PERFORMANCE TASK

ØCHOOSE 3 Paintings from any of the Western Art Periods.

ØAnalyze the painting according to the following:
a. Picture of the Painting/ Title/ Artist Name/Medium/ Size
Characteristics of the Painting according to the Era it was being
painted.
Present Elements and Principles of Art I the painting only.
example: (Min of 5 principles)
BALANCE/Lines/ Shapes: the painting depicts asymmetrical
balance due to the alignment of pillars that provide the presence
of lines and shapes of the subject interconnecting the theme.
(long bond paper/ Font size:11/ Font Style: Times New Roman)
ART HISTORY
PREHISTORIC ART
Paleolithic & Neolithic Art
 PALEOLITIC ART (Old Stone Age)
• is the historical period believed
to have lasted from 30,000 B.C.
un9l about 10,000 B.C.
• There you will find these
earliest works—the vivid,
lifelike pictures of animals
painted on the rough ceilings
and walls of caves.
The Cave of Lascaux in the Dordogne Region of
Southern France
The Cave Paintings of Altamira

Pain9ng of a bison from

the ceiling in Altamira
 PETROGLYPHS
Symbols carved in
stone by settlers in
prehistoric North
America give us a
glimpse into belief
systems and ways
of life just as the
cave paintings of
Lascaux and
Altamira do.
 MEGALITHS
• A form of architecture based on big rocks.
(Greek word “Mega” means big , “lithos” means
rock)
• They are large monuments created from huge
stone labs, lie scattered across Europe, India,
Asia, and even the Americas.
 TYPES
TYPESOF
OF MEGALITHS
MEGALITHS

MENHIR- stone usually standing

vertically on the middle of a field
and commonly arranged in rows.

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 TYPES OF MEGALITHS

DOLMEN- stone structure in a form of

table. It consists of two huge standing
stones that support a horizontal giant
stone and serve as a grave or an altar.

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 TYPES OF MEGALITHS

CROMLECH- is a circle standing

stones.

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NEOLITHIC PERIOD (New Stone Age)
• The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is
characterized by the beginning of a settled
human lifestyle. People learned to cultivate plants
and domesticate animals for food, rather than rely
solely on hunting and gathering.
• That coincided with the use of more sophisticated
stone tools, which were useful for farming and
animal herding. In China, this period began around
7000 BCE and lasted until 1700 BCE.
 Çatalhöyük:
After the first
excavations by
James Mellaart
and his team.
ANCIENT EGYPT
The Old Kingdom
The Middle Kingdom
The New Kingdom
The Old Kingdom
• The Old Kingdom dates from the start of the third of these
dynasties, in about 2686 B.C.
• It ended about 500 years later, when the strong centralized
government established by the pharaohs (heads of state
and the religious leaders of their people) was weakened by
the rise of a group of independent nobles.
The Middle Kingdom
• A period of about 250 years from around 2050 to
1800 B.C.
• It was a time of law and order and prosperity in
Egypt.
• The Egyptians, having learned how to use horses and
chariots, drove the invaders from their country and
restored independence.
 The New Kingdom
• The third and most brilliant period of Egyptian
history, which began in 1570 B.C., is known as the
New Kingdom, or Empire. Warrior pharaohs used
their expertise with horses and chariots to extend
Egypt’s rule over neighboring nations.
• There he established Aton, symbolized by the sun
disk, as the one supreme god.
Harry Burton, Textiles and garlands
draped over Anubis figure, 1926.
Gelatin silver prints, Department of
Egyptian Art Archives (TAA 92, 96)
The Pyramids of Egypt • Each pyramid was built on an
almost perfectly square
ground plan.
• The pyramid base is much
greater than the height.
Because the pyramid is wider
than it is tall, it lacks an
upward movement.
• Rather than a ver9cal, soaring
quality, the shape and
propor:ons of the pyramid
suggest solidity and
permanence.
The Pyramid of Giza
Egyp%an Sculpture and Pain%ng The Great Sphinx
• Perhaps the most familiar
and impressive example of
Old Kingdom sculpture is
the Great Sphinx.
• Carved from rock at the
site, the Sphinx presents
the head of a pharaoh,
probably the Fourth
Dynasty pharaoh, Khafre,
placed on the body of a
reclining lion. It towers to a
height of almost 65 feet.
Egyp%an Sculpture and Pain%ng
Nakht and His Wife
Portraits of Nakht and
his wife are found on
one wall of this tomb.
They are surrounded
by busy servants
engaged in various
hun%ng and fishing
ac%vi%es on the
priest’s land.
Hieroglyphics
• It is an early form of picture writing.
• These symbols, some of which represented
objects, communicated information and were
included in wall paintings and other art forms
to help tell the story. The signs were generally
spaced to form attractive patterns, frequently
clusters of squares or rectangles.
Hieroglyphics
ANCIENT GREECE
Ancient Greece
• It begins around 2000 B.C.
• There was continuing rivalry among the city-
states, but none ever succeeded in conquering
the others.
• The rivalry was so intense that the city-states
could not even agree to work together toward
common goals.
GREEK ART
1. GEOMETRIC PERIOD
üDramaGc FormaGons
üHuman and Animal Forms are uncommon
üKnown for PoLery with designs of angular
lines, simple shaped figures, row of strokes
and dots.
Kleobis & Biton
GREEK ART
2. ARCHAIC PERIOD
üStarted to represent human
üPortray human beings in work instead of powers and
immortality
üGreek sculptors concentrated on carving large,
freestanding figures known as Kouroi and Korai. Kouroi is
the plural form of Kouros, meaning “youth,” and Korai is
the plural of Kore, or “maiden.”
Kouroi
and
Korai
GREEK ART
3. Classical Period
üIdealized representaGon of human being
üDepicts mythological stories detail
üReach the peak of their arGstry
 Odyssey
Landscape
GREEK ART
4. Hellenistic Period
üMore emoGonal
üDisplayed dramaGc movements
üWider range of themes and made modelling
üConsidering environment
üLandscape painGng is Gmely
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
• The Greeks considered their temples dwelling places
for the gods, who looked— and often acted—like
humans.
• The Greeks preferred bright colors to the cold
whiteness of their marble buildings. For this reason,
they painted large areas of most buildings. Blue, red,
green, and yellow were often used, although some
details were coated with a thin layer of gold.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE

THE PARTHENON
GREEK COLUMNS
DORIC
ü simplest column.

ü its capital is a circle topped by a square

ü it does not have a base

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GREEK
GREEK COLUMNS
COLUMNS
DORIC
IONIC
üütaller and more
simplest slender than doric.
column.

üüitsits
shafts
capital
areisdesigned
a circle topped
with a by
slight
a square
bulge to
make it appear straight.
ü it does not have a base
ü its base is large and looks like stacked rings.

SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY ⃒ LABORATORY SCHOOL MAPEH⃒ Content Creator: Mr. ABIGAIL ANN D. ABRAHAM
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GREEK
GREEK COLUMNS
COLUMNS
DORIC
IONIC
CORINTHIAN
üütaller and
simplest
most more slender than doric.
decorative.
column.

üüitsIts
its
shafts
capital
capitals
areisare
designed
a circle
decorated
topped
with with
a by
slight
aleaves
square
bulge
and
toscrolls.
make it appear straight.
ü its
it does
basenot
is tallest
have aamong
base the three.
ü its base is large and looks like stacked rings.

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DETAILS OF GREEK TEMPLE
CONSTRUCTION

Raking cornice. The raking

cornice is a sloping element
that
slants above the horizontal
cornice.
Cornice. A cornice is a hori-
zontal element above the
frieze.
Frieze. This is a decorative
band running across the
upper part of a wall.
Lintel. The lintel is a cross-
beam supported by
columns.
Capital. The top element
of a column.
Sha:. The shaG is the
main weight-bearing
por9on of a column.
Stylobate. Find the stylo-
bate at the top step of the
three-step plaHorm.
Pediment. This is the triangu-
lar sec?on framed by the cor-
nice and the raking cornice.
Entablature. The entablature
is the upper por?on, consis?ng
of the lintel, frieze, and
cornice.
Column. A column is an
upright post used to bear
weight.
Colonnade. A colonnade is
formed by a line of columns.
Greek Vase Decoration • The earliest Greek vases were
decorated with bands of simple
geometric pa=erns covering most of
the vessel.
• Early in the eighth century B.C.,
arBsts began to add figures to the
geometric designs on their vases.
• Some of the best of these figures
were painted on large funeral vases.
These vases were used in much the
same way as tombstones are used
Terraco'a krater (Monumental grave) today, as grave markers.
ROMAN ART
üInfluenced by Greek Art
üDeveloped the TUSCAN
üUsed colored marbles, white limestones,
concrete rubble, stucco, and brick as materials
üUsed construcGon techniques such as arch,
vault, and domes
ROMAN ART (Painting)
üHave perished
üPaint straight to the wall of homes
üThey painted interior wall to appear larger
üScenes from daily life
üPortrayed historical events
üAppreciaGon the concept of realism
Villa of the Mysteries
in Pompeii
EARLY CHRISTIAN ART
üExistence of huge body artworks
üFollowing classical Roman Art
üNot into naturalism
üExpress spiritual feeling rather than
depict physical beauty
Christ and the
Apostles in the
Heavenly
Jerusalem,
BYZANTINE ART
üDownfall of Roman Empire
üConcentrated on pain4ng icons and decora4ng
churches with mosaics and frescoes
üWith vibrant colors and represented figures that
appeared s.ff and flat
üBackgrounds are usually in Gold
üFigures had large eyes and appeared to be floa.ng
üPortrayed religious stories
 FRESCO IN
NEREZI NEAR
SKOPJE
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
üextensive use of interior mosaics, its defining
characteristic is a heightened dome
üsquare-shaped with a central floor plan
HAGIA IRENE CHURCH
Romanesque Art
üRomanesque architecture exhibits massive
quality, thick walls, round arches, sturdy piers,
groin vaults, large towers, and symmetrical
plan.
üThe Romanesque style was the first to spread
across the whole of Catholic Europe and thus
the first pan-European style since Imperial
Roman Architecture.
SAINT SERNIN
Gothic Art
üMore natural than Byzantine and Romanesque
üFollowed more transcendent style
üShowed more movements
üMore non- religious
üDepicting non- secular focusing chivalry
üBuilding characterized by cavernous spaces with
the expanse of walls broken up by overlaid tracery.
Chartres
Cathedral
Things to Look for in
Renaissance Art:
1.Linear Perspective
2.Horizon Line
3.Vanishing Point
4.Shadow & Light
5.Emotion
6.Realism & Naturalism
How to draw a cube
in 1 point perspec6ve?
Renaissance Art
üShowcase classical Greek industry
üMore on humanism that has less interest in religious and
secular dogma
üCelebrating core values of dignity and individual worth

1.Proto- Renaissance
2.Early- Renaissance
3.High Renaissance
Renaissance
&
Baroque Art
RENAISSANCE PERIOD
(14TH & 17TH CENTURY)
• began in FLORENCE, ITALY
• Period of “great awakening”/ “rebirth”
• teachings of values and teachings of the ancient greeks
and romans (greco-roman influence)
• artist combined christian iconography with greek and
roman symbolism and imagery
• splendor of individual experience and beauty of
nature
CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE
CLASSICISM- poses and compositions of the artworks
made by the Ancient Greek and Romans.
HUMANISM- philosophy that believes “true human
potential is achieved through knowledge.”
INDIVIDUALISM- individual personality, uniqueness,
and genius.
Weight was given to the full development of one’s talent.
REALISM- humans were drawn with facial expression
and were lifelike. Background in the painting made use of
nature.
RENAISSANCE PERIODS
Proto- Renaissance Art
Early Renaissance Art
High Renaissance Art
PROTO-RENAISSANCE ART

Gio$o di Bondone
Lamentation
By GioLo di Bondone
5 Frescoes
By Giotto di Bondone
EARLY RENAISSANCE ART

Lorenzo Ghiberti
North Door
By Lorenzo Ghiber9
EARLY RENAISSANCE ART

Donato di Nicollo di Be.o Bardi

Cantoria
By Donatello
EARLY RENAISSANCE ART

Tommaso di Ser Giovanni

Masaccio di Simone
The Tribute Money
By Masaccio
HIGH RENAISSANCE ART

Leonardo da Vinci
• Artist and Scientist
• Many of his works are unfinished
because he is unhappy with it.
• Well-known works are “The Last
Supper” & “Mona Lisa”
Mona Lisa
HIGH RENAISSANCE ART

Michaelangelo
• Poet, painter, sculptor, and architect.
• Created a lot of masterpieces in
Catholic Churches.
• Well-known works are “Pieta” and
“Sistine Chapel Ceiling”
Pieta
By Michaelangelo
HIGH RENAISSANCE ART

Raphael
• master painter and architect of the
Italian High Renaissance.
• His work is admired for its clarity of
form and ease of composition and for
its visual achievement of the
Neoplatonic ideal of human
grandeur.
Transfiguration
By Raphael
Mannerism
üFocused on ar#ficiality
üOpposed naturalism
üUsed vivid brush strokes, refined
elegance, uncommon perspec#ve/
ligh#ng, elongated figures, emo#onalism
 Madonna and
Child with Saint
Elizabeth and
Saint John the
Bap9st,
Islamic Art
üEvolved in 17 century A.D.
üKoran used as a decorative script to record
Muhammad’s revelations, laws, and moral stories.
üMosque is one of the greatest architecture work of
the Islamic Art.
üMuslims worship five times a day: at sun- rise,
noon, afternoon, sunset, and evening.
 The Mosque of
Al-Mutawakkil
• Measuring 382 by 512 feet,
covered 10 acres and could
accommodate 100, 000
worshippers.
• Only traces 464 brick columns
that once supported the flat,
wooden roof can be seen.
Mezquita Mosque
Mosque Interiors
• The interiors of Islamic mosques are unlike the interiors of
Christian churches.
• They avoided portraying living creatures in mosques and
other religious buildings, because they did not want in any
way to diminish the greatness of God’s creative power by
portraying such forms.
• The structures have ornate calligraphy, geometric
patterns, and stylized plants and flowers. Their skill in
doing this is evident in the rich and varied visual effects
concentrated around the mihrab.
 Mosque Architectural Features
• Columns. Rows of polished marble
columns extend
back into the darkness.
• Arches. The columns support
horseshoe-shaped arches decorated
with yellow and red bands.
• Piers. The columns also support
stone piers that carry a second tier of
arches three feet above the first. The Mezquita Mosque at Cordoba, Spain.
 Mosque Architectural Features
•Mihrab. The mihrab, a niche in the wall, that
indicates the direction of Mecca and is large
enough to accommodate a single stand- ing
figure, is the most important part of the mosque.
•Relief. Delicate stucco relief, incorporating
passages from the Koran, decorate the mihrab.
•Arches. In this section of the mosque, the
arches are more ornate, and their colors have
changed to creamy white and dark brown.

The Mezquita Mosque at Cordoba, Spain.

MIHRAB
Baroque Period
üFocused on light, intense color, space,
relaGonship between the viewer and the subject
to produce an emoGonal experience.
üUsed monumental painGngs and ceilings
üUsed church decoraGons
üUsed of chiaroscuro technique (light & dark)
üCreate a very high contrast and dramaGc
atmosphere under dimly sceneries.
Baroque Period
üThe movement of Protestant ReformaGon
became also the reason of its grandiosity.
üLinked to the the spread of colonialism.
üCharacterized by grandness, extremely theatrical
and decoraGve design choices.
üContrast in lighGng, dizzying, sweeping shapes,
vivid colors, elaborate painGngs, illusionary
effects and gilded decoraGons.
Baroque Art
a style characterized by movement, vivid
contrast, and emo#onal intensity. Once
again, Rome became the center of the art
world, just as it had been during the height
of the Renaissance a century earlier.
A New Style in Church Architecture
• The huge, sculptured scrolls at each
side of the upper story are a Baroque
innovation.
• They are used here to unite the side
sections of the wide façade, or front
of the building, to the central portion.
 Baroque Famous
Church Architecture
A New Style in Church
Architecture
Gíacomo della Porta. Il Gesú, Rome, Italy. c. 1575.
Francesco Borromini. San
Carlo alle QuaEro Fontane,
Rome, Italy. 1665–76.
St. Charles
Church
St. Paul
Cathedral
Cathedral of
Santiago de
Compostela,
Galicia
Zacatecas
Cathedral,
Zacatecas
Emphasis on Mood
and Drama in Sculpture
 Baroque Famous
Secular Architecture
St. Peter’s
Basilica
Square
Palace of
Versailles,
Versailles
Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna
Winter Palace,
Saint Petersburg
Emphasis on Mood and Drama in Sculpture
• sculptors showed the same interest in
movement, contrast, and variety as did
architects.
• placed great importance on the feeling expressed
in their work and tried to capture the moment of
highest drama and excitement.
Emphasis on Mood and Drama in Sculpture
• Sculptors showed less interest in portraying
ideal or realistic beauty.
• Deep undercutting was used to create shadows
and sharp contrasts of light and dark values.
• Colored marble replaced white marble or
somber bronze as the preferred sculptural
medium.
 PIETRO DA
CORTONA'S
APPEARING TO
AENAS AS A
HUNTRESS
Neoclassical Art
üReac%on to the excessive designs and highly emo%onal
Baroque Styles
üIt lacks emo%ons and has clear form, shallow space,
restrained colors and strong ver%cal and horizontal line
üSubject maBer are %meless
üSelf- expression, newness, improvisa%on and not into quality
üSubject maBer are usually inspired by Greek and Roman
mythology and historical interpreta%on.
üOfficial style of the Art Academies
Neoclassicism
It sought to revive the ideals of ancient
Greek and Roman art, and was
characterized by balanced
compositions, flowing contour lines,
and noble gestures and expressions.
The Death of Marat
by Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825)
This shocking painting shows
the dead figure of the political
leader slumped over the side of
his bathtub.
Napoleon in His Study.
Jacques-Louis David.
David presents the emperor
standing by a desk covered
with important papers of
state.
Jean-Auguste-
Dominique
Ingres.
Apotheosis of
Homer.
Romantic Art
üMore on into emo#ons
üExpressions can be seen in faces
üLandscape evoked moods
üSubjects and portrayed smiling or
frowning/ eyes meant to be soul’s
mirrors.
 The Ra7 of
the Medusa.
Théodore
Géricault
Eugène
Delacroix.
The Lion Hunt.
John
Constable.
Stour Valley
and
Dedham
Church.