforcement bar placing of slab.............................................................................. 54
Figure 7.6: Bar spacing check ....................................................................................................... 54
Figure 7.7: Checking clear cover of slab ...................................................................................... 55
Figure 7.8: Placing Electric pipe of slab ....................................................................................... 56
Figure 7.9: Concrete Mixer machine ............................................................................................ 57
Figure 7.10: Pulling concrete by crane ......................................................................................... 57
Figure 7.11: Water spraying at slab before casting....................................................................... 57
Figure 7.12: Checking thickness of slab ....................................................................................... 58
Figure 7.13: Casting of Column portion ....................................................................................... 58
Figure 7.14: Casting of slab .......................................................................................................... 58
Figure 7.15: Using vibrator ........................................................................................................... 59
Figure 7.16: Steel runner place ..................................................................................................... 59
Figure 7.17: Slab curing ................................................................................................................ 60
Figure 7.17: Work Schedule of Beam & Slab .............................................................................. 60
Figure 8.1: Plan of stair case ......................................................................................................... 61
Figure 8.2: Stair case layout.......................................................................................................... 62
Figure 8.3: Checking trade and rise .............................................................................................. 63
Figure 8.4: Formwork of Stair ......................................................................................................... 64
Figure 8.5: Plain sheet and reinforcement placing of stair ........................................................... 65
Figure 8.6: stair casting ................................................................................................................. 65
Figure 8.7: Work Schedule of Stair Case...................................................................................... 66

xv
 List of Table

Table 2.1: Company details .......................................................................................................................... 5

Table 3.1: Lap length .................................................................................................................................. 12
Table 4.1: Stone Chips Size ........................................................................................................................ 23
Table 4.2: Brick Size................................................................................................................................... 24
Table 6.1: Bamboo & Props diameter analysis ........................................................................................... 44

xvi
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
The things we all know is, different structures are built for different purposes with different ways
and materials. Among them reinforced concrete structure is most popular in our country. In my
practicum period I was assigned as trainee engineer at a ten storied shopping mall and residential
building project. The project name was “Omar Shajahan Tower” and it was belong to Welcome 1
Properties LTD. During my practicum period I got the chance to observe the super structural part
of the building which contains column, beam, slab, and stair. I tried to compare theoretical
knowledge with the practical work in my construction site. In this chapter I have discussed about
scope of the study, objective of the study, my responsibilities, and organization of this report.

1.2 Scope of the Work

It was a decent opportunity for me to work under a project. There was an opportunity to watch
and manage the practical work. In my project, I have gain knowledge from site engineers. At
whatever point I don't understand or any work new to me, I ask to site engineers and try to
understand his answer. I worked with designer, engineer, contractors. They share their practical
experience with me. I have learned about the drawing and compare with practical work. I
additionally attempt to understand the sign and image of drawing. I also figure out how to
manage contractor and labors. I have done some lab test and field test of the materials. From this
test I accumulated the information and knowledge about materials that are utilized in my project.

1.3 Objectives of Practicum Work

General Objective:
The main objective of the practicum report is to gather practical knowledge from practical work
of a civil engineering fields.

1
Specific Objectives:

 Understanding drawing and design specification.

 To gather knowledge of estimation of the project work.
 To observe the construction work and learned the procedures of constructions.
 To understand the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge.

1.4 Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of writing this report is to fulfill the requirement of our Bachelor of Science in
Civil Engineering and gaining a practical knowledge of construction work and dealing with a
group of people of construction site and local people. To know the official activity of a
construction company in a regular process is also a good purpose.

1.5 Limitation of the Work

There was numerous limitations during my internship period. The Civil Engineering project is a
long time project. In any case, I worked just four months; it is not possible to gather all kinds of
knowledge from practical field. In my project, I found out about columns, beams, slabs, and
stairs construction. I couldn’t able to gain proficiency with some significant work about sub
structure and soil test.

1.6 Responsibilities on Project

 Comparing drawing and practical work.

 Checking aggregate size and their quality.
 Dealing with contractor and labor.
 Observing and learning labeling for column, beam, slab and stairs.
 Maintaining mix ratio properly.
 Placing the reinforcement according to design.
 Estimating the casting material and observing the casting of column, beam, slab and stairs.

2
1.7 Learning from Practicum Work

 How to check the verticality alignment of column and lapping, clear cover etc.
 How to check the formwork, reinforcement bar spacing, labeling of slab
 How to do the field test of cement, sand and Brick
 Mixing and Casting procedure of concrete
 How to deal with contractor and workers

3
CHAPTER 2: COMPANY OVERVIEW & PROJECT INFORMATION

Figure 2.1: Company Logo

2.1 General

In my Practicum period, we got the opportunity to observe construction work of a residential

building named “OMAR-SHAJAHAN TOWER”.It was an ongoing project of Welcome 1
Properties Ltd. In this chapter we have described about the company.

2.2 Background
“Welcome 1 Properties Ltd.” is committed to becoming the construction industry's best partner,
providing a flexible construction service that addresses the demands and needs of the Public and
Private Sectors. With a focus on creating effective, long- term partnerships, they aims to deliver
world class levels of performance and value- adding construction services for all of our
customers and stakeholders.

Welcome 1 Properties Ltd. has earned a reputation for successfully delivering some of the largest
and most challenging projects on time and within budget. Working with them we have learned
that construction, planning and constructability reviews in the project's engineering phase reduce
challenges and maintains the schedule once a job is underway. Management controls, such as
attention to costs and schedules, concern for safety and strict maintenance of equipment’s
everything contributes to our ability to build projects at the lowest cost and on schedule, without

4
sacrificing quality. This company strength differentiates it from other competitors allowing it to
grow and advance with confidence by:

 Ensuring the most efficient and effective use of scarce and costly resources such as
money, people’s time, materials and equipment to make a successful project.
 Maintaining high standards of quality and workmanship to ensure that beneficiaries
live in pleasant and well-functioning projects; and managing entities enjoy low-
maintenance requirements and expenses for the ultimate benefit of paying occupants.
 Maintaining high standards of health and safety on project sites.
 Setting an example and being a role model for aspiring entrepreneurs and
development organizations in the community.
 Project a reputation for dependable service (on time, within budget, and of good
quality) with clients, communities and funding agencies.
 Project trust and good relations with suppliers, subcontractors, professionals, and
support organizations, which lead to smoother running of projects with fewer
problems, delays and disputes.
 Proving our capability through consistently delivering high quality solutions to
complex challenges.

2.3 Company Address and other Details

Table 2.1: Company details

Name of Company Welcome 1 Properties Ltd

House#506,Shah Kabir Road

Corporate Office
Azampur,Dakhinkhan,Uttara,Dhaka-1230

01876-527186,01748-559073
Phone
01773-134538,01711440660

E-Mail [email protected]

5
2.4 Company Mission and Vision

Welcome 1 Properties Ltd. began its journey with the vision to build aesthetically and
functionally sound building in Dhaka City excelling the standards of present building
technology. Within a very short span of time it has made an impression in making structurally
sound buildings which are rare in our country.

The company committed to ensure quality in each project and for that purpose; the management
gives attention in every aspect of a project such as design, architectural, structural, electrical,
plumbing, execution from material selection to supervision.

To build a construction company that, integrates technical expertise and management capabilities
under one corporate umbrella and is capable of providing responsive, services.

2.5 Organogram

Chairman

Chief Engineer Marketing officer

Executive

Project Engineer Storekeeper

Engineer

Site Engineer

Trainee Engineer My Position

Foreman

Figure 2.2: Company organogram.

6
2.6 Activities of Welcome1 Properties Ltd.

Welcome1 Properties Ltd.is one of the leading developer companies of Bangladesh. Our
apartment projects are located in the Dhaka city. They also have some projects outside of Dhaka.
Most of Our projects are running in the residential areas of the Dhaka city. It is confident on its
own works because:

 WELCOME 1 PROPERTIES ensures the best quality according to the client demand
 Reliability & Responsibility
 A team consists of qualified and well working experienced
 Customer satisfaction is the ultimate goal
 Very competitive price and payment in easy installment
 Ownership of land
 No additional cost for utility (gas, electricity & water) connection
 Supervise while construction to evaluate construction quality.
 Totally hassle and risk free.
 Hand over apartment within the given time
 Use high quality construction material
 Purchase construction material from manufacturers directly.

7
 CHAPTER 3: PROJECTS DETAILS AND DESIGN
SPECIFICATIONS

3.1 Introduction
In this chapter I described about the location of the project including location map, project
description with basement, ground floor, and floor plan. During my internship period I collect
the structural drawing & Architectural Drawing of that project. From that structural drawing I
described about the design criteria of the project. I also described about the construction
materials specification and minimum standard requirement of hooks of rebar, lap length, lap
locations, clear cover, and column splice location.

3.2 Location

Welcome1 Properties Ltd.

Figure 3.1: Project Location Map

8
3.3 Basic Information on of our Project

Project name OMAR-SHAJAHAN TOWER

Location Shah Kabir Road, Azampur, Uttara, Dhaka

Land area 25 khata

Number of story 10th

Unit 8 Unit

1550 SFT, 1450 SFT,1350 SFT, 1200 SFT,

Apartment Size
1100 SFT,

Commercial space 280 SFT, 180 SFT, 120 SFT

Completing date 2021

Basement floor, Comfortable shopping mall (GF

Floor distribution to 3rd floor), Luxurious Apartment(4th to 9th
floor),Wide parking space

9
3.4 Typical Floor Plan

Figure 3.2: GF floor plan

10
3.5 Design Specification

All the building structure there is some indications regarding the strength of raw materials and
the standard size of particular component. This standardization is called design specification.

3.5.1 Basic Information

 Design method used is USD According to Bangladesh national Building code (BNBC)
1993, UBC 1997 and ACI (1995).
 All the structural drawings shall be read in conjunction with relevant architectural
drawings.
 Follow BNBC/93 For Specification/structural Requirements not Mentioned in the
Drawings or in This Note Sheet.
 Details not shown in the drawing should be done according to ACI detailing manual-
1995.
 Basic wind speed= 210 km/hr.
 Seismic zone 2
 Other loads as per BNBC 1993

3.5.2 Concrete
➢ Type: Concrete compressive strength considered as follows
➢ Footing and Column fc’=Minimum 3500 psi
Which are to be confirmed by trail mix design. Concrete mixing ratio 1:2:4
➢ Concrete Mix Ratio=1:2:4
➢ Minimum cylinder strength: passed on cylinder test of diameter D=150mm & height=
300mm.
➢ Curing of R.C.C work
➢ Curing time minimum 21 days
➢ Method of curing
➢ Horizontal surface by ponding of water
➢ Other surface by warping moist jute fabric and sprinkling water by hose pipe frequently

3.5.3 Cement
Ordinary Portland cement of BDS 232: 1974/ASTM C150

11
3.5.4 Concrete Aggregate
Fine aggregate F.M value should be 2.5(min).Coarse aggregates: 20 mm down well graded stone
chips to be used for pile, share wall, column, slab, beam & other structural works.

3.5.4 Water
 Potable water is to be used in concrete mix.
 Fresh water

3.5.5 Steel Reinforcement

Footing, Column, Stair, Beam & Slab reinforcements are of 60 Grade deformed bar made form
billet steel.
False Slab, Lintel, Drop wall, Parking floor &Retaining wall Etc. reinforcement are of 40 Grade
deformed bar.
Yield strength of steel fy = 415 MPa (60000 psi) conformed to one of the following
specifications: BDS 1313: 1991, ASTM A615M.

Table3.1: Lap length

Bar diameter (mm) Compression(inch) Tension(inch)

10 Ø 12 15

12 Ø 15 18

16 Ø 18 24

20 Ø 24 30

22 Ø 27 33

25 Ø 30 38

12
3.5.6 Lap Location
For beam bottom bar, lap not to be provided at middle third zone of the span.

For beam top bar, lap may be provided at middle third zone of the span.

Not more than 50% of the bars shall be spliced at one place.

Lap splices are to be confined by hoops with maximum spacing or pitch of d/4 or 100mm where
d is the effective depth of the beam.

Figure 3.3:Lap Location

3.5.7 Development length

All beam and slab rebars should be extended into the support upto development length.

13
2.6.8 Concrete cleaver cover for reinforcing bars

Figure 3.4: Clear Cover

3.5.9 Slab end reinforcing details

Free end of slab incapable embedding of steel bar in beam/wall.

Others.

Figure 3.5: Slab end reinforcement

14
3.5.10 Recommended end hooks

Figure 3.6: Reinforcement end hook

3.5.11 Additional bar, fastening bar in beam

Figure 3.7: Additional bar in beam

15
3.5.12 End hook of stirrups

Figure 3.8: Stirrups end hook

3.5.13 Column splice location

Figure 3.9: Column splice

16
 CHAPTER 4: CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

4.1 Introduction
In this chapter I am going to discuss about which material has been used in my project and also
discussed some equipment. In my project different types of material and equipment has used,
some of those are cement, sand, coarse aggregate, reinforcement and bricks. I have done some
field test and material test also in this chapter and alsoi am going to discuss about those.

4.2 Cement
I saw that Ordinary Portland Composite “Holcim Cement” is utilized in my project as a binder
material with each other. I additionally have checked randomly the assembling date of the
cement that is written on the bag.

Figure 4.1: Cement

17
4.2.1 Cement Field Tests
In my site I did some field test of cement to determine the cement is good or not. These are given
below:

 Float test
 Temperature test
 Color test
 Adulteration test of cement

4.2.1.1Float Test
In a bucket, I took water on the bucket then I took some cement also and threw it in the water
after that I saw some cement was floating few seconds before sinking. Sowe can say that the
cement was good.

Figure 4.2: Floating test of cement

4.2.1.2Temperature Test
In this test, I inserted my hand into a cement bag which is shown in Figure and I felt a little bit
cool. So we can say the temperature of the cement was good.

18
Figure 4.3: Temperature test of cement

4.2.1.3Color Test
I have taken some cement into hand and observed the color of the cement in presence of sun
which is shown in Figure .I found that the color of cement was uniform and it is grey with light
greenish shade. So the cement was good.

Figure 4.4: Color test of cement

19
4.2.1.4Adulteration Test of Cement
I took a pinch of cement between fingers and rubbed it then I felt smooth when I rubbing, so as it
is not rough that means it is satisfactory.

Figure 4.5: Adulteration Test of Cement

4.3 Fine Aggregate

In my project, local sand and Sylhet sand used as fine aggregate for slab, beam, column, stair
casting

Figure 4.6: Sylhet sand and Local sand

20
4.3.1 Field Test of Sand
Field test of sand was done to know the physical properties of sand and try to find its quality for
construction .In my site I did some field test of sand to determine the sand is good or not.
These are given below:

 Clay test
 Silt test
 Salt test

4.3.1.1Clay Test
At first I had taken a certain amount of sand from our construction site. I had measured the
weight of sand. That was 100gram. Again I have taken a certain amount of water. Then I have
washed the sand by this clean water. Then I have made the sand dry by the heat of sun. Then
again I have measured the washing sand. The difference of before washing and after washing
sand was 5 gram.

Figure 4.7: Clay test of sand

So I have lost 5 gram of total weight of sand and this was the clay. In my sample 5% clay were
exist. This is the considerable amount. That is why I have used this sand in my construction site.

21
4.3.1.2Test of Silt
I took some sand in my hand I rubbed a small amount of sand between finger tips. In my
fingertips I didn’t see any clay existence were presents there.so it is satisfactory.

Figure 4.8: Test of silt

4.3.1.3Salt test of sand

Take very little amount of sand and then I taste it. The taste was salty that’s means salts were
present in the sand.

Figure 4.9: Salt test of sand

22
4.4 Coarse Aggregate:

I have collected 120 stone chips from the field, then I have divided them into three parts; large,
medium and small size which is shown in Figure. I found that 3/4" and above 3/4" was 40.67%,
3/4" to 1/2" size was 32.67% and less than 1/2" to 1/4" size was 26.67%

Figure 4.10: Collection of Stone

4.4.1 Gradation Test of Stone Chips

Table 4.1: Stone Chips Size
Size Size no number percentage

Large >3/4’’ 40 33.33%

Medium 3/4’’~1/2’’ 55 45.83%

small 1/2’’~1/4’’ 25 20.80%

23
4.5 Bricks

Figure shows the bricks that are used in the construction of the project. I have collected some
bricks from the stock of the site and done some field test. Like as,

 Size and Shape Test of Brick

 T-test of Brick
 Scratch Test of Brick
 Soundness test of Brick

4.5.1 Size and Shape Test of Brick

I have collected a bricks from the site and measured all size of bricks.

4.4”
2.7”

9.5”

Figure 4.11: Size and shape checking of brick

Table 4.2: Brick Size

Standard Practical

Size should be 9.5’’×4.5’’ × 2.75’’. Size was 9.5’’×4.4’’×2.7’’

Scratch should not possible by nail. Scratch was possible.

If we drop T shape brick from 6’ height it The brick was broken down.
should not break.

24
4.5.2 T-test of Brick
At first I had taken two bricks of regular shape and size. Then I had made a tee (T) like the
following figure and dropped from a height of 1.5 meter on this solid surface of earth. After
falling on the earth surface these bricks were broken like this following figure.

Figure 4.12: T test of brick

4.5.3 Scratch Test of Brick

I have tried to make a scratch on the surface of the brick with my nail which is shown in Figure.
It was difficult to scratch on the brick surface and very little scratch shown on the surface, so I
consider bricks were good.

Figure 4.13: Scratch Test of brick

25
4.5.4 Soundness test of Brick
I have taken two bricks in both hand and made a knock with one another which shown in below
Figure. I heard the sound and it was a metallic, so the brick was good.

Figure 4.14: Sound Test of brick

4.7 Reinforcement

Reinforcing bars are made in many grades. It is the main tensile member of reinforced concrete.
I have observed 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm; 25 mm diameter reinforcement was used in
my project. In my project (KSRM) 500W Reinforcements was used.

Figure 4.15: Reinforcement

26
4.8 Water

Drinkable pure water is suitable for concrete. Water should be clean, clear and free from any
organic and chemical substances. For normal concretes, the water cement ratio is generally in the
range of about 0.5 water plays a vital role for making mortar or concrete paste. In my project
used pure and drinkable water for all construction works.

4.9 Bamboo & Plain Sheet

Bamboo was used with timber for supporting the construction work such as column, beam, and
slab and stair formwork. Sometimes few steel props also used as a support.Plain sheet was used
in my project for shuttering work. It was placed over placed wood. Plain sheet was also used in
slab casting work

Figure 4.16: Bamboo and Plain sheet

4.10 Equipments

There are so many equipment was used in my project construction. These are given below:

4.10.1 Mixture Machine

In my project, mixture machine was used for mixing the sand, cement, stone chips and brick
chips with water. It was used for concrete mixing to get good concrete.Mixture machine was
used for mixing the concrete accurately and very fast. The project is big that’s way it was

27
impossible to mixing concrete by hand.The machine uses revolving drum to mix the component
of concrete

Figure 4.17: Mixture machine

4.10.2 Crane
In my project concrete were mixed in the ground then a crane was used to concrete transfer from
ground to top floor of the building where was casting.

Figure 4.18: Crane

28
4.10.3 Vibrator machine & Steel cutter machine
In my site, vibrator machine was used for concrete compact. Vibrator machine was used for
column, beam, slab and stair to compact the concrete.Steel cutter machine was used for cut the
reinforcement bar according to our desire length. Lots of reinforcement was cut all the time of
construction period.

Figure 4.19: Steel cutter Figure 4.20:Vibrator machine

4.10.3 Water Level Checker

To check leveling using water level.

Figure 4.21: water level

29
4.10.4 Jute Tap
Jute Tap is used for column shutter while no water or concrete comes out

Figure 4.22: Jute tap

4.10.5 Grinding Machine

Grinding Machine is a small machine which is also known as a steel cutter like as a blade.

Figure 4.23: Grinding machine

30
4.10.6 Binding Weir
Binding wire is used to bind reinforcement in beam, column, slab & lift.

Figure 4.24: Binder weir

4.10.7Timbers
Timber was used for shuttering of beam, shuttering of slab and making support for column, etc.
Timber thicknesses were 1", 1.25" and width 5", 6".

Figure 4.25: Timber

31
 CHAPTER -5COLUMN CONSTRUCTIONS

5.1 Introduction:
When I began my practicum work I watched the column work from ground floor. In this chapter
I examined about construction work of column. Where column layout plan, reinforcement details
are given. There is also description of the column shuttering making and placing, tie bar making
and placing, casting process of column and there curing methods.

5.2 Column Layout

In my project building column layout plan is given below. In our drawing there were 49 columns
and with 8 groups. Those were C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8.

[Column layout is given in another page]

32
Figure5.1: Column Layout

33
5.3 Column Schedule

There were 8 types of column in my project. Column main reinforcement was used 25mmΦ.
10mmΦ tie bar 5"c/c in bottom 24” and upper 24” distance and at the middle it is 9’’c/c.

Figure 5.2: Column Schedule

34
5.4 Column kicker
Kicker is utilized in structure to avoid uneven steel cover of the column and to keep up column
alignment.Wooden planks, nails, steel wire were used for making column kicker. First, a
rectangle shape box was made by those materials at column bottom zone. Which shown in
Figure. In my project height of the kicker is 6 inches. After setup the box perfectly then checked
the clear cover. The box was attached tightly around reinforcement bars of column bottom zone.
Then concrete casting has done for the kicker portion.

6”

Figure 5.3: Column Kicker

5.5 Reinforcement Placement of Column

Column reinforcement placed before shuttering. C-4 Column size was 15"× 30". Workers used
main reinforcement 24 in numbers used 25mmΦ as design specification along the
columnperimeter the covering was 1.5 inches from tie and 2.5 inches from main bar. For lapping
of 25 mm bars was used 40". Total 49 column used in ground floor and those are divided into
eight type according to design.

35
Figure 5.4:Column Tie placing Figure 5.5: Column C-4 (15”×30”)

In figure it is column C-4 (15"×30").According to design at the bottom 24’’, 10mm tie bar is
used 5"c/c.at the middle 10mm tie bar was placed 9"c/c. At the top 24”, 10mm tie bar is used
5"c/. In middle part with longitudinal main bars. Hooks are required for tie bar to hold the bars.
Hooks are provided 3” each. Tie bar attached with main bar. They used binding wire to attach
the tie bar with main bar. There were not provided reinforcement according to the design
specified.Theypractically use 4” instead of 5” c/c and 8” instead of 9” c/c.

4”

Figure 5.6:Checking tie bar spacing Figure 5.7: ColumnDesign specification

36
5.6 Column Shuttering Preparation

After finishing the reinforcement placement of column, next step was column formwork for
casting. In my project steel shuttering is used as have done the casting of column with full 9.5
feet height, so they made the shuttering full height of column. The shuttering is attached jute tap
to stop the leakage of casting material.

Figure 5.8: Preparation of column shutter

5.7 Column shutter placing

Then worker were set the steel box and fixed the box by using nuts and bolt. For clear cover, we
used 1.5” concrete block.We used the kicker’s side to place the column shuttering. Two of the
shutter join together and placed them vertically and checked the shutter placed vertically. For
support the formwork we used Bamboo props, turn bolt.After that we used 1.5inch concrete
block to clear cover between the reinforcement and column formwork.

37
 Figure 5.9: Placing column shutter

5.8 Vertical alignment checking of column

The vertical alignment of column has checked, before the casting work column start. Workers
attached the bars with the four corner of column shuttering and with the bar they attached steel
wire. There was one piece of brick attached with each wire. Then I measure two distances from
the shuttering one was from upper part and one was from the bottom part. If the two distances
was same then the shuttering vertical alignment done properly. I measured from surface of forma
to thick wire.

Figure 5.10: Vertical alignment checking of column

38
5.9 Column Casting

Column casting is done in my project by maintain 1:1.5:3 ratios of cement sand and stone
respectively.In my project the height of the column was 11 feet.In my project, first 3 column
casting only 2 feet in 1st step because the column size was 11 feet. Then all the engineer meat
then they was decides whole column will be casted in one step.

Figure 5.11: Mixture Machine Figure 5.12: Mixed Concrete

5.9.1Concrete Mixing Procedure

When started the mixing machine, the worker gave on the machine cement, stone, sand, and pure
water according to mixing ratio. This mixing process contains 8-10 minutes of rotation. Then
other worker collected concrete with masonry pan the lifting it to casting place and pour concrete
paste into the forma (shutter on Column)

39
 Figure 5.13: Concrete Pouring

5.9.2 Vibrating Process

Vibrating process is important in constriction and this process removes voids of concrete. Every
5”or 6” thickness of casting; a labor vibrates the concrete mixture at about 90° angle and its
duration of 1.5-2.0 min to remove voids of concrete. For the first 6” depth of column casting
there will no required vibration process.

Figure 5.14: Vibrating Process

40
5.10 Column Curing

Following 48 hours from all column casting, all column shutters had been removed. Following
48 hours completing column casting work it must be curing. Otherwise, column concrete will be
cracked. They utilized water sequentially just 7 days for the curing of the column. For the wet
reason, columns were wrapping with jute fiber. Regularly, gave water on the column above the
jute fiber.

Figure 5.15: Column Curing

41
5.15Work schedule of column

First all from 29th may to 30th may worker making kicker for casting and 31th May casted the
kicker. Then from 20th to 23th June worker attached the main bar and 24th to 25th worker placing
the tie bar according to spacing. Then from 26th June to 28th workers installs the steel form. Then
from 29th June to 30th June had casted all column expect few column. Then from 2th July to 8th
July they have done curing of column. The same repeated from 30th June to 15th July for others
column.

May-July 2019

Sl Work Discription
29-May-19
30-May-19
31-May-19
20-Jun-19

21-Jun-19
22-Jun-19
23-Jun-19
24-Jun-19
25-Jun-19
26-Jun-19
27-Jun-19
28-Jun-19
29-Jun-19
30-Jun-19

10-Jul-19
11-Jul-19
12-Jul-19
13-Jul-19
14-Jul-19
1-Jul-19
2-Jul-19
3-Jul-19
4-Jul-19
5-Jul-19
6-Jul-19
7-Jul-19
8-Jul-19
9-Jul-19
1 Kicker shuttering
2 Kicker casting
3 Reinforcement Placing
4 Tie Binding
5 Column Shuttering
6 Column Casting
7 Column Curing

Figure 5.16: Work Schedule of Column

42
 CHAPTER 6: CONSTRCTION PROCESS OF BEAM

6.1 Introduction
In this chapter I am going to discuss about construction process of beam and slab, Beam & slab
both is horizontal member in structure. In my project, there are 36 beams member. The beam
design is same in the entire floor and basement. Beam and slab is the monolithically casted
member of the structure. There are 36 types beam designed in my project these are. 20 mm & 16
mm bar was used in in my project as beam main bar.

6.2 Bamboo props details of beam

At first prepared bamboo props for beam construction work. Here different kinds of props are
used.The sheet was given in the middle of beam shutter so that concrete cannot leach into the
join of the wood. The bamboo was joined as the support of the shutter. For bamboo use in the
beam, 24” intervals were maintained in my project.But in some case did not maintained
properly.All the bamboos were tightening so that it can take load.

24”

Figure 6.1: Bamboo props placing Figure 6.2: Bamboo props

43
6.3Props Diameter Details of Beam

Bamboo props were used for beam formwork. There are different types of diameter (3.56'', 3.20''
2.86'') are used.Bamboo props standard diameter should be 3.0 inch above. In my project there
are different types of diameter found.

3.2”

Figure 6.3: Bamboo props diameter checking Figure 6.4: Bamboo props

6.4Bamboo props Diameter Analysis

I was checked manually 100 bamboo diameter and find different types of bamboo diameter.

Table 6.1: Bamboo & Props diameter analysis

Nos. of bamboo Diameter(in) Average Above standard Below standard

diameter(in)
NOS NOS
29 3.51-3.65
51 3.00-350 3.25 80 20
20 Below 3.00

44
 Diameter of Bamboo

3.51-3.65 Inch
3.00-3.50 Inch
Below 3.00 Inch

Figure 6.5: Analysis of Bamboo diameter

45
6.5Beam Layout Plan

Figure 6.6: Beam layout

46
6.6Formwork of Beam Construction

For Beam shuttering wood and Bamboo props was used in my project. Wooden runner is used to
adjust props and completed formwork of beam. The height of the every beam was 12 inch. After
preparing bottom shutter, then the side shutter of beam were placed. At the time of joining the
width of the beam shutter, two bamboos was joined in the two end and then the bamboo was
joined in the middle part of the shutter with the pre mark by steel pin. After joining bamboo
support then it was setting in the column

12”

Figure 6.7: Formwork of Beam

6.7Reinforcement Placing

In my project 16 mm and 20 mm bar are used as beam reinforcement. The workers placing the
main bar on beam according to design. I manually checked lapping and main bar placing.

47
 Figure 6.8: Main bar placing

6.8Checking Stirrup and Hook

After main bar placing, worker placing stirrups and I checked some stirrups as well as hook. I
also checked the stirrups size of beam.

3”

Figure 6.9: Checking Hook Dimension Figure 6.10: Placing stirrups and measuring

Dimension

48
6.9Stirrups spacing checking

Manually I checked the stirrups spacing according to design and the spacing is 4”c/c.

4”

Figure 6.11: Stirrups spacing checking

6.10 Checking a Specification of Beam

Beam no FB-03(12''X18'')

Clear cover of beam is 1.5".

Here Beam number FB-3 top layer main bar 2-20mm and bottom layer 2-20mm bar used. And
upper layer 3 extra top bar and lower layer 3 straight bar used.

49
Figure 6.12: FB-3 layout

50
 CHAPTER -7: CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF SLAB

7.1 Introduction

In this Chapter we have discuss about construction process of Slab. Slabs may be defined as a
very common and important structural element, are constructed to provide flat, useful surfaces. It
is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or near so. It provides
a horizontal surface and is usually supported by columns, beams or walls.

7.2 Formwork of Slab

After placing the wood runner for slab shutter, workers was ready placed the shuttering wood for
slab. The length of wood shuttering 5'/6'. First of all workers attach the chamber shutter around
the all beam. This chamber also works as initial leveling of slab. Than worker wooden runner
thought the beam 2'-3' distance and it supported by bamboo props. After set up the wooden
runner workers started to set up the bottom part of the slab. The following instrument is required
for slab construction
a) Bamboo

b) Wooden runner

c) Plane sheet

Figure 7.1: Setting wood runner

51
The level of slab shuttering is equal to the level of beam shuttering. The bamboo was adjusted by
moving right or left for making tight. The height of all the bamboo is 10.5 feet. There are
different types of diameter (3.56'', 3.20'',3.00”) are used. Bamboo gives the support of slab. If
bamboo did not adjust properly, slab may fail during the time of casting.After setting the runner,
the wood was joined with the runner. The size of the wood was (1″ × 5 ″).

7.3 Leveling

After placing wooden shutter for frame worker are checking the level of slab. It is a field
measurement procedure which generally workers use. First set a datum where they mark in
column reinforcement at certain height and set rope corner to corner of the slab also through the
mid portion of slab for better level checking.

Figure 7.2: Leveling

52
7.4 Placing Plain sheet of slab

After completing of wooden shuttering then plain sheet were placed on the surface of the
wooden shuttering. Plain sheet used for prevent leakage of material at slab casting. Size of the
plain sheet generally 5'×3' or 6’×3’.Placing procedure of plain sheet depends on workers.

Figure 7.3: Placing palin sheet of slab

53
7.5 Slab Detail

Figure 7.4: Slab layout

54
7.6 Reinforcement bar placing of slab

After completed of formwork then worker was started reinforcement placing. Here I observed
that how many straight bar, extra top bar, cranked bar are used according to the design. Also
checked distance between main bars.

Figure 7.5: Reinforcement bar placing of slab

7.7 Bar Spacing Check

In slab Reinforcement placing, top layer 10mm@5”c/c and bottom layer 5.5” c/c St. bar.

5”
5.5”

Figure 7.6: Bar spacing check

55
7.8 Clear Cover for Top and Bottom Layer Reinforcement of Slab

During the slab construction, I checked the slab top clear cover that was 5 inch and bottom layer
is 1 inch. Total slab thickness 6” and bottom block is 1”, top bar chair is 4”

1"
4”
”

Figure 7.7: Checking clear cover of slab

56
7.9Placing Electric Pipe of Slab

After placing all bars in the slab then electric pipe is placed. We observed that all pipe are
placing properly.

Figure 7.8: Placing Electric pipe of slab

7.10Beam & Slab Casting

In my project, Concrete was prepared by using mixer machine at the casting day. Beam & slab
casting day was a busy days in the site before casting, site engineer was checked the leveling of
slab. Site engineer also investigate the water level checking of slab. They checked all the spacing
of the reinforcement and binding of the bar is ok or not then they checked that is reinforcement is
missing at any portion or not.They ensured that all the electrical work of the site is placed
accurately or not. Beam & slab was casted at the same time. At first they made the concrete
mixer for casting by using sand, brick chips and cement. The materials mixing ratio for beam and
slab casting was 1:2:4. They used a mixer machine for mixing concrete.After that, we used a
crane for pulling up the concrete mixer to the top of the building.

57
Figure7.9: Concrete Mixer machine Figure 7.10: Pulling concrete by crane

Before casted of slab they used water .Firstly, they poured the beam and then gradually the slab
panels. At last stair case casting. During casting time I observed and checked the concrete block
placement were in right place or not. Before casted beam and column grouting was used at the
beam and column joint and sprayed water in the slab panel.

Figure 7.11: Water spraying at slab before casting

Generally the castingstarted from a corner of the slab gradually casted in whole slab. One of the
workers is checking the thickness with the help of steel tap and the mark they have provided
before casting.I checked the thickness of slab.

58
 Figure 7.12: Checking thickness of slab

At first, worker casting the cloumn then gradually casted all the slab and also a stair case.

Figure 7.13: Casting of Column portion Figure 7.14: Casting of Slab

59
In the time of casting they used a vibrator machine to proper placement of concrete.

Figure 7.15: Using vibrator

In my site Steel runner is used. For large area leveling steel runner was used and small area
leveling wooden runner was used. Two rod adjusted end side of steel runner for easily handle.
The length of the runner was 10 feet and the cross section of the steel runner was 3″ x 3″.

Figure 7.16: Steel runner place (to leveling)

60
7.11 Curing of Slab

After 24 hours of casting started curing and did this process for 21 days. A boundary was
prepared around the slab. Curing is very important for concrete to gain its final strength.

Figure 7.17: Slab curing

7.12 Work schedule of beam and slab

In this schedule I discuss about beam shuttering, slab shuttering, beam reinforcement, slab
reinforcement, electric work, beam and slab casting, slab curing.

July-August 2019

10-Aug-19
11-Aug-19
12-Aug-19
SL Work Discription
10-Jul-19
11-Jul-19
12-Jul-19
13-Jul-19
14-Jul-19
15-Jul-19
16-Jul-19
17-Jul-19
18-Jul-19
19-Jul-19
20-Jul-19
21-Jul-19
22-Jul-19
23-Jul-19
24-Jul-19
25-Jul-19
26-Jul-19
27-Jul-19
28-Jul-19
29-Jul-19
30-Jul-19
31-Jul-19
1-Aug-19
2-Aug-19
3-Aug-19
4-Aug-19
5-Aug-19
6-Aug-19
7-Aug-19
8-Aug-19
9-Aug-19
8-Jul-19
9-Jul-19

1 Beam Shuttering
2 Beam Reinforcement Placing
3 Stirrups Binding
4 Slab Shuttering
5 Slab Reinfrocement Placing
6 Elctric Work
7 Slab & Beam Casting
8 Curing 21 days >> 21 days >>

Figure 7.18: Work Schedule of Beam & Slab

61
 CHAPTER 8: STAIR CONSTRUCTION

8.1Introduction

Construction of stair depends on some following topics such as formwork of stair,

reinforcement preparation, treads, and risers, casting and curing. It was constructed to link
up with different floors. In my project, I observed the construction of stair. In this chapter I
will discuss about stair formwork, stair reinforcement details, casting of the stair, curing of
the stair.

8.2Stair plan

In my project, there were four flights in the staircase construction. First and third flight consist of
five steps, second and forth flight consist of three steps the size of the stair is (13'X 12').Each
landing of the stair is (4' X 4').

Figure 8.1: Plan view of stair case

8.3Reinforcement Plan of Stair

The width of the tread was 10″ for every flight and the height of the riser was 6'. The thickness
of waist slab was 6″ for both flights. In both case 12mmΦ @4″c/c and 10mmΦ@6″ used as a
main bar, 12mmΦ @4″c/c,10mmΦ@6″ used as a top bar .There was two beam surrounded by
the stair flight which is SB-1 and SB-2.The cross section of this beam is (10″X 24″)

62
 Figure 8.2: stair case layout

8.4Tread and Rise

I manually checked the rise and trade. Rise 6” and tread 10”

63
 10”

6”

Figure 8.3: Checking tread and rise

8.5Formwork of Stair

Wooden plunk was used for waist slab shuttering. Wooden plunks were supported by the
wooden runner and wooden plank supported by bamboo. Bamboos were adjusted according to
the height of waist slab. The thickness of the wooden plank was 1″.

Figure 8.4: Formwork setting of Stair

8.6Reinforcing Work of Stair

After completing of wooden shuttering of the stair then plain sheet were placed on the surface of
the wooden shuttering. Plain sheet used for prevent leakage of material at stair casting. Thenthe
main reinforcement placing was started at from the bottom of the first landing and goes through

64
the inclined slab and stay on top of the second landing. Main bar stay on top layer of landing and
in the bottom layer of inclined slab on the waist slab.

Figure 8.5: Plain sheet and reinforcement placing of stair

8.7Stair Casting
Before casting, water was sprayed into the casting area. Then started make concrete by using
mixture machine .For stair case casting the mixing ratio of cement: sand: aggregate ratio was
1:2:4.During the period of casting vibrator machine was used to remove the void from the
concrete.

Figure 8.6: Stair casting

65
8.8Stair curing

After casting Curing is the most important part of the construction site. Concretes strength
increase and durability are related to curing. In my project, after 24 hours of stair casting, they
started to cure.

8.9 Work schedule of Stair Case

In this schedule I discuss staircase shuttering, staircase reinforcement, stair casting, stair curing.

Jul-19

Sl Work Description
15-Jul-19

16-Jul-19

17-Jul-19

18-Jul-19

19-Jul-19

20-Jul-19

21-Jul-19

22-Jul-19

23-Jul-19

24-Jul-19

25-Jul-19

26-Jul-19
Construction work of Stair
case
1 Stair case shuttering
Stair case
2 reinforcement
3 Stair casting
4 Stair Curing

Figure 8.6: Work Schedule of Stair Case

66
 CHAPTER-9: KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT

9.1 Introduction

I joined there as a trainee engineer in Welcome1 Properties Ltd. I observed the super structural
components of a residential shopping mall building named Omor Shahjahan Tower. During my
practicum period, I worked with engineer, labor, foreman, contractor and other staff of the
company. I also communicate with higher authorities of this company. I have learned many
things which is given below.

9.2 Understand the Architectural Drawing and design specification

I have learned the drawing and design specification from my project. I learned some local
language of the different work and materials. Sometime, they also share their working
experience with me.

9.3 Dealing with Contractor

Whole construction work was taken contractually by the contractor. The contractor was very
experience person. He has done many projects and few projects is going on. When the
contractor came to project, I tried to communicate with him and try to know about other project
condition. Sometimes I asked him some questions and he answered me. I also tried to know
about the information of upcoming task of the project.

9.4 Estimation of construction materials

I have learned several types of estimation in the project. Like as, Column estimation, Beam
estimation, Slab estimation, Stair estimation.

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9.5 Conducted with Engineers

The site engineer of my project was very helpful person. At the beginning, He introduced me
with all the staff of the project and gave me the access to share any kinds of problem in the site.
At the beginning of my project work, he willingly understood the drawing and known me with
the structural work. Whenever I faced any problem, I asked him and he answered me. Someday
at the end of the worked, he asked me what you learn today and reviewed the hole worked of the
day. Sometimes I did some estimation work with him. There are no project engineers in my site.
The site engineers made me known with the Managing Director of the project.

9.6 Conducted with Higher Authority

During my practicum period, Several times I went to the head office for different purpose. I
collected the Boucher of the project from head of marketing department. The Managing Director
of the Welcome1 Properties Ltd. came at the slab casting day and I talked with him. I observed
the materials buying clips and communicate with them.

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 CHAPTER 10: RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

10.1 Introduction

In my duration of practicum in project of construction work I learned some basics of

construction works process. I deeply noticed all types of worked in those four months. I also
noticed the working and management procedure of my company. In accordance with my
perspective views, I have some recommendation to the company. In this chapter I discussed
about recommendation and conclusion part of this report.

10.2 Conclusion
It was a great learning experience at Welcome1 Properties Ltd. I have learned many things of
construction site which I didn’t know before. I observed a lot of insight regarding almost every
aspects of site.. I have learned how to execute the fieldwork according to the drawing
requirements. I have learned about the construction materials. I have learned about quality in
construction work. In my whole internship period I worked under site Engineer. During the
whole period of my internship the site engineer of my project helped me a lot to understand the
language of structural and architectural drawing as well as practical work. I am very much
thankful for the support from Welcome1 Properties Ltd. Moreover I have learned many new
ideas and hope this will help me in my future career

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10.3Reference

 Arthur H. Nilson, David Darwin, Charles W. Nolan, “ Design of Concrete Structures ”-

14th Edition.

 Dr. M. A. Aziz, “A Textbook of Engineering Materials”

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