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Tools and Materials

The document discusses drafting tools and materials, their uses and functions. It provides details on 13 common drafting tools: 1) drawing board, 2) T-square, 3) triangle, 4) masking tape, 5) triangular scale, 6) protractor, 7) irregular curve, 8) compass, 9) pencil, 10) mechanical pencil, 11) erasing shield, 12) eraser, and 13) drawing paper. For each tool, it describes the parts, types, and uses to help readers understand how to select and use these basic tools for mechanical drafting.

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47 views6 pages

Tools and Materials

The document discusses drafting tools and materials, their uses and functions. It provides details on 13 common drafting tools: 1) drawing board, 2) T-square, 3) triangle, 4) masking tape, 5) triangular scale, 6) protractor, 7) irregular curve, 8) compass, 9) pencil, 10) mechanical pencil, 11) erasing shield, 12) eraser, and 13) drawing paper. For each tool, it describes the parts, types, and uses to help readers understand how to select and use these basic tools for mechanical drafting.

Uploaded by

vncntmarles
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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II.

DRAFTING TOOLS AND MATERIALS, ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the learners are expected to do the following:
1. Acquainted with the different kinds of materials, instruments used in drawing.
2. Learned the functions and uses of each drawing tools and materials.
3. Gained the ability to select high grade instruments and materials.

Drafting tools – are those which you will manipulate when drawing.
Equipment – consist of the furniture, drafting machine, and bigger items found in the drafting or drawing
room.

DRAFTING TOOLS AND MATERIALS, ITS USES/FUNCTIONS

There are great variety of drafting materials and tools used in mechanical drawing. The drafting
materials and tools discussed in this module include most of the basic ones but sufficient enough for initial
understanding about mechanical drafting.

1. Drawing board /drafting table – this is a special table with an adjustable top so that it can be tilted to
a desires angle.

2. T – square – used as guide in drawing parallel, horizontal lines and as a support for the triangles when
drawing inclines lines.

Parts of a T – square

1. Head – part that slides on the edge of the board.


2. Working edge – used as guide in drawing horizontal lines.
3. Cutting edge – use for cutting paper.
4. Hole – used for hanging when the T-square is not in use.
5. Blade – also called the body of the T-square.

Uses of the T- square


1. Use for drawing horizontal lines.
2. Used as sliding base of the triangles in drawing vertical and inclined lines
3. Used for measuring.

Types of T-square
1. Fixed Head T-square
2. Adjustable Head T-square
3. Removable Head T-square

Fig. 7. Proper Directions in Drawing Horizontal, Vertical and Inclined Lines

Fig. 8. Correct Positions of the pencil and Hands When Drawing Horizontal Lines

3. Triangle – used to draw accurate parallel lines, vertical lines, and other angled lines. Generally, two right-
angled triangular pieces of differing angles form one set.

a.) 45° triangle b.) 30°-60° triangle


Two types of triangle

Uses of Triangle:
1. Used for drawing vertical and inclined lines using the T-square at the sliding base.
2. Used for measuring.
3. Used for drawing common angles.

Fig. 9. A combination of the two triangles can produce lines of different angles or slants

Fig. 10 Other combination of triangles


4. Masking tape – it is used for fastening the drawing paper on the drawing table or drawing board.

5. Triangular Scale – is a tool generally used when reproducing a drawing in an enlarge or reduced form. Its
main function is to reproduce the measurements of an object in full size, reduced size, and enlarge
size.

6. Protractor – it used for measuring or setting off angles other than those obtained with the triangle.
7. Irregular curve – this is sometimes called French curve, it is used to draw mechanical curves other than
circles or circular arcs.

Types of Irregular curve

8. Compass – used to draw arcs, regular or perfect circle.

Parts of a Compass:

9. Pencil – used for writing, drawing or marking consisting of a thin rod made of Kaolin clay called lead

Grades of Pencil:

a. Soft Pencil – this are soft and used for art work of various kinds.
b. Medium Pencil – used for drawing and sketching
c. Hard Pencil – used for extreme accuracy is required especially working on graphs, diagrams and
charts.

Kinds of Pencil Points:

a. Conical Point – pencil point in a cone shape.


b. Chisel Point – pencil point which look like the cutting edge of a chisel.
c. Elliptical Point – pencil point in elliptical shape.
10. Mechanical Pencil - also clutch pencil, is a pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable solid
pigment core called a "lead". Used to provide lines of constant width without sharpening in technical
drawing and in quick, neat writing.

Parts of a Mechanical Pencil

11. Erasing Shield – this is made up of metal with irregular holes. It is a used to protect the rest of the
drawing when clearing up smudges, unnecessary line and other erasures.

12. Eraser – used to clean the dirt off the drawing. A soft eraser is advantage in removing smudges and pencil
marks, whereas, a harder eraser is useful for making changes and correcting errors in the
drawing.
Types of Erasers:

13. Drawing paper/bond paper – various types of drawing papers are available but hard and soft surface
drawing papers are highly recommended to the best.

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