Here are the key steps to sketch the gradient function:
1. Determine the sign (positive/negative) of the gradient by taking the derivative of the original function.
2. Create a table with x-values and the corresponding sign and slope of the gradient.
3. Sketch the shape of the gradient function based on the regions of positive/negative gradient indicated in the table.
This process allows you to visualize how the steepness of the original function changes over different intervals of x. Sketching the gradient function provides useful insight into the behavior of the original function.
Here are the key steps to sketch the gradient function:
1. Determine the sign (positive/negative) of the gradient by taking the derivative of the original function.
2. Create a table with x-values and the corresponding sign and slope of the gradient.
3. Sketch the shape of the gradient function based on the regions of positive/negative gradient indicated in the table.
This process allows you to visualize how the steepness of the original function changes over different intervals of x. Sketching the gradient function provides useful insight into the behavior of the original function.
Here are the key steps to sketch the gradient function:
1. Determine the sign (positive/negative) of the gradient by taking the derivative of the original function.
2. Create a table with x-values and the corresponding sign and slope of the gradient.
3. Sketch the shape of the gradient function based on the regions of positive/negative gradient indicated in the table.
This process allows you to visualize how the steepness of the original function changes over different intervals of x. Sketching the gradient function provides useful insight into the behavior of the original function.
Here are the key steps to sketch the gradient function:
1. Determine the sign (positive/negative) of the gradient by taking the derivative of the original function.
2. Create a table with x-values and the corresponding sign and slope of the gradient.
3. Sketch the shape of the gradient function based on the regions of positive/negative gradient indicated in the table.
This process allows you to visualize how the steepness of the original function changes over different intervals of x. Sketching the gradient function provides useful insight into the behavior of the original function.
Fundamental question •How do we measure how steep is the curve? Constant Rate of Change • Any linear function will have a constant rate of change. y2 −y1 Δy • Constant rate of change = x2 −x1 Δx • Gradient m= Constant rate of change Average Rate of Change • For a function y = f(x), the average rate of change of y with respect to x over the interval [a, b] is the gradient of the secant line through (a, f(a)) and (b, f(b)). y2 −y1 Δy • Average rate of change = x2 −x1 Δx Instantaneous Rate of Change • Tangents to a curve at a point is informally as a line which has ‘the same slope’ as the graph at this point. • If we think of a very, very, . . . , very small section of the curve around the point, we can consider it to be a line that cut with the curve. This straight line is what we call the ‘tangent line’ to the curve at the point. • https://www.desmos.com/calculator/mgtjldr975 Value of Q Average rate of change Q0 (2,4) 3 Q1 (1.8,3) 2.8 Q2 (1.6,2.56) 2.6 Q3 (1.4,1.96) 2.4 Q4 (1.2,2.2) 2.2
From the trend, we may predict the instantaneous rate of change at (1,1) is 2 Instantaneous Rate of Change • Consider the graph 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 : 𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓(𝑥) • The gradient of Secant AB = (𝑥+ℎ)−𝑥 • As h approaches 0, we use lim (ℎ) to define h. ℎ→0
• Hence the gradient of the point on 𝑓 𝑥 is defined as :
Brief Application of derivative • Once we found the derivative, we could find the steepness and gradient of almost every point on the graph. • Finding the tangent and normal line. • Finding the turning point and stationary point. General equation for derivative of power function
• For f x = 𝑥 𝑛 , 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 where n is a non-zero integer.
• If y=f(x), then the derivative of y with respect notation 𝑑𝑦 𝑑(f(x)) to x is denoted by or 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 • 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑓 𝑥 + ℎ − 𝑓(𝑥) ℎ→0 • 𝑑𝑥 = lim 𝑥 + ℎ − 𝑥= lim (ℎ) ℎ→0 ℎ→0 𝑑𝑦 𝑓 𝑥+ℎ −𝑓 𝑥 • = lim ( ) 𝑑𝑥 ℎ→0 𝑥+ℎ −𝑥 Chain Rule • For composite in the form of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑔 𝑥 ), 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 • we could use the property = × 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Example: 𝑦 = (3𝑥)2 Without Chain rule: With Chain rule:
𝒅𝒚 In short, 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒈′ 𝒙 𝒇′ (𝒈 𝒙 ) Product rule 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢 • =𝑢 +𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 • Proof: • Let 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑣,where u and v is a function of x
𝒅𝒚 Hence,f𝑜𝑟 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 , = 𝒇 𝒙 𝒈′ 𝒙 + 𝒇′ 𝒙 𝒈(𝒙) 𝒅𝒙 Product rule • Exercise a. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 × 𝑥 b. y = 𝑥 2 (2𝑥 + 1) Quotient rule 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑢 𝑑𝑦 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 −𝑢𝑑𝑥 • 𝐼𝑓 𝑦 = , = 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑣2 • Proof: Exercise 𝑥+1 • Diff 𝑦 = 𝑥 Sketch Gradient function Method: 1. Determine the region of positive and negative gradient. 2. Determine the gradient table of the original function 3. Sketch the shape of the gradient function.
