TOPIC,MAIN IDEA and SUPPORTING DETAIL

Prepared to fulfill course writing III assignment

Lecturer:
Eli Ulfiah, S.Pd, M.Pd

By Compiled:
Group 1
Ardi Faqih Khoiruddin
Afri
Alya Fatharani
.
ENGLISH LITERATURE PROGRM
STBA BINA DINAMIKA
TAMBUN SELATAN, KABUPATEN, BEKASI
2023
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 FOREWORD

Praise to Allah Almighty for all the grace given-that's how the discussion paper
"Topic, Main Idea, Supporting details" can be completed. We made this paper as a
group assignment for Reading III Comprehension course.
We fully realise that this paper is far from perfect.due to the limited experience
and knowledge we have. By therefore, we expect all forms of suggestions and input
and even criticism.from various parties. Finally, we hope that the paper this paper can
provide benefits for the development of the world of education.

Bekasi, October 15 2023

Ardi Faqih Khoiruddin

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 LIST OF CONTENTS

Page
COVER……………………………………………………………………. i
PREFACE…………………………………………………….……………ii
TABLE OF CONTENT ………………………………………………......iii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background …….………………………………………………......1
B. Problem Formalation .………………………………… ……...........1
C. Purpose Of Writing ……………………………… ……..................2
CHAPTER II: DISCUSSION
A. Definition Of Topic………………….................................................. 3
a. Topic Sentence Location………………………………………... 3

b. Example of Topic Sentence……………………………………....3

c. Problem With Topic Sentence……………………………............4

B. Definition Of Main Idea………………………………………….....5

a. Main Idea Location………………..…………………………......5

b. Example of Main Idea .................…………………………….....5

c. Problem With Main Idea ……………………………………......5
C. Definition Of Supporting Details………………………………........6
a. Main Idea and Supporting Details…………………………........6

b. Where Do Supporting Details

Usually Appear in an Essay?.…………………………………. 6

c. Types of supporting details………………………………….... .6

d. Supporting Detail Example.………………………………….....7

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CHAPTER III: CLOSING
A. Conclusion…………………………………………………………9
B. Advice……………………………………………………………...9

REFERENCES

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A. Background
In a book consists of several paragraphs, a paragraph is built from a main
idea. Therefore, every paragraph must have a topic, main idea and support,
whether it is at the beginning, at the end or at the beginning and end of the
paragraph.
In a paragraph there is a topic and a main idea, the topic, main idea and
supporters are interrelated but the topic and main idea are different. Where the
main idea is an elaboration of the topic. However, in society it is sometimes
difficult to distinguish between main ideas, supporters and topics. This is due to
the lack of public understanding of the meaning of topics, main ideas and
supporting sentences. Therefore, knowledge about finding topics, main ideas and
supporters in a paragraph or article is very important for the community,
especially among students or people who have education who are still difficult to
find topics, main ideas and supporters in a paragraph.
Based on this description, we are interested in discussing it further. further
about the topic, main idea, and supporters of paragraphs in the form of a paper.

B. Formulation Of the Problem

The problem formulation contains important questions related to the sub-
chapters that will be discussed in CHAPTER II Discussion. The problem formulation
is written with the following points:
a. What is the meaning of topic, main idea and supporting details .?
b. How to know how to find topics and main ideas
c. What are the problems with the topic and main idea?
d. What are the types of supporting details?

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 e. What is the relationship between the main idea and supporting details?
f. What are examples of topics, main ideas and main ideas?

C. Purpose Of Writing
The purpose of writing is written in the following points:
a. To find out the definition of topic, main idea and main idea.
b. To find out what topic to choose,main idea, and supporting details.
c. Know the problem in the topic and main idea.
d. Know the types of supporting details.
e. Know the main ideas and supporting details.
f. Add insight with topic examples, main ideas and supporting details

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Definition of Topic

A topic sentence is a sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph. This
sentence is the most general sentence in the paragraph. There are not many
details in the topic sentence , but this sentence is able to introduce the whole idea
that you want to discuss later in the paragraph.

a. Topic Sentence Location

The topic sentence is usually at the beginning of the paragraph. This
is the easiest way to ensure that the reader understands the topic of a
paragraph and is a good general rule for less experienced writer.Expert
writers may not place the sentence until the middle or end of the paragraph,
and often they even indicate the topic of a paragraph without writing it in a
topic sentence.
So the position of the topic sentence can be at the beginning, middle,
end of the paragraph, or even not written at all.

b. Example of Topic Sentence.

The paragraph below takes the topic of types of burns. The topic
sentence can be found in the first sentence.
There are three different types of burns: first, second, and third degree
burns. First degree or superficial burns are considered mild compared to other
burns. They involve only the top layer of skin (epidermis). Second degree or
particial thickness burns affect the top layer of skin and a portion of the lower

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 layer of skin (dermis). Third degree or full thickness burns are the worst
burns. These burns destroy the first and second layer of skin and damage
deeper tissues.
It means :
There are three different types of burns: first, second, and third degree. First-
degree or superficial burns are considered mild compared to other types of
burns. They involve the top layer of skin (epidermis). Second degree or partial
thickness burns affect the top layer of skin and some of the lower layers of
skin (dermis). Third degree or full thickness burns are the worst burns. These
burns destroy the first and second layers of skin and damage deeper tissues.

c. Problem with Topic Sentence

Problems with topic sentences include: being too general, too detailed,
or containing more than one topic.
1. The topic sentence is indeed the most general sentence in a paragraph, but
using a sentence that is too general will sound very boring.
2. Too Detailed
Details should appear in the next sentences in the paragraph, so the
topic sentence should not contain too much detail.
3. Contains more than one topic
Paragraphs usually consist of one topic, therefore topic sentences
only talk about one thing.

B. Definition Of Main Idea

Main idea" can simply be interpreted as the core of the main sentence. This
understanding is the result of the application approach, not the creative writing

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 process. Because basically, the main idea will be forcibly or naturally stated clearly in
the main sentence.

a. Main Idea Location

Quoting Landmark School Outreach, the main idea is an important thing
about topic. To find the main idea, try asking “what does this say about the person,
thing, or idea?”. The main idea is also a sentence, usually placed in the first
sentence.
However, the main idea can also be placed in the middle or end of the
paragraph, depending on how the writer structures it. What can be noted is that the
main idea contains the topic discussed.

b. Example of Main Idea

The driver's focus in a moving vehicle is to look ahead through the
windscreen, not at the mirrors. Focusing on the mirrors will affect the speed of the
vehicle and may result in an accident. The use of mirrors is only occasional and
each time it is used only for a moment, not for a long time.
The correct answer to the paragraph above is "the driver's main task is to look
at the windscreen".

c. Problem With Main Idea

the main problem discussed in a paragraph is called the main idea or main
idea. This idea is usually located in the main sentence, not the first sentence.

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C. Definition Of Supporting Details.

Supporting details are specific pieces of information in a piece of writing that

support the main idea or the topic sentence. There are many different types of
supporting details, and the type of writing being undertaken dictates the type of
supporting details used.

a. Main Idea and Supporting Details

The main idea of a paragraph or essay is what the entire piece is about. The
main idea can be directly expressed in the form of a topic sentence or thesis
statement or it can be implied. The supporting details help to validate or expand
on the main idea. Supporting details in an informational or persuasive essay often
include facts and data. Supporting details in fiction essays generally expand on
the main idea and serve to paint a clearer picture of what the essay is about.

b. Where Do Supporting Details Usually Appear in an Essay?

Supporting details most often follow the topic sentence or thesis statement of
the essay. The author will either directly or indirectly state the main idea and then
follow it up with details that support the topic sentence or thesis statement. Once
a topic statement is declared, the following sentences should serve to reinforce,
validate or expand on the topic sentence or main idea.

c. Types of supporting details

There are several types of supporting details, depending on the purpose of the
writer and the type of writing. A writer will generally use very different
supporting details in a persuasive essay than in a work of fiction.
The following are some of the most common types of supporting details
found in different types of writing:

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 1. Facts and Evidence
Fact and evidence are generally used in informational essays.
They are true statements that are used to provide reinforcement in the
form of indisputable statements.
2. Reasons and Explanations
Reasons and explanations are used frequently in
informational essays, but do not require facts. They can be opinions
that help support an argument the author is making or give reasons
for a persuasive essay.
3. Definitions and Vocabulary
The use of definitions and vocabulary help to better clarify a
main idea that might be complicated or confusing. In cases where the
words in a main idea or topic sentence are potentially unknown, the
author can use word definitions or alternate vocabulary words to help
clarify.

d. Supporting Details Examples

Read the short paragraph below,
'Cats make great pets for people who live in apartments.' Cats don't need to be
walked, so their owners don't have to worry about taking them through the
building to go outside. Cats are much smaller than most dogs, which works
well in a small space. Cats don't bark and whine, so they make good pets for
apartments where there are neighbors on all sides.
The topic sentence states that cats make great pets for people who live
in apartments. The three sentences that follow the topic sentence are the
supporting details. They serve to elaborate and back up the topic sentence.
They give specific reasons 'why' cats are good for apartment living.
Read the next paragraph below.

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The weather was not good for sailing today.' The wind was whipping at thirty
knots and the seas were dotted with white-caps. We could see the ocean
swells around the jetty from the safety of the dock. In the distance, black
storm clouds loomed on the horizon like an approaching army.
The previous paragraph is an example of fiction with a main idea and
supporting details. The first sentence declares that the weather wasn't good for
sailing. The following sentences are the supporting details that help to clarify
what the weather was like to give the reader a more vivid picture. If the author
hadn't included supporting details, it would have been left up to the reader to
fill in their own details about the bad weather, which could have resulted in
many different images depending on the reader. Supporting details in fiction
help to paint a similar picture for all readers.

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 CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. Conclusion
A topic sentence is a sentence that states the main idea of a paragraph. This
sentence is the most common sentence in the paragraph.Main idea" can simply be
interpreted as the core of the main sentence. Main idea" can simply be interpreted as
the core of the main sentence. Supporting details are specific pieces of information in
a piece of writing that support the main idea or the topic sentence. The main idea can
be expressed directly in the form of a topic sentence or thesis statement, or it can be
implied. Supporting details help validate or expand the main idea.

B. Advice
Researcher must have a good understanding of his field of study and
determine a research topic that fits his field, so that he can discuss the research topic
in depth, according to his knowledge.
To find out the main idea, ask your heart. Think about what is being talked about,
whether it is a person, a thing, or another idea.
To determine the supporting sentence in a paragraph is not difficult, by making sure
you really understand the content, determine the topic sentence of the paragraph.
In the event that you're looking for the most effective essay writing service,
then you've come to the right place.

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 REFERENCES

https://pusba.uma.ac.id/2021/12/topic-sentence-paragraph/

https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/12/31/221508469/how-to-identify-main-
idea-topic-sentence-and-supporting-details

https://roboguru.ruangguru.com/forum/apa-maksud-dari-kalimat-pendukung-dan-
contohnya-_FRM-SA46IKDB

https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2022/01/06/080000069/gagasan-utama--
pengertian-ciri-dan-letaknya

https://study.com/learn/lesson/supporting-details-examples-
types.html#:~:text=Main%20idea%3A%20John%20is%20a,John%20is%20a%20kin
d%20person

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