1ST

DR. JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO ALONZO Y

REALONDA

MEANINGS OF NAME

• Doctor- completed his medical course in Spain and was conferred the degree of

Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid

• Jose- was chosen by his mother who was a

devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)

• Protacio- from Gervacio P. which come from a

Christian calendar

• Mercado- adopted in 1731 by Domigo Lamco

(the paternal great-greatgrandfather of Jose Rizal)
which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in
English

• Rizal- from the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still
green, sprouts again

• Alonzo- old surname of his mother

• Y- and

• Realonda- it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother
based on the culture by that time

• June 19, 1861- moonlit of Wednesday between eleven and midnight Jose Rizal
was born in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna

• June 22, 1861- aged three days old, Rizal was baptized in the Catholic church

• Father Rufino Collantes- a Batangueño, the parish priest who baptized Rizal

• Father Pedro Casanas- Rizal’s godfather, native of Calamba and close friend of
the Rizal family

• Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery- the governor general of the Philippines when

Rizal was born

RIZAL’S PARENTS

 Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898)

-born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818

-studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila

-became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda

-a hardy and independent-minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was strong in body
and valiant in spirit -died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80

-Rizal affectionately called him “a model of fathers”

 Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda (1826-1911)

-born in Manila on November 8, 1826

-educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city

-a remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude
of Spartan women-is a woman of more than ordinary culture: she knows literature and speaks
Spanish (according to Rizal) -died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85

THE RIZAL CHILDREN -Eleven children—two boys and nine girls

1. Saturnina (1850-1913)

-oldest of the Rizal children

-nicknamed Neneng

-married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas

2. Paciano (1851-1930)

-older brother and confident of Jose Rizal

-was a second father to Rizal

-immortalized him in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio

-Rizal regarded him as the “most noble of Filipinos”

-became a combat general in the Philippine Revolution

-died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79

-had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena)—a boy and a girl

3. Narcisa (1852-1939)

-her pet name was Sisa

-married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong

4. Olimpia (1855-1887)

-Ypia was her pet name

-married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila

5. Lucia (1857-1919)
-married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas

-Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr.
Rizal 6. Maria (1859-1945)

-Biang was her nickname

-married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna

7. Jose (1861-1896)

-the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius

-nickname was Pepe

-lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong

-had a son but this baby-boy died a few hours after birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his father
and buried him in Dapitan

8. Concepcion (1862-1865)

-her pet name was Concha

-died of sickness at the age of 3

-her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life

9. Josefa (1865-1945)

-her pet name was Panggoy

-died an old maid at the age of 80

10. Trinidad (1868-1951)

-Trining was her pet name

-she died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83

11. Soledad (1870-1929)

-youngest of the Rizal children

-her pet name was Choleng

-married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba

• Rizal always called her sisters Doña or Señora (if married) and Señorita (if single)

• Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso Realonda married on June 28, 1848, after which they
settled down in Calamba

• The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by Domingo
Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose Rizal), who was a full blooded Chinese)
 • Rizal’s family acquired a second surname—Rizal—which was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor
(provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family friend

RIZAL’S ANCESTRY

• FATHER’S SIDE
Domingo Lamco
Ines de la Rosa
(a Chinese immigrant from
(Well-to-do Chinese
the Fukien city arrived in
Christian girl of Changchow
Manila about 1690)

Francisco Mercado Cirila Bernacha

Juan Mercado
(Rizal’s grandfather ) Cirila Alejandro

Had thirteen children, the youngest being Francisco

Mercado (Rizal’s father)
 • MOTHER’S SIDE
Lakandula
(The last native king of Tondo )

Eugenio Ursua
(Rizal’s maternal Benigma
Great-great Grandfather of (a Filipina )
Japanese Ancestry)

Manuel de Quintos
Regina (a Filipino from Pangasinan )

Lorenzo Alberto Alonso

Brigida (a prominent Spanish Filipino
mestizo of Biñan)

Narcisa, Teodora (Rizal’s mother), Gregorio, Manuel at Jose

THE RIZAL HOME

-was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish times

-it was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods and roofed
with red tiles -by day, it hummed with the noises of children at play and the songs of the birds in the
garden; by night, it echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers

• The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy in Spanish

Philippines

• The Rizal family had a simple, contented and happy life

CHILDHOOD YEARS IN CALAMBA

-Calamba was named after a big native jar

-Calamba was a hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican Order, which also owned all the lands
around it
 • Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)- a poem about Rizal’s
beloved town written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and was student in the
Ateneo de Manila

• The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden
when he was three years old

• Another childhood memory was the daily Angelus prayer. By nightfall, Rizal
related, his mother gathered all the children at the house to pray the Angelus

• Another memory of Rizal’s infancy was the nocturnal walk in the town,
especially when there was a moon

• The death of little Concha brought Rizal his first sorrow

• At the age of three, Rizal began to take a part in the family prayers

• When Rizal was five years old, he was able to read haltingly the Spanish family
bible

• The Story of the Moth- made the profoundest impression on Rizal

-“died a martyr to its illusions”

• At the age of five, Rizal began to make sketches with his pencil and to mould in
clay and wax objects which attracted his fancy

• Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children)- Rizal’s first poem in native
language at the age of eight

-reveals Rizal’s earliest nationalist sentiment

• At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog
comedy

INFLUENCES ON THE HERO’S BOYHOOD

(1) hereditary influence

(2) environmental influence

(3) aid of Divine Providence

• Tio Jose Alberto- studied for eleven years in British school in Calcutta, India and
had traveled in Europe inspired Rizal to develop his artistic ability

• Tio Manuel- a husky and athletic man, encouraged Rizal to develop his frail body
by means of physical exercises

• Tio Gregorio- a book lover, intensified Rizal’s voracious reading of good book
• Father Leoncio Lopez- the old and learned parish priest of Calamba, fostered
Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty